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Arampatzis AS, Pampori A, Droutsa E, Laskari M, Karakostas P, Tsalikis L, Barmpalexis P, Dordas C, Assimopoulou AN. Occurrence of Luteolin in the Greek Flora, Isolation of Luteolin and Its Action for the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:7720. [PMID: 38067450 PMCID: PMC10707704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher plants possess the ability to synthesize a great number of compounds with many different functions, known as secondary metabolites. Polyphenols, a class of flavonoids, are secondary metabolites that play a crucial role in plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic environments, including UV radiation, high light intensity, low/high temperatures, and attacks from pathogens, among others. One of the compounds that has received great attention over the last few years is luteolin. The objective of the current paper is to review the extraction and detection methods of luteolin in plants of the Greek flora, as well as their luteolin content. Furthermore, plant species, crop management and environmental factors can affect luteolin content and/or its derivatives. Luteolin exhibits various biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial ones. As a result, luteolin has been employed as a bioactive molecule in numerous applications within the food industry and the biomedical field. Among the different available options for managing periodontitis, dental care products containing herbal compounds have been in the spotlight owing to the beneficial pharmacological properties of the bioactive ingredients. In this context, luteolin's anti-inflammatory activity has been harnessed to combat periodontal disease and promote the restoration of damaged bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S. Arampatzis
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aspasia Pampori
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Droutsa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Maria Laskari
- School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Panagiotis Karakostas
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Dordas
- School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Andreana N. Assimopoulou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Graikou K, Mpishinioti A, Tsafantakis N, Maloupa E, Grigoriadou K, Chinou I. Comparative Phytochemical Analyses of Flowers from Primula veris subsp. veris Growing Wild and from Ex Situ Cultivation in Greece. Foods 2023; 12:2623. [PMID: 37444361 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, Primula veris subsp. veris (roots and flowers) has been over harvested through legal and illegal ways in Greece, due to its extremely high commercial demand, as it is used in industry because of its well-known therapeutic properties. As ex situ cultures of the plant have been already developed, in the current comparative study, the herbal teas (infusions) from both flowers of cowslip growing wild in the Prespa Lake Park (NW Greece), and from ex situ propagated and cultivated plant material, have been investigated, with the ultimate goal of assessing them qualitatively. Furthermore, through classic phytochemical studies, the ten most abundant metabolites, belonging to the chemical categories of flavonol-glycosides and methoxy flavones, have been identified and structurally determined. The chemical profile of both infusions has been further analyzed through UHPLC-HRMS, showing that they show only light differences. The total phenolic content (TPC) of both studied samples (wild and ex situ cultivation), was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, followed by an antioxidant activity assay though DPPH where, in both cases, wild plants exerted higher phenolic load and stronger antioxidative properties. According to the reported results, it could be proposed that the ex situ cultivated plant material could facilitate the mass production of plants and the sustainable cultivation of cowslip in the Greek mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantia Graikou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Mpishinioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsafantakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Maloupa
- Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia-Laboratory for the Conservation and Evaluation of Native and Floricultural Species, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Thermi, P.O. Box 60458, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Grigoriadou
- Balkan Botanic Garden of Kroussia-Laboratory for the Conservation and Evaluation of Native and Floricultural Species, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Thermi, P.O. Box 60458, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chinou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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