1
|
Li D, Zhang J, Jin Y, Zhu Y, Lu X, Huo X, Pan C, Zhong L, Sun K, Yan L, Yan L, Huang P, Li Q, Han JY, Li Y. Silibinin inhibits PM2.5-induced liver triglyceride accumulation through enhancing the function of mitochondrial Complexes I and II. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1435230. [PMID: 39351086 PMCID: PMC11440093 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1435230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The standardized extract of milk thistle seeds, known as silibinin, has been utilized in herbal medicine for over two centuries, with the aim of safeguarding the liver against the deleterious effects of various toxic substances. However, the role of silibinin in Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-induced intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation remains unclear. This study seeks to investigate the impact of silibinin on PM2.5-induced intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms. Methods A model of intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation was established in male C57BL/6J mice through intratracheal instillation of PM2.5, followed by assessment of liver weight, body weight, liver index, and measurements of intrahepatic triglycerides and cholesterol after treatment with silibinin capsules. Hep G2 cells were exposed to PM2.5 suspension to create an intracellular triglyceride accumulation model, and after treatment with silibinin, cell viability, intracellular triglycerides and cholesterol, fluorescence staining for Nile Red (lipid droplets), and DCFH-DA (Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS), as well as proteomics, real-time PCR, and mitochondrial function assays, were performed to investigate the mechanisms involved in reducing triglycerides. Results PM2.5 exposure leads to triglyceride accumulation, increased ROS production, elevated expression of inflammatory factors, decreased expression of antioxidant factors, and increased expression of downstream genes of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Silibinin can partially or fully reverse these factors, thereby protecting cells and animal livers from PM2.5-induced damage. In vitro studies show that silibinin exerts its protective effects by preserving oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondrial complexes I and II, particularly significantly enhancing the function of mitochondrial complex II. Succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex II) is a direct target of silibinin, but silibinin A and B exhibit different affinities for different subunits of complex II. Conclusion Silibinin improved the accumulation of intrahepatic triglycerides induced by PM2.5, and this was, at least in part, explained by an enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial Complexes I and II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmei Huo
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- The Key Discipline for Integration of Chinese and Western Basic Medicine (Microcirculation) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carnet Le Provost K, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Bezu L. Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2284486. [PMID: 38126031 PMCID: PMC10732641 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2284486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catecholamines directly act on β-adrenoreceptors present on tumor cells, thereby stimulating survival, proliferation, and migration of nascent neoplasms. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that blocking adrenergic receptors slows tumor growth, suggesting potential clinical benefits of using β-blockers in cancer therapy. Much of these positive effects of β-blockade are mediated by improved immunosurveillance. The present trial watch summarizes current knowledge from preclinical and clinical studies investigating the anticancer effects of β-blockers either as standalone agents or in combination with conventional antineoplastic treatments or immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Killian Carnet Le Provost
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Equipe Labellisée Par La Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Département d’anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bombarda-Rocha V, Silva D, Badr-Eddine A, Nogueira P, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Challenges in Pharmacological Intervention in Perilipins (PLINs) to Modulate Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Obesity and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4013. [PMID: 37568828 PMCID: PMC10417315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are the most abundant proteins in lipid droplets (LD). These LD-associated proteins are responsible for upgrading LD from inert lipid storage structures to fully functional organelles, fundamentally integrated in the lipid metabolism. There are five distinct perilipins (PLIN1-5), each with specific expression patterns and metabolic activation, but all capable of regulating the activity of lipases on LD. This plurality creates a complex orchestrated mechanism that is directly related to the healthy balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Given the essential role of PLINs in the modulation of the lipid metabolism, these proteins can become interesting targets for the treatment of lipid-associated diseases. Since reprogrammed lipid metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark, and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer and other comorbidities, the modulation of PLINs could either improve existing treatments or create new opportunities for the treatment of these diseases. Even though PLINs have not been, so far, directly considered for pharmacological interventions, there are many established drugs that can modulate PLINs activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the involvement of PLINs in diseases related to lipid metabolism dysregulation and whether PLINs can be viewed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victória Bombarda-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Allal Badr-Eddine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Slika H, Mansour H, Nasser SA, Shaito A, Kobeissy F, Orekhov AN, Pintus G, Eid AH. Epac as a tractable therapeutic target. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175645. [PMID: 36894048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In 1957, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was identified as the first secondary messenger, and the first signaling cascade discovered was the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Since then, cAMP has received increasing attention given its multitude of actions. Not long ago, a new cAMP effector named exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) emerged as a critical mediator of cAMP's actions. Epac mediates a plethora of pathophysiologic processes and contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung fibrosis, neurological disorders, and others. These findings strongly underscore the potential of Epac as a tractable therapeutic target. In this context, Epac modulators seem to possess unique characteristics and advantages and hold the promise of providing more efficacious treatments for a wide array of diseases. This paper provides an in-depth dissection and analysis of Epac structure, distribution, subcellular compartmentalization, and signaling mechanisms. We elaborate on how these characteristics can be utilized to design specific, efficient, and safe Epac agonists and antagonists that can be incorporated into future pharmacotherapeutics. In addition, we provide a detailed portfolio for specific Epac modulators highlighting their discovery, advantages, potential concerns, and utilization in the context of clinical disease entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Slika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Hadi Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | | | - Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow, 117418, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|