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Wallace EL, Goker-Alpan O, Wilcox WR, Holida M, Bernat J, Longo N, Linhart A, Hughes DA, Hopkin RJ, Tøndel C, Langeveld M, Giraldo P, Pisani A, Germain DP, Mehta A, Deegan PB, Molnar MJ, Ortiz D, Jovanovic A, Muriello M, Barshop BA, Kimonis V, Vujkovac B, Nowak A, Geberhiwot T, Kantola I, Knoll J, Waldek S, Nedd K, Karaa A, Brill-Almon E, Alon S, Chertkoff R, Rocco R, Sakov A, Warnock DG. Head-to-head trial of pegunigalsidase alfa versus agalsidase beta in patients with Fabry disease and deteriorating renal function: results from the 2-year randomised phase III BALANCE study. J Med Genet 2024; 61:520-530. [PMID: 37940383 PMCID: PMC11137442 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pegunigalsidase alfa is a PEGylated α-galactosidase A enzyme replacement therapy. BALANCE (NCT02795676) assessed non-inferiority of pegunigalsidase alfa versus agalsidase beta in adults with Fabry disease with an annualised estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope more negative than -2 mL/min/1.73 m2/year who had received agalsidase beta for ≥1 year. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive 1 mg/kg pegunigalsidase alfa or agalsidase beta every 2 weeks for 2 years. The primary efficacy analysis assessed non-inferiority based on median annualised eGFR slope differences between treatment arms. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients received either pegunigalsidase alfa (n=52) or agalsidase beta (n=25). At baseline, mean (range) age was 44 (18-60) years, 47 (61%) patients were male, median eGFR was 74.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and median (range) eGFR slope was -7.3 (-30.5, 6.3) mL/min/1.73 m2/year. At 2 years, the difference between median eGFR slopes was -0.36 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, meeting the prespecified non-inferiority margin. Minimal changes were observed in lyso-Gb3 concentrations in both treatment arms at 2 years. Proportions of patients experiencing treatment-related adverse events and mild or moderate infusion-related reactions were similar in both groups, yet exposure-adjusted rates were 3.6-fold and 7.8-fold higher, respectively, with agalsidase beta than pegunigalsidase alfa. At the end of the study, neutralising antibodies were detected in 7 out of 47 (15%) pegunigalsidase alfa-treated patients and 6 out of 23 (26%) agalsidase beta-treated patients. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS Based on rate of eGFR decline over 2 years, pegunigalsidase alfa was non-inferior to agalsidase beta. Pegunigalsidase alfa had lower rates of treatment-emergent adverse events and mild or moderate infusion-related reactions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02795676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Wallace
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal and Rare Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Inc, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - William R Wilcox
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Myrl Holida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John Bernat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Aleš Linhart
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Derralynn A Hughes
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Department of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mirjam Langeveld
- Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Giraldo
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Public Health, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ankit Mehta
- Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick B Deegan
- Lysosmal Disorders Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University Clinical Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Damara Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana Jovanovic
- Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Muriello
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bruce A Barshop
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bojan Vujkovac
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ilkka Kantola
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Khan Nedd
- Infusion Associates, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Amel Karaa
- Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sari Alon
- Product Development, Protalix Biotherapeutics, Carmiel, Israel
| | | | | | | | - David G Warnock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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2
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Hay Mele B, Rossetti F, Cubellis MV, Monticelli M, Andreotti G. Drug Repurposing and Lysosomal Storage Disorders: A Trick to Treat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:290. [PMID: 38540351 PMCID: PMC10970111 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases, or orphan diseases, are defined as diseases affecting a small number of people compared to the general population. Among these, we find lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), a cluster of rare metabolic diseases characterized by enzyme mutations causing abnormal glycolipid storage. Drug repositioning involves repurposing existing approved drugs for new therapeutic applications, offering advantages in cost, time savings, and a lower risk of failure. We present a comprehensive analysis of existing drugs, their repurposing potential, and their clinical implications in the context of LSDs, highlighting the necessity of mutation-specific approaches. Our review systematically explores the landscape of drug repositioning as a means to enhance LSDs therapies. The findings advocate for the strategic repositioning of drugs, accentuating its role in expediting the discovery of effective treatments. We conclude that drug repurposing represents a viable pathway for accelerating therapeutic discovery for LSDs, emphasizing the need for the careful evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity in disease-specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (B.H.M.); (F.R.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Federica Rossetti
