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Qiao R, Guo J, Zhang C, Wang S, Fang J, Geng R, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Diabetes-induced muscle wasting: molecular mechanisms and promising therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39049742 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a serious public health crisis, presenting significant challenges to individuals worldwide. As the largest organ in the human body, skeletal muscle is a significant target of this chronic disease, yet muscle wasting as a complication of diabetes is still not fully understood and effective treatment methods have yet to be developed. Here, we discuss the targets involved in inducing muscle wasting under diabetic conditions, both validated targets and emerging targets. Diabetes-induced skeletal muscle wasting is known to involve changes in various signaling molecules and pathways, such as protein degradation pathways, protein synthesis pathways, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress inflammation. Recent studies have shown that some of these present potential as promising therapeutic targets, including the neuregulin 1/epidermal growth factor receptor family, advanced glycation end-products, irisin, ferroptosis, growth differentiation factor 15 and more. This study's investigation and discussion of such pathways and their potential applications provides a theoretical basis for the development of clinical treatments for diabetes-induced muscle wasting and a foundation for continued focus on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Sirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muangun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
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Arabi TZ, Fakhoury HMA, Tamim H, Chun RF, Hewison M, AlAnouti F, Pilz S, Annweiler C, Tzimagiorgis G, Haitoglou C, Karras SN. Associations between total, free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D forms with adiponectin and irisin in maternal-neonatal pairs at birth from Greece. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1397869. [PMID: 39036056 PMCID: PMC11257903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1397869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Apart from the well-established skeletal effects, vitamin D has been explored as a secretagogue influencing various adipokines, including adiponectin and irisin. Recent evidence suggests that specific forms of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OHD), such as free and bioavailable 25(OH)D, may provide more accurate measurements of vitamin D status. The relationship between vitamin D status and serum irisin and adiponectin concentrations remains largely unexplored, particularly during pregnancy. Methods We analyzed data from 67 healthy maternal-neonatal pairs from Northern Greece at birth. Biochemical and hormonal tests were conducted on each maternal-neonatal pair. The vitamin D forms were estimated using validated mathematical models. Subsequently, regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the vitamin D forms and adipokine levels. Results Bioavailable maternal 25(OH)D was inversely associated with neonatal irisin concentrations [β=-73.46 (-140.573 to -6.341), p=0.034]. No other associations were observed between maternal vitamin D status and neonatal adipokine concentrations. Conclusion In conclusion, maternal bioavailable vitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with neonatal serum irisin concentrations, warranting further studies to evaluate the underlying mechanisms for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ziad Arabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M. A. Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rene F. Chun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fatme AlAnouti
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Haitoglou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyridon N. Karras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhang P, Zhong J, Liu X, Sun W. The association between dynamic changes in vitamin D and frailty alterations: A prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38923848 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome associated with reduced reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors among older adults. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in frailty, as it is essential for maintaining musculoskeletal functions. The relationship between dynamic changes in vitamin D levels and frailty over time has not been extensively studied. METHODS This study utilized data from the UK Biobank. Baseline and longitudinal changes in vitamin D levels were measured. Frailty status was assessed using both the frailty phenotype and frailty index approaches and classified as robust, pre-frail, or frail. Changes in frailty status were assessed by frailty phenotype at baseline (2006-2010) and the follow-up (2012-2013). Mixed effect model was performed to examine the association between vitamin D levels and frailty status. Using multistate transition models, we assessed the impact of increasing vitamin D levels on the probabilities of transitioning between robust, pre-frail, and frail states. RESULTS Based on the frailty phenotype, 287 926 individuals (64.8%) were identified as having various degrees of frailty (median age 58.00 [51.00, 64.00] years, 55.9% females). Using the frailty index approach, 250 566 individuals (56%) were found to have different levels of frailty (median age 59.00 [51.00, 64.00] years, 55.3% females). Baseline vitamin D levels were found to be significantly associated with frailty status (frailty phenotype: ORfrail 0.78, 95% CI [0.76, 0.79], P < 0.001; frailty index: ORfrail 0.80, 95% CI [0.78, 0.81], P < 0.001). Dynamic changes in vitamin D levels were also found to be associated with changes in frailty over time. Furthermore, increasing vitamin D levels were associated with a transition from frailty to a healthier status. A higher degree of vitamin D (estimated at 1 nmol/L) was associated with a lower risk of transitioning from robust to prefrail (HR 0.997, 95% CI [0.995, 0.999]) and from prefrail to frail (HR 0.992, 95% CI [0.988, 0.995]). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of vitamin D in the context of frailty. Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased frailty risk, while increasing vitamin D levels may contribute to improving frailty status. Recognizing the relationship between vitamin D levels and frailty can inform personalized management and early interventions for frail individuals. Further research is needed to explore the potential effects of vitamin D interventions on frailty and deepen our understanding of the biological connections between vitamin D and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinghui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Kim SH, Kim SE, Kim S, Ahn MB, Cho WK, Cho KS, Jung MH. The association of serum irisin with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1326851. [PMID: 38333723 PMCID: PMC10850566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1326851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is an adipomyokine secreted by muscle and adipose cells, and it plays a role in glucose, fat, and bone metabolism. This study aimed to determine the correlation of serum irisin levels with anthropometric, metabolic, and bone parameters in obese children and adolescents. Methods This single-center study included 103 Korean children and adolescents: 54 (52.4%) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 49 (47.6%) healthy controls with BMI within the 15th to 85th percentile. Various parameters were measured, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, lipid profile, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and 25(OH)-Vitamin D levels. