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Yang Y, Yu S, Lv C, Tian Y. NETosis in tumour microenvironment of liver: From primary to metastatic hepatic carcinoma. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102297. [PMID: 38599524 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common and highly lethal tumour. The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A cell death mechanism, termed NETosis, has been found to play an important role in the TME of HCC. SUMMARY This review article focuses on the role of NETosis in the TME of HCC, a novel form of cell death in which neutrophils capture and kill microorganisms by releasing a type of DNA meshwork fibres called "NETs". This process is associated with neutrophil activation, local inflammation and cytokines. The study suggests that NETs play a multifaceted role in the development and metastasis of HCC. The article also discusses the role of NETs in tumour proliferation and metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and surgical stress. In addition, the article discusses the interaction of NETosis with other immune cells in the TME and related therapeutic strategies. A deeper understanding of NETosis can help us better understand the complexity of the immune system and provide a new therapeutic basis for the treatment and prevention of HCC. KEY INFORMATION In conclusion, NETosis is important in the TME of liver. NETs have been shown to contribute to the progression and metastasis of liver cancer. The interaction between NETosis and immune cells in the TME, as well as related therapies, are important areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Siyue Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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2
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Jia W, Mao Y, Luo Q, Wu J, Guan Q. Targeting neutrophil elastase is a promising direction for future cancer treatment. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:167. [PMID: 38750338 PMCID: PMC11096153 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a proteolytic enzyme released extracellular during the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through degranulation. In addition to participating in the body's inflammatory response, NE also plays an important role in cancer. It can promote tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and change the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor progression. Concurrently, NE promotes systemic treatment resistance by inducing EMT. However, it can also selectively kill cancer cells and attenuate tumor development. Sivelestat is a specific NE inhibitor that can be used in the perioperative period of esophageal cancer patients to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications after esophagectomy. In addition, the combination of sivelestat and trastuzumab can enhance the efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER 2) positive breast cancer patients. Meanwhile, targeting the human antibody domains and fragments of NE is also a new way to treat cancer and inflammation-related diseases. This review provides valuable insights into the role of NE in cancer treatment. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with the clinical application of sivelestat. By shedding light on the promising potential of NE, this review contributes to the advancement of cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yudong Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Oncology Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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3
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James P, Kaushal D, Beaumont Wilson R. NETosis in Surgery: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Treatment. Ann Surg 2024; 279:765-780. [PMID: 38214150 PMCID: PMC10997183 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide surgeons with an understanding of the latest research on NETosis, including the pathophysiology and treatment of conditions involving neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the care of surgical patients. BACKGROUND A novel function of neutrophils, the formation of NETs, was described in 2004. Neutrophils form mesh-like structures of extruded decondensed chromatin, comprising DNA and histones decorated with bactericidal proteins. These NETs exert antimicrobial action by trapping microorganisms and preventing their wider dissemination through the body. RESULTS A narrative review of the existing literature describing NETosis was conducted, including NET pathophysiology, conditions related to NET formation, and treatments relevant to surgeons. CONCLUSIONS In addition to its canonical antimicrobial function, NETosis can exacerbate inflammation, resulting in tissue damage and contributing to numerous diseases. NETs promote gallstone formation and acute pancreatitis, impair wound healing in the early postoperative period and in chronic wounds, and facilitate intravascular coagulation, cancer growth, and metastasis. Agents that target NET formation or removal have shown promising efficacy in treating these conditions, although large clinical trials are required to confirm these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa James
- Department of General Surgery, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Department of General Surgery, Campbelltown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Dong J, Zhao J, Wu Z, Liu J, Wang B, Qi X. The Predictive Value of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Related Risk Score in Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01135-4. [PMID: 38580851 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has brought great healthy burden for patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been explored in several tumors, while it remains largely unclear in CRC. CRC-related data were downloaded from Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Then, a NET risk score was built after univariate Cox and LASSO Cox regression analysis. Prognostic value was evaluated via survival analysis, stratification analysis, and ROC analysis. The functional enrichment analysis was conducted basing on bulk and scRNA-seq data. The immune landscape difference was analyzed using CIBERSORT, XCell, and MCPcounter portals. NET risk score was built for CRC patients, basing on G0S2, HIST1H2BC, CRISPLD2, and IL17A. In TCGA-CRC and validation datasets, regardless of age or gender, high-risk CRC patients had significantly worse prognosis, besides higher NET risk score was mainly found in samples with MSI-H and advanced T, N, and M stages. Employing multiple databases, we noticed that M0 and M2 Macrophages infiltrated the most in high-risk CRC patients, besides M2 Macrophages and neutrophils showed positive correlation with NET risk score. A novel reliable prognostic NET risk score was developed for CRC patients, and high-risk patients had unfavorable prognosis with advanced disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxing Dong
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, NO. 51 Xinkai Road, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, NO. 51 Xinkai Road, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, NO. 51 Xinkai Road, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, NO. 51 Xinkai Road, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Baoxin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, NO. 51 Xinkai Road, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiuheng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Petrochina Central Hospital, NO. 51 Xinkai Road, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China.
