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Shang C, Hou Q, Qiao G, Tian T, Wen X. CpSPL10-CpELF4 module involves in the negative regulation of flower bud differentiation in Chinese cherry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135964. [PMID: 39322142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) genes play a crucial role in regulating floral induction. Despite such importance, a comprehensive study of SPLs in Chinese cherry flower bud development has been absent. In this study, 32 CpSPL genes were identified. According to expression profiling, CpSPLs exhibited tissue-specific expression and distinct trends throughout flower bud differentiation. Specifically, CpSPL10 was greatly expressed at the beginning of the differentiation, and its role was further investigated. Its overexpression extended the vegetative growth of transgenic tobacco plants, delayed flowering by about 20 days. Moreover, the accumulation of NbELF4 (Early flowering 4) transcripts was enhanced due to the up-regulated levels of CpSPL10 in tobacco plants. ELF4 functions as a major element of the circadian clock; its high expression typically delays the transition from vegetative-to-reproductive growth. Further experiments revealed that CpSPL10 interacts with CpSPL9 or a transposase-derived transcription factor CpFRS5 (FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE 5) and activates the expression of the downstream gene CpELF4. Notably, the GUS fusing reporter assay detected the activation of CpSPL10 and CpELF4 promoters in shoot apical meristems of transgenic Arabidopsis. These findings revealed the negative regulation of the CpSPL10-CpELF4 module in flower bud differentiation, providing references for supplementing the specific relationships among SPL, FRS, and ELF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Shang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Sun X, Zhang L, Xu W, Zheng J, Yan M, Zhao M, Wang X, Yin Y. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Peanut SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein-like Gene Family and How AhSPL5 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1057. [PMID: 38674467 PMCID: PMC11055087 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
SPL (SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like), as one family of plant transcription factors, plays an important function in plant growth and development and in response to environmental stresses. Despite SPL gene families having been identified in various plant species, the understanding of this gene family in peanuts remains insufficient. In this study, thirty-eight genes (AhSPL1-AhSPL38) were identified and classified into seven groups based on a phylogenetic analysis. In addition, a thorough analysis indicated that the AhSPL genes experienced segmental duplications. The analysis of the gene structure and protein motif patterns revealed similarities in the structure of exons and introns, as well as the organization of the motifs within the same group, thereby providing additional support to the conclusions drawn from the phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of the regulatory elements and RNA-seq data suggested that the AhSPL genes might be widely involved in peanut growth and development, as well as in response to environmental stresses. Furthermore, the expression of some AhSPL genes, including AhSPL5, AhSPL16, AhSPL25, and AhSPL36, were induced by drought and salt stresses. Notably, the expression of the AhSPL genes might potentially be regulated by regulatory factors with distinct functionalities, such as transcription factors ERF, WRKY, MYB, and Dof, and microRNAs, like ahy-miR156. Notably, the overexpression of AhSPL5 can enhance salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by enhancing its ROS-scavenging capability and positively regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes. These results provide insight into the evolutionary origin of plant SPL genes and how they enhance plant tolerance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinyu Wang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China; (X.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yan Yin
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China; (X.S.); (L.Z.); (W.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Y.); (M.Z.)
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Wu JW, Zhao ZY, Hu RC, Huang YF. Genome-wide identification, stress- and hormone-responsive expression characteristics, and regulatory pattern analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis SbSPLs. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:20. [PMID: 38363403 PMCID: PMC10873456 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKEs (SPLs) encode plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth and development, stress response, and metabolite accumulation. However, there is limited information on Scutellaria baicalensis SPLs. In this study, 14 SbSPLs were identified and divided into 8 groups based on phylogenetic relationships. SbSPLs in the same group had similar structures. Abscisic acid-responsive (ABRE) and MYB binding site (MBS) cis-acting elements were found in the promoters of 8 and 6 SbSPLs. Segmental duplications and transposable duplications were the main causes of SbSPL expansion. Expression analysis based on transcriptional profiling showed that SbSPL1, SbSPL10, and SbSPL13 were highly expressed in roots, stems, and flowers, respectively. Expression analysis based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) showed that most SbSPLs responded to low temperature, drought, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), among which the expression levels of SbSPL7/9/10/12 were significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stress. These results indicate that SbSPLs are involved in the growth, development and stress response of S. baicalensis. In addition, 8 Sba-miR156/157 s were identified, and SbSPL1-5 was a potential target of Sba-miR156/157 s. The results of target gene prediction and coexpression analysis together indicated that SbSPLs may be involved in the regulation of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), lignin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. In summary, the identification and characterization of the SbSPL gene family lays the foundation for functional research and provides a reference for improved breeding of S. baicalensis stress resistance and quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Ren-Chuan Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China.
