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Li C, Shi K, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhai Q, Hou X, Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Wu X, Fan W. Natural-source payloads used in the conjugated drugs architecture for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107341. [PMID: 39134188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are obtained from tumor-located vectors connected to cytotoxic agents via linkers, which are designed to deliver hyper-toxic payloads directly to targeted cancer cells. These drug conjugates include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), nucleic acid aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and virus-like drug conjugate (VDCs), which show great therapeutic value in the clinic. Drug conjugates consist of a targeting carrier, a linker, and a payload. Payloads are key therapy components. Cytotoxic molecules and their derivatives derived from natural products are commonly used in the payload portion of conjugates. The ideal payload should have sufficient toxicity, stability, coupling sites, and the ability to be released under specific conditions to kill tumor cells. Microtubule protein inhibitors, DNA damage agents, and RNA inhibitors are common cytotoxic molecules. Among these conjugates, cytotoxic molecules of natural origin are summarized based on their mechanism of action, conformational relationships, and the discovery of new derivatives. This paper also mentions some cytotoxic molecules that have the potential to be payloads. It also summarizes the latest technologies and novel conjugates developed in recent years to overcome the shortcomings of ADCs, PDCs, SMDCs, ApDCs, and VDCs. In addition, this paper summarizes the clinical trials conducted on conjugates of these cytotoxic molecules over the last five years. It provides a reference for designing and developing safer and more efficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Kourong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Qiaoli Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China; Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
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Zhang B, Wang M, Sun L, Liu J, Yin L, Xia M, Zhang L, Liu X, Cheng Y. Recent Advances in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Are PDCs the Next Generation of ADCs? J Med Chem 2024; 67:11469-11487. [PMID: 38980167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, and linkers, which can integrate the advantages of antibodies and small molecule drugs to achieve targeted cancer treatment. However, ADCs also have some shortcomings, such as non-negligible drug resistance, a low therapeutic index, and payload-related toxicity. Many studies have focused on changing the composition of ADCs, and some have even further extended the concept and types of targeted conjugated drugs by replacing the targeted antibodies in ADCs with peptides, revolutionarily introducing peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs). This Perspective summarizes the current research status of ADCs and PDCs and highlights the structural innovations of ADC components. In particular, PDCs are regarded as the next generation of potential targeted drugs after ADCs, and the current challenges of PDCs are analyzed. Our aim is to offer fresh insights for the efficient design and expedited development of innovative targeted conjugated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Libinghan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
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Yan S, Na J, Liu X, Wu P. Different Targeting Ligands-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:248. [PMID: 38399302 PMCID: PMC10893104 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional tumor treatments have the drawback of harming both tumor cells and normal cells, leading to significant systemic toxic side effects. As a result, there is a pressing need for targeted drug delivery methods that can specifically target cells or tissues. Currently, researchers have made significant progress in developing targeted drug delivery systems for tumor therapy using various targeting ligands. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in targeted drug delivery systems for tumor therapy, focusing on different targeting ligands such as folic acid, carbohydrates, peptides, aptamers, and antibodies. The review also discusses the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of these targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (S.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Jintong Na
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (S.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (S.Y.); (J.N.)
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (S.Y.); (J.N.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Wang M, Liu J, Xia M, Yin L, Zhang L, Liu X, Cheng Y. Peptide-drug conjugates: A new paradigm for targeted cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116119. [PMID: 38194773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are the new hope for targeted therapy after antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Compared with ADCs, the core advantages of PDCs are enhanced tissue penetration, easier chemical synthesis, and lower production costs. Two PDCs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancer. The therapeutic effects of PDCs are remarkable, but PDCs also encounter problems when used as targeted therapeutics, such as poor stability, a short blood circulation time, a long research and development time frame, and a slow clinical development process. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to understand the latest research progress of cancer cells targeting PDC, the solution to its stability problem, the scheme of computer technology to assist its research and development, and the direction of its future development. In this manuscript, based on the structure and function of PDCs, the latest research progress on PDCs from the aspects of cancer cell-targeting peptide (CTP) selection, pharmacokinetic characteristics, stability regulation and so on were systematically reviewed, hoping to highlight the current problems and future development directions of PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Mingjing Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Libinghan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, 050035, PR China.
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China.
| | - Yu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology; College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, PR China.
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Mező G, Gomena J, Ranđelović I, Dókus EL, Kiss K, Pethő L, Schuster S, Vári B, Vári-Mező D, Lajkó E, Polgár L, Kőhidai L, Tóvári J, Szabó I. Oxime-Linked Peptide-Daunomycin Conjugates as Good Tools for Selection of Suitable Homing Devices in Targeted Tumor Therapy: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1864. [PMID: 38339141 PMCID: PMC10855781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still one of the main therapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, its poor selectivity causes severe toxic side effects that, together with the development of drug resistance in tumor cells, results in a limitation for its application. Tumor-targeted drug delivery is a possible choice to overcome these drawbacks. As well as monoclonal antibodies, peptides are promising targeting moieties for drug delivery. However, the development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) is still a big challenge. The main reason is that the conjugates have to be stable in circulation, but the drug or its active metabolite should be released efficiently in the tumor cells. For this purpose, suitable linker systems are needed that connect the drug molecule with the homing peptide. The applied linker systems are commonly categorized as cleavable and non-cleavable linkers. Both the groups possess advantages and disadvantages that are summarized briefly in this manuscript. Moreover, in this review paper, we highlight the benefit of oxime-linked anthracycline-peptide conjugates in the development of PDCs. For instance, straightforward synthesis as well as a conjugation reaction proceed in excellent yields, and the autofluorescence of anthracyclines provides a good tool to select the appropriate homing peptides. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these conjugates can be used properly in in vivo studies. The results indicate that the oxime-linked PDCs are potential candidates for targeted tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Mező
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jacopo Gomena
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
| | - Endre Levente Dókus
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
| | - Krisztina Kiss
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Pethő
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
| | - Sabine Schuster
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Vári-Mező
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Lajkó
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.); (L.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Lívia Polgár
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.); (L.P.); (L.K.)
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (E.L.); (L.P.); (L.K.)
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (I.R.); (B.V.); (J.T.)
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Szabó
- HUN-REN-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.G.); (E.L.D.); (L.P.); (S.S.); (D.V.-M.); (I.S.)
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