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5
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Wang Y, Du C, Zhang Y, Zhu L. Composition and Function of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Biomolecules 2024; 14:416. [PMID: 38672433 PMCID: PMC11048602 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate fibrous structures released by neutrophils in response to specific stimuli. These structures are composed of depolymerized chromatin adorned with histones, granule proteins, and cytosolic proteins. NETs are formed via two distinct pathways known as suicidal NETosis, which involves NADPH oxidase (NOX), and vital NETosis, which is independent of NOX. Certain proteins found within NETs exhibit strong cytotoxic effects against both pathogens and nearby host cells. While NETs play a defensive role against pathogens, they can also contribute to tissue damage and worsen inflammation. Despite extensive research on the pathophysiological role of NETs, less attention has been paid to their components, which form a unique structure containing various proteins that have significant implications in a wide range of diseases. This review aims to elucidate the components of NETs and provide an overview of their impact on host defense against invasive pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chunjing Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
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6
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Awasthi D, Sarode A. Neutrophils at the Crossroads: Unraveling the Multifaceted Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2929. [PMID: 38474175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, research has prominently established neutrophils as key contributors to the intricate landscape of tumor immune biology. As polymorphonuclear granulocytes within the innate immune system, neutrophils play a pivotal and abundant role, constituting approximately ∼70% of all peripheral leukocytes in humans and ∼10-20% in mice. This substantial presence positions them as the frontline defense against potential threats. Equipped with a diverse array of mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, degranulation, phagocytosis, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils undeniably serve as indispensable components of the innate immune system. While these innate functions enable neutrophils to interact with adaptive immune cells such as T, B, and NK cells, influencing their functions, they also engage in dynamic interactions with rapidly dividing tumor cells. Consequently, neutrophils are emerging as crucial regulators in both pro- and anti-tumor immunity. This comprehensive review delves into recent research to illuminate the multifaceted roles of neutrophils. It explores their diverse functions within the tumor microenvironment, shedding light on their heterogeneity and their impact on tumor recruitment, progression, and modulation. Additionally, the review underscores their potential anti-tumoral capabilities. Finally, it provides valuable insights into clinical therapies targeting neutrophils, presenting a promising approach to leveraging innate immunity for enhanced cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Sarode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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7
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Wang P, Jie Y, Yao L, Sun YM, Jiang DP, Zhang SQ, Wang XY, Fan Y. Cells in the liver microenvironment regulate the process of liver metastasis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3969. [PMID: 38459746 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The research of liver metastasis is a developing field. The ability of tumor cells to invade the liver depends on the complicated interactions between metastatic cells and local subpopulations in the liver (including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and immune-related cells). These interactions are mainly mediated by intercellular adhesion and the release of cytokines. Cell populations in the liver microenvironment can play a dual role in the progression of liver metastasis through different mechanisms. At the same time, we can see the participation of liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells in the process of liver metastasis of different tumors. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to summarize the relationship between cellular components of liver microenvironment and metastasis and emphasize the importance of different cells in the occurrence or potential regression of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Jie
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Meng Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da-Peng Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Xia J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Wang Y, Liu G. Regulation of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:773-785. [PMID: 37815294 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is one of the defense functions of neutrophils, which has a rapid ability to kill infections and is also crucial in a variety of immune-associated diseases including infections, tumors and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown that NETs are closely related to the development of tumors. The regulatory role of NETs in tumors has been of interest to researchers. In addition to awakening latent tumor cells, NETs can also promote the proliferation and development of tumor cells and their metastasis to other sites. At the same time, NETs also have the effect of inhibiting tumors. At present, there are some new advances in the impact of NETs on tumor development, which will provide a more theoretical basis for developing NET-targeted drugs. Therefore, this review just summarized the formation process of NETs, the regulation of tumor development and the treatment methods based on NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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9
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Himcinschi ME, Uscatescu V, Gherghe G, Stoian I, Vlad A, Popa DC, Coriu D, Anghel A. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Outcome of Malignant Epitheliomas: Significance of CA215 Involvement. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:328. [PMID: 38337844 PMCID: PMC10855654 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were originally discovered as a part of the innate immune response of the host to bacteria. They form a web-like structure that can immobilize microorganisms or exhibit direct antimicrobial properties, such as releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). NETs are established when neutrophils undergo a sort of cellular death following exposure to ROS, chemokines, cytokines, or other soluble factors. This process results in the release of the neutrophil's DNA in a web-like form, which is decorated with citrullinated histones (H3/H4-cit), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Emerging studies have put into perspective that NETs play an important role in oncology as they were shown to influence tumor growth, malignant initiation, and proliferation, mediate the transition from endothelial to mesenchymal tissue, stimulate angiogenesis or metastasis, and can even help cancer cells evade the immune response. The role of NETs in cancer therapy resides in their ability to form and act as a mechanical barrier that will provide the primary tumor with a reduced response to irradiation or pharmaceutical penetration. Subsequently, cancer cells are shown to internalize NETs and use them as a strong antioxidant when pharmaceutical treatment is administered. In this review, we explored the role of NETs as part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in the context of malignant epitheliomas, which are capable of an autonomous production of CA215, a subvariant of IgG, and part of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) superfamily. Studies have shown that CA215 has a functional Fc subdivision able to activate the Fc-gamma-RS receptor on the surface of neutrophils. This activation may afterward stimulate the production of NETs, thus indicating CA215 as a potential factor in cancer therapy surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Emanuel Himcinschi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentina Uscatescu
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Georgiana Gherghe
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Irina Stoian
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruța Popa
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Coriu
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.E.H.); (A.A.)