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Fan E, Liu C, Wang Z, Wang S, Ma W, Lu N, Liu Y, Fu P, Wang R, Lv S, Qu G, Wang J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-like ( SPL) Transcription Factor Family in Catalpabungei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:97. [PMID: 38203267 PMCID: PMC10779025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a plant-specific transcription factor, the SPL gene family plays a critical role in plant growth and development. Although the SPL gene family has been identified in diverse plant species, there have been no genome-wide identification or systematic study reports on the SPL gene family in Catalpa bungei. In this study, we identified 19 putative SPL gene family members in the C. bungei genome. According to the phylogenetic relationship, they can be divided into eight groups, and the genes in the same group have a similar gene structure and conserved motifs. Synteny analysis showed that fragment duplication played an important role in the expansion of the CbuSPL gene family. At the same time, CbuSPL genes have cis-acting elements and functions related to light response, hormone response, growth and development, and stress response. Tissue-specific expression and developmental period-specific expression analysis showed that CbuSPL may be involved in flowering initiation and development, flowering transition, and leaf development. In addition, the ectopic expression of CbuSPL4 in Arabidopsis confirmed that it can promote early flowering and induce the expression of related flowering genes. These systematic research results will lay a foundation for further study on the functional analysis of SPL genes in C. bungei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Caixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Wenjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Pengyue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Siyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (E.F.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (Y.L.); (P.F.); (R.W.); (S.L.); (G.Q.)
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Innovation Alliance of Catalpa bungei, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.W.); (W.M.); (N.L.)
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Zhou L, Yarra R. Genome-Wide Analysis of SPL/miR156 Module and Its Expression Analysis in Vegetative and Reproductive Organs of Oil Palm ( Elaeis guineensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13658. [PMID: 37686464 PMCID: PMC10488160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The SPL (SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like) gene family is one of the largest plant transcription factors and is known to be involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress responses. The genome-wide analysis of SPL gene members in a diverse range of crops has been elucidated. However, none of the genome-wide studies on the SPL gene family have been carried out for oil palm, an important oil-yielding plant. In this research, a total of 24 EgSPL genes were identified via a genome-wide approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the EgSPLs are closely related to the Arabidopsis and rice SPL gene members. EgSPL genes were mapped onto the only nine chromosomes of the oil palm genome. Motif analysis revealed conservation of the SBP domain and the occurrence of 1-10 motifs in EgSPL gene members. Gene duplication analysis demonstrated the tandem duplication of SPL members in the oil palm genome. Heatmap analysis indicated the significant expression of SPL genes in shoot and flower organs of oil palm plants. Among the identified EgSPL genes, a total 14 EgSPLs were shown to be targets of miR156. Real-time PCR analysis of 14 SPL genes showed that most of the EgSPL genes were more highly expressed in female and male inflorescences of oil palm plants than in vegetative tissues. Altogether, the present study revealed the significant role of EgSPL genes in inflorescence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhou
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Rajesh Yarra
- Department of Plant and Agroecosytem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
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Zhao X, Zhang M, He X, Zheng Q, Huang Y, Li Y, Ahmad S, Liu D, Lan S, Liu Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SPL Gene Family in Three Orchids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10039. [PMID: 37373185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SPL transcription factors regulate important processes such as plant growth and development, metabolic regulation, and abiotic stress. They play crucial roles in the development of flower organs. However, little is known about the characteristics and functions of the SPLs in the Orchidaceae. In this study, Cymbidium goeringii Rchb. f., Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl., and Gastrodia elata BI. were used as research objects. The SPL gene family of these orchids was analyzed on a genome-wide scale, and their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression patterns were studied. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR methods were combined to investigate the regulatory effect of SPLs on the development of flower organs during the flowering process (bud, initial bloom, and full bloom). This study identifies a total of 43 SPLs from C. goeringii (16), D. chrysotoxum (17), and G. elata (10) and divides them into eight subfamilies according to the phylogenetic tree. Most SPL proteins contained conserved SBP domains and complex gene structures; half of the genes had introns longer than 10 kb. The largest number and variety of cis-acting elements associated with light reactions were enriched, accounting for about 45% of the total (444/985); 13/43 SPLs contain response elements of miRNA156. GO enrichment analysis showed that the functions of most SPLs were mainly enriched in the development of plant flower organs and stems. In addition, expression patterns and qRT-PCR analysis suggested the involvement of SPL genes in the regulation of flower organ development in orchids. There was little change in the expression of the CgoSPL in C. goeringii, but DchSPL9 and GelSPL2 showed significant expression during the flowering process of D. chrysotoxum and G. elata, respectively. In summary, this paper provides a reference for exploring the regulation of the SPL gene family in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingkun Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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