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Xiao S, Sun G, Huang S, Lin C, Li Y. Nanoarchitectonics-Based Materials as a Promising Strategy in the Treatment of Endodontic Infections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:759. [PMID: 38931881 PMCID: PMC11207628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic infections arise from the interactive activities of microbial communities colonizing in the intricate root canal system. The present study aims to update the latest knowledge of nanomaterials, their antimicrobial mechanisms, and their applications in endodontics. A detailed literature review of the current knowledge of nanomaterials used in endodontic applications was performed using the PubMed database. Antimicrobial nanomaterials with a small size, large specific surface area, and high chemical activity are introduced to act as irrigants, photosensitizer delivery systems, and medicaments, or to modify sealers. The application of nanomaterials in the endodontic field could enhance antimicrobial efficiency, increase dentin tubule penetration, and improve treatment outcomes. This study supports the potential of nanomaterials as a promising strategy in treating endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen 361018, China;
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
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Yao C, Pripatnanont P, Zhang J, Suttapreyasri S. Fabrication and characterization of a bioactive composite scaffold based on polymeric collagen/gelatin/nano β-TCP for alveolar bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106500. [PMID: 38484429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
One strategy to correct alveolar bone defects is use of bioactive bone substitutes to maintain the structure of defect site and facilitate cells and vessels' ingrowth. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize the freeze-dried bone regeneration scaffolds composed of polymeric Type I collagen, nano Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and gelatin. The stable structures of scaffolds were obtained by thermal crosslinking and EDC/NHS ((1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide)/(N-hydroxysuccinimide)) chemical crosslinking processes. Subsequently, the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds were characterized and assessed. The results indicated the bioactive composite scaffolds containing 10% and 20% (w/v) nano β-TCP exhibited suitable porosity (84.45 ± 25.43 nm, and 94.51 ± 14.69 nm respectively), a rapid swelling property (reaching the maximum swelling rate at 1 h), excellent degradation resistance (residual mass percentage of scaffolds higher than 80% on day 90 in PBS and Type I collagenase solution respectively), and sustained calcium release capabilities. Moreover, they displayed outstanding biological properties, including superior cell viability, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. Additionally, the scaffolds containing 10% and 20% (w/v) nano β-TCP could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1. Therefore, the bioactive composite scaffolds containing 10% and 20% (w/v) nano β-TCP could be further studied for being used to treat alveolar bone defects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Prisana Pripatnanont
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Junbiao Zhang
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand; Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Srisurang Suttapreyasri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand.
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Chen J, Zhao X, Qiao L, Huang Y, Yang Y, Chu D, Guo B. Multifunctional On-Demand Removability Hydrogel Dressing Based on in Situ Formed AgNPs, Silk Microfibers and Hydrazide Hyaluronic Acid for Burn Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303157. [PMID: 38247348 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures can deactivate tissues in the burn wound area, allowing pathogenic bacteria to multiply on the wound surface, ultimately leading to local or systemic infection. An ideal burn dressing should provide antibacterial properties and facilitate painless dressing changes. Silk microfibers coated with poly (2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde) (referred to as mSF@PTHB) to in situ reduce AgNO3 to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a hydrazide hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel are utilized. The findings indicate a more homogeneous distribution of the silver elements compared to directly doped AgNPs, which also conferred antioxidant and antibacterial properties to the hydrogel. Moreover, hydrogels containing pH-responsive dynamic acylhydrazone bonds can undergo a gel-sol transition in a weak acid environment, leading to the painless removal of adhesive hydrogel dressings. Notably, the on-demand replaceable self-healing antioxidant hydrogel dressing exhibits antibacterial effects and cytocompatibility in vitro, and the wound-healing performance of the hydrogel is validated by treating a burn mouse model with full-thickness skin defects. It is demonstrated that hydrogel dressings offer a viable therapeutic approach to