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10
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Tong Q, Zhou J. Construction of a 12-gene prognostic model for colorectal cancer based on heat shock protein-related genes. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2290913. [PMID: 38191150 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2290913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been shown to influence tumor prognosis, but their prognostic significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. This study explored the prognostic significance of HSP-related genes in CRC. Transcriptional data and clinical information of CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a literature search was conducted to identify HSP-related genes. Using Least Absolute Selection and Shrinkage Operator (LASSO) regression and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses, 12 HSP-related genes demonstrating significant associations with CRC survival were successfully identified and employed to formulate a predictive risk score model. The efficacy and precision of this model were validated utilizing TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, demonstrating its reliability in CRC prognosis prediction. gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed significant disparities between high- and low-risk groups in chromatin remodeling biological functions and neutrophil extracellular trap formation pathways. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) further revealed differences in immune cell types and immune functional status between the two risk groups. Differential analysis showed higher expression of immune checkpoints within the low-risk group, while the high-risk group exhibited notably higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores. Additionally, we predicted the sensitivity of different prognosis risk patients to various drugs, providing potential drug choices for tailored treatment. Combined, our study successfully crafted a novel CRC prognostic model that can effectively predict patient survival, immune landscape, and treatment response, providing important support and guidance for CRC patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Junchao Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua, China
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11
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Hu Y, Wang H, Liu Y. NETosis: Sculpting tumor metastasis and immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:263-279. [PMID: 37712361 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The process of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, called NETosis, is a peculiar death modality of neutrophils, which was first observed as an immune response against bacterial infection. However, recent work has revealed the unique biology of NETosis in facilitating tumor metastatic process. Neutrophil extracellular traps released by the tumor microenvironment (TME) shield tumor cells from cytotoxic immunity, leading to impaired tumor clearance. Besides, tumor cells tapped by NETs enable to travel through vessels and subsequently seed distant organs. Targeted ablation of NETosis has been proven to be beneficial in potentiating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in the metastatic settings. This review outlines the impact of NETosis at almost all stages of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, understanding the multifaceted interplay between NETosis and the TME components is crucial for supporting the rational development of highly effective combination immunotherapeutic strategies with anti-NETosis for patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Houhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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12
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O’Meara CH, Nguyen TV, Jafri Z, Boyer M, Shonka DC, Khachigian LM. Personalised Medicine and the Potential Role of Electrospinning for Targeted Immunotherapeutics in Head and Neck Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:6. [PMID: 38202461 PMCID: PMC10780990 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is functionally and aesthetically destructive, and despite significant advances in therapy, overall survival is poor, financial toxicity is high, and treatment commonly exacerbates tissue damage. Although response and durability concerns remain, antibody-based immunotherapies have heralded a paradigm shift in systemic treatment. To overcome limitations associated with antibody-based immunotherapies, exploration into de novo and repurposed small molecule immunotherapies is expanding at a rapid rate. Small molecule immunotherapies also have the capacity for chelation to biodegradable, bioadherent, electrospun scaffolds. This article focuses on the novel concept of targeted, sustained release immunotherapies and their potential to improve outcomes in poorly accessible and risk for positive margin HNC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H. O’Meara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia
- ANU School of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Zuhayr Jafri
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Z.J.)
| | - Michael Boyer
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - David C. Shonka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Levon M. Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (Z.J.)
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13
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O'Meara CH, Jafri Z, Khachigian LM. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Small-Molecule Immunotherapies and the Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Therapeutic Strategies for Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11695. [PMID: 37511453 PMCID: PMC10380483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types, including head and neck cancers (HNC). When checkpoint and partner proteins bind, these send an "off" signal to T cells, which prevents the immune system from destroying tumor cells. However, in HNC, and indeed many other cancers, more people do not respond and/or suffer from toxic effects than those who do respond. Hence, newer, more effective approaches are needed. The challenge to durable therapy lies in a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between immune cells, tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. This will help develop therapies that promote lasting tumorlysis by overcoming T-cell exhaustion. Here we explore the strengths and limitations of current ICI therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We also review emerging small-molecule immunotherapies and the growing promise of neutrophil extracellular traps in controlling tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H O'Meara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Zuhayr Jafri
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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