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 33 healthy subjects. Results Serum irisin was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (mean 18.1 ± 3.5 vs. 16.2 ± 2.0 ng/mL; p = 0.001). Serum irisin level was positively correlated with chronological age (r = 0.28; p = 0.004), height SDS (r = 0.24; p = 0.02), BMI SDS (r = 0.37; p < 0. 001), fasting glucose (r = 0.27; p = 0.007), fasting insulin (r = 0.23; p = 0.03), HOMA-IR (r = 0.21; p = 0.04), osteocalcin (r = 0.27; p = 0.006) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.29; p = 0.005). All these correlations were evident in obese subjects but not in healthy subjects. ALP and 25(OH)-Vitamin D were unrelated to irisin levels. Among 33 healthy subjects, total body-less head (TBLH) BMD Z-score was positively correlated with serum irisin (r = 0.39; p = 0.03), osteocalcin (r = 0.40; p = 0.02), fasting insulin (r = 0.39; p = 0.04), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.38; p = 0.047). Conclusion This study demonstrated an association between irisin levels and glucose, lipid, and bone parameters in children and adolescents. Our findings suggest that irisin has a potential role in metabolic disorders and bone health in obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Bae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Dong H, Lv X, Gao P, Hao Y. Potential role of irisin in lung diseases and advances in research. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1307651. [PMID: 38143500 PMCID: PMC10746167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1307651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a myokine, is secreted by the movement of skeletal muscles. It plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance, anti-inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone metabolism. Several studies have reported that irisin-related signaling pathways play a critical role in the treatment of various diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, the potential role of irisin in lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, lung cancer, and their associated complications, has received increasing attention. This article aims to explore the role of irisin in lung diseases, primarily focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may serve as a marker for the diagnosis as well as a potential target for the treatment of lung diseases, thus providing new strategies for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Esin K, Batirel S, Ülfer G, Yigit P, Sanlier N. Association of Serum Irisin Levels with Body Composition, Metabolic Profile, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Lean and Obese Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1954. [PMID: 38004003 PMCID: PMC10673282 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Irisin is an adipo-myokine with potential metabolic effects in the body, and its association with childhood obesity is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic profiles, leptin, and adiponectin in obese and normal-weight children. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 80 children aged 6-10, including 44 obese children (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) and 36 normal-weight children. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Metabolic profiles, as well as irisin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, were analyzed. Results: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were found to be significantly different between the obese and normal-weight groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese group, while the normal-weight group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels did not differ between the obese and normal-weight groups, or based on sex, vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance status. There was also no statistically significant correlation between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile, leptin, and adiponectin. Conclusions: The study concluded that the obese children who participated in this study had high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels, with no significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups. More comprehensive clinical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between irisin and adipokines in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Esin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat 60250, Türkiye
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye;
| | - Gözde Ülfer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34214, Türkiye;
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Department of Statistical Analysis and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye;
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara 06050, Türkiye;
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Lim JY, Kim E. The Role of Organokines in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Their Functions as Molecular Transducers of Nutrition and Exercise. Metabolites 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 37755259 PMCID: PMC10537761 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining systemic homeostasis requires the coordination of different organs and tissues in the body. Our bodies rely on complex inter-organ communications to adapt to perturbations or changes in metabolic homeostasis. Consequently, the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues produce and secrete specific organokines such as hepatokines, myokines, and adipokines in response to nutritional and environmental stimuli. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the interplay of organokines between organs is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Strategies aimed at remodeling organokines may be effective therapeutic interventions. Diet modification and exercise have been established as the first-line therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on organokines secreted by the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues in obesity and T2D. Additionally, we highlighted the effects of diet/nutrition and exercise on the remodeling of organokines in obesity and T2D. Specifically, we investigated the ameliorative effects of caloric restriction, selective nutrients including ω3 PUFAs, selenium, vitamins, and metabolites of vitamins, and acute/chronic exercise on the dysregulation of organokines in obesity and T2D. Finally, this study dissected the underlying molecular mechanisms by which nutrition and exercise regulate the expression and secretion of organokines in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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