prevent infection and facilitate the healing of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dake Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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Ptasiewicz M, Chałas R, Idaszek J, Maksymiuk P, Kister M, Kister KA, Kurzydłowski KJ, Magryś A. In Vitro Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Pathogenic Bacteria and on Metabolic Activity and Viability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0007. [PMID: 38421273 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology has led to the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in various biomedical fields. However, the effect of Ag-NPs on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is not fully understood. Moreover, too frequent an exposure to products containing nanosilver in sublethal amounts raises widespread concerns that it will lead to the development of silver-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of action of Ag-NPs on hMSCs by analyzing the cellular uptake of Ag-NPs by the cells and its effect on their viability and to assess antimicrobial activity of Ag-NPs against emerging bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant pathogens. For metabolic activity and viability evaluation, hMSCs were incubated with different concentrations of Ag-NPs (14 μg/mL, 7 μg/mL, and 3.5 μg/mL) for 10 min., 1 h and 24 h and subsequently analyzed for their viability by live-dead staining and metabolic activity by the MTS assay. The effect of Ag-NPs on bacterial pathogens was studied by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). In conclusion, it was observed that exposure of hMSCs to Ag-NPs of size <10 nm has no cytotoxic effect on the metabolic activity of the cells at the concentration of 3.5 μg/mL, with minimal cytotoxic effect being observed at the concentration of 14 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation. Our findings also confirmed that Ag-NPs at the concentration of 4 μg/mL are effective broad-spectrum bactericidal agents, regardless of the antibiotic-resistance mechanism present in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Ptasiewicz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Chałas
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Idaszek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Maksymiuk
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kister
- Chair and Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Magryś
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Nazarov D, Kozlova L, Rogacheva E, Kraeva L, Maximov M. Atomic Layer Deposition of Antibacterial Nanocoatings: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1656. [PMID: 38136691 PMCID: PMC10740478 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, antibacterial coatings have become an important approach in the global fight against bacterial pathogens. Developments in materials science, chemistry, and biochemistry have led to a plethora of materials and chemical compounds that have the potential to create antibacterial coatings. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the analysis of the techniques and technologies used to apply these coatings. Among the various inorganic coating techniques, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is worthy of note. It enables the successful synthesis of high-purity inorganic nanocoatings on surfaces of complex shape and topography, while also providing precise control over their thickness and composition. ALD has various industrial applications, but its practical application in medicine is still limited. In recent years, a considerable number of papers have been published on the proposed use of thin films and coatings produced via ALD in medicine, notably those with antibacterial properties. The aim of this paper is to carefully evaluate and analyze the relevant literature on this topic. Simple oxide coatings, including TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, MgO, and ZrO2, were examined, as well as coatings containing metal nanoparticles such as Ag, Cu, Pt, and Au, and mixed systems such as TiO2-ZnO, TiO2-ZrO2, ZnO-Al2O3, TiO2-Ag, and ZnO-Ag. Through comparative analysis, we have been able to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of various antibacterial coatings of different compositions, including key characteristics such as thickness, morphology, and crystal structure. The use of ALD in the development of antibacterial coatings for various applications was analyzed. Furthermore, assumptions were made about the most promising areas of development. The final section provides a comparison of different coatings, as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of using ALD for the industrial production of antibacterial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Nazarov
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab, 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Lada Kozlova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab, 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta Rogacheva
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.); (L.K.)
| | - Ludmila Kraeva
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.); (L.K.)