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (B.H.M.); (F.R.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (B.H.M.); (F.R.); (M.V.C.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Stazione Zoologica “Anton Dohrn”, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monticelli
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (B.H.M.); (F.R.); (M.V.C.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
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3
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Malinowska M, Nowicka W, Kloska A, Węgrzyn G, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J. Efficacy of a Combination Therapy with Laronidase and Genistein in Treating Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2371. [PMID: 38397051 PMCID: PMC10889377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by α-L-iduronidase deficiency. The standard treatment, enzyme replacement therapy with laronidase, has limited effectiveness in treating neurological symptoms due to poor blood-brain barrier penetration. An alternative is substrate reduction therapy using molecules, such as genistein, which crosses this barrier. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combination of laronidase and genistein in a mouse model of MPS I. Over 12 weeks, MPS I and wild-type mice received laronidase, genistein, or both. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) storage in visceral organs and the brain, its excretion in urine, and the serum level of the heparin cofactor II-thrombin (HCII-T) complex, along with behavior, were assessed. The combination therapy resulted in reduced GAG storage in the heart and liver, whereas genistein alone reduced the brain GAG storage. Laronidase and combination therapy decreased liver and spleen weights and significantly reduced GAG excretion in the urine. However, this therapy negated some laronidase benefits in the HCII-T levels. Importantly, the combination therapy improved the behavior of female mice with MPS I. These findings offer valuable insights for future research to optimize MPS I treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Anna Kloska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
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4
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Dratch L, Azage M, Baldwin A, Johnson K, Paul RA, Bardakjian TM, Michon SC, Amado DA, Baer M, Deik AF, Elman LB, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Guo MH, Hamedani AG, Irwin DJ, Lasker A, Orthmann-Murphy J, Quinn C, Tropea TF, Scherer SS, Ellis CA. Genetic testing in adults with neurologic disorders: indications, approach, and clinical impacts. J Neurol 2024; 271:733-747. [PMID: 37891417 PMCID: PMC11095966 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of genetic testing in neurologic clinical practice has increased dramatically in recent years, driven by research on genetic causes of neurologic disease and increased availability of genetic sequencing technology. Genetic testing is now indicated for adults with a wide range of common neurologic conditions. The potential clinical impacts of a genetic diagnosis are also rapidly expanding, with a growing list of gene-specific treatments and clinical trials, in addition to important implications for prognosis, surveillance, family planning, and diagnostic closure. The goals of this review are to provide practical guidance for clinicians about the role of genetics in their practice and to provide the neuroscience research community with a broad survey of current progress in this field. We aim to answer three questions for the neurologist in practice: Which of my patients need genetic testing? What testing should I order? And how will genetic testing help my patient? We focus on common neurologic disorders and presentations to the neurology clinic. For each condition, we review the most current guidelines and evidence regarding indications for genetic testing, expected diagnostic yield, and recommended testing approach. We also focus on clinical impacts of genetic diagnoses, highlighting a number of gene-specific therapies recently approved for clinical use, and a rapidly expanding landscape of gene-specific clinical trials, many using novel nucleotide-based therapeutic modalities like antisense oligonucleotides and gene transfer. We anticipate that more widespread use of genetic testing will help advance therapeutic development and improve the care, and outcomes, of patients with neurologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laynie Dratch
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meron Azage
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aaron Baldwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rachel A Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tanya M Bardakjian
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Sarepta Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sara-Claude Michon
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Defne A Amado
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Baer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andres F Deik
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lauren B Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Spark Therapeutics Inc, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael H Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ali G Hamedani
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aaron Lasker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Orthmann-Murphy
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Colin Quinn