| | - Maxim Maximov
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
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Teja KV, Janani K, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Natoli V, Di Blasio M, Cicciu M, Minervini G. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:849. [PMID: 37951871 PMCID: PMC10638705 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to compare the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The current study included four hundred extracted human permanent mandibular premolar teeth. After complete chemo-mechanical preparation, the middle third of the root was sectioned using a rotary diamond disc and a total of 400 samples were obtained. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. After that, specimens were divided into five groups (n = 80) based on materials used for the disinfection of samples: Group I, calcium hydroxide alone; Group II, calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel; Group III, calcium hydroxide + 2% chitosan gel; Group IV, calcium hydroxide + 0.02% silver nanoparticle gel; Group V, calcium hydroxide + Bioactive glass S53P4. Dentin shavings from the apical third were obtained from the inner third of dentin were obtained using gates glidden no.1 to the apical depth, followed by no.2, 3, 4 and 5 analyzed for E. faecalis using the culture method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis, followed by post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparisons of means to check the difference in bacterial inhibition between the groups. RESULTS ANOVA results revealed a significant reduction of bacterial counts in all the groups compared (p < 0.001). Intergroup comparison showed maximum bacterial reduction (p < 0.001) with calcium hydroxide + bioactive glass S53P4 compared with other groups. CONCLUSION Synergistic effect of calcium hydroxide showed better bacterial reduction compared to calcium hydroxide alone. Among the combinations evaluated, calcium hydroxide with bioactive glass, found to be most effective compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnamchari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Macro Cicciu
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121, Naples, Italy
- Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Saavetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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Leveque M, Bekhouche M, Farges JC, Aussel A, Sy K, Richert R, Ducret M. Bioactive Endodontic Hydrogels: From Parameters to Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14056. [PMID: 37762359 PMCID: PMC10531297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim at recreating dental pulp tissue using biomaterials such as hydrogels. Their bioactivity is mostly related to the nature of biomolecules or chemical compounds that compose the endodontic hydrogel. However, many other parameters, such as hydrogel concentration, bioactive molecules solubility, and apex size, were reported to influence the reciprocal host-biomaterial relationship and hydrogel behavior. The lack of knowledge regarding these various parameters, which should be considered, leads to the inability to predict the clinical outcome and suggests that the biological activity of endodontic hydrogel is impossible to anticipate and could hinder the bench-to-bedside transition. We describe, in this review, that most of these parameters could be identified, described, and studied. A second part of the review lists some challenges and perspectives, including development of future mathematical models that are able to explain, and eventually predict, the bioactivity of endodontic hydrogel used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Leveque
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
| | - Mourad Bekhouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Aussel
- BIOTIS—Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (UMR Inserm 1026), University of Bordeaux, Inserm, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- UFR d’Odontologie, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Kadiatou Sy
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Raphaël Richert
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, 69007 Lyon, France; (M.L.); (M.B.); (J.-C.F.)
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; (K.S.); (R.R.)
- Service d’Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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Bellisario D, Santo L, Quadrini F, Hassiba M, Bader N, Chowdhury SH, Hassan MK, Zughaier SM. Cytotoxicity and Antibiofilm Activity of Silver-Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050924. [PMID: 37237827 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of biocompatible nanomaterials that interface with human skin and tissue is critical for advancing prosthetics and other therapeutic medical needs. In this perspective, the development of nanoparticles with cytotoxicity and antibiofilm properties and biocompatibility characteristics are important. Metallic silver (Ag) exhibits good biocompatibility, but it is often challenging to integrate it into a nanocomposite without compromising its antibiofilm properties for optimal applications. In this study, new polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with ultra-low filling content (0.0023-0.046 wt%) of Ag nanoplates were manufactured and tested. The cytotoxicity and antibiofilm activity of different composites with polypropylene (PP) matrix were examined. At first, PNCs surface were analyzed by means of AFM (atomic force microscopy) with phase contrast evaluation and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) to study the Ag nanoplates distribution. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity and growth properties of biofilms were assessed by MTT assay protocol and detection of nitric oxide radicals. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were measured against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae). The PNCs with silver exhibited antibiofilm activity although they did not inhibit regular planktonic bacterial growth. Moreover, the PNCs were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells and did not induce significant immune response. These features reveal the potential of the PNCs developed in this study for usage in fabrication of prosthetics and other smart structures for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loredana Santo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Quadrini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maryam Hassiba
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Nour Bader
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | | | - Susu M Zughaier
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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