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Colin A Ellis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce St, 3 West Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Zahmanova G, Aljabali AAA, Takova K, Minkov G, Tambuwala MM, Minkov I, Lomonossoff GP. Green Biologics: Harnessing the Power of Plants to Produce Pharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17575. [PMID: 38139405 PMCID: PMC10743837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are increasingly used for the production of high-quality biological molecules for use as pharmaceuticals and biomaterials in industry. Plants have proved that they can produce life-saving therapeutic proteins (Elelyso™-Gaucher's disease treatment, ZMapp™-anti-Ebola monoclonal antibodies, seasonal flu vaccine, Covifenz™-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine); however, some of these therapeutic proteins are difficult to bring to market, which leads to serious difficulties for the manufacturing companies. The closure of one of the leading companies in the sector (the Canadian biotech company Medicago Inc., producer of Covifenz) as a result of the withdrawal of investments from the parent company has led to the serious question: What is hindering the exploitation of plant-made biologics to improve health outcomes? Exploring the vast potential of plants as biological factories, this review provides an updated perspective on plant-derived biologics (PDB). A key focus is placed on the advancements in plant-based expression systems and highlighting cutting-edge technologies that streamline the production of complex protein-based biologics. The versatility of plant-derived biologics across diverse fields, such as human and animal health, industry, and agriculture, is emphasized. This review also meticulously examines regulatory considerations specific to plant-derived biologics, shedding light on the disparities faced compared to biologics produced in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Zahmanova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Katerina Takova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
| | - George Minkov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Ivan Minkov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
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6
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Larizza L, Cubellis MV. Rare Diseases: Implementation of Molecular Diagnosis, Pathogenesis Insights and Precision Medicine Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109064. [PMID: 37240412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare Diseases (RD) do not have an exact definition since local authorities define the criteria in different ways, from fewer than 5 people in 10,000, according to the European Union, to the standard world average of 40 cases per 100,000 people [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Larizza
- Experimental Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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7
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Gatterer C, Beitzke D, Graf S, Lenz M, Sunder-Plassmann G, Mann C, Ponleitner M, Manka R, Fritschi D, Krayenbuehl PA, Kamm P, Dormond O, Barbey F, Monney P, Nowak A. Long-Term Monitoring of Cardiac Involvement under Migalastat Treatment Using Magnetic Resonance Tomography in Fabry Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051213. [PMID: 37240859 DOI: 10.3390/life13051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fabry cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, arrhythmia, and premature death. Treatment with migalastat, an oral pharmacological chaperone, was associated with a stabilization of cardiac biomarkers and a reduction in left ventricular mass index, as measured by echocardiography. A recent study, using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the gold standard, found a stable course of myocardial involvement after 18 months of treatment with migalastat. Our study aimed to provide long-term CMR data for the treatment with migalastat. Methods: A total of 11 females and four males with pathogenic amenable GLA mutations were treated with migalastat and underwent 1.5T CMR imaging for routine treatment effect monitoring. The main outcome was a long-term myocardial structural change, reflected by CMR. Results: After migalastat treatment initiation, left ventricular mass index, end diastolic volume, interventricular septal thickness, posterior wall thickness, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and plasma lyso-Gb3 remained stable during the median follow-up time of 34 months (min.: 25; max.: 47). The T1 relaxation times, reflecting glycosphingolipid accumulation and subsequent processes up to fibrosis, fluctuated over the time without a clear trend. No new onset of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) areas, reflecting local fibrosis or scar formation of the myocardium, could be detected. However, patients with initially present LGE showed an increase in LGE as a percentage of left ventricular mass. The median α-galactosidase A enzymatic activity increased from 37.3% (IQR 5.88-89.3) to 105% (IQR 37.2-177) of the lower limit of the respective reference level (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Our study confirms an overall stable course of LVMi in patients with FD, treated with migalastat. However, individual patients may experience disease progression, especially those who present with fibrosis of the myocardium already at the time of therapy initiation. Thus, a regular treatment re-evaluation including CMR is needed to provide the optimal management for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Gatterer
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Senta Graf
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Max Lenz
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gere Sunder-Plassmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Mann
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Ponleitner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Manka
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fritschi
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Krayenbuehl
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kamm
- Radiology Department, Spital Langenthal, 4900 Langenthal, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Dormond
- Department of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Barbey
- Department of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Monney
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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