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Borovac JA. The Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Atherosclerosis: From Basic Research to Interventional Cardiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4936. [PMID: 38732155 PMCID: PMC11084326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this Special Issue was to collect original pieces as well as state-of-the-art review articles from scientists and research groups with specific interests in atherosclerosis research [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Andelo Borovac
- Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split (KBC Split), 21000 Split, Croatia; ; Tel.: +385-92-172-1314
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Gallucci G, Turazza FM, Inno A, Canale ML, Silvestris N, Farì R, Navazio A, Pinto C, Tarantini L. Atherosclerosis and the Bidirectional Relationship between Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside-Part 1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4232. [PMID: 38673815 PMCID: PMC11049833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a complex metabolic-immune disease characterized by chronic inflammation driven by the buildup of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls, has emerged as a pivotal factor in the intricate interplay between cancer and cardiovascular disease. This bidirectional relationship, marked by shared risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of how these two formidable health challenges intersect and influence each other. Cancer and its treatments can contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis, while atherosclerosis, with its inflammatory microenvironment, can exert profound effects on cancer development and outcomes. Both cancer and cardiovascular disease involve intricate interactions between general and personal exposomes. In this review, we aim to summarize the state of the art of translational data and try to show how oncologic studies on cardiotoxicity can broaden our knowledge of crucial pathways in cardiovascular biology and exert a positive impact on precision cardiology and cardio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Maria Turazza
- Struttura Complessa di Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Inno
- Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Canale
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Versilia Hospital, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G.Barresi”, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Roberto Farì
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Navazio
- Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Department of Specialized Medicine, AUSL—IRCCS in Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carmine Pinto
- Provincial Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, AUSL—IRCCS in Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Luigi Tarantini
- Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Department of Specialized Medicine, AUSL—IRCCS in Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
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Nafee T, Shah A, Forsberg M, Zheng J, Ou J. State-of-art review: intravascular imaging in percutaneous coronary interventions. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2023; 8:227-246. [PMID: 38304487 PMCID: PMC10829907 DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The history of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) reflects the relentless pursuit of innovation in interventional cardiology. These intravascular imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in our understanding of coronary atherosclerosis, vascular pathology, and the interaction of coronary stents with the vessel wall. Two decades of clinical investigations demonstrating the clinical efficacy and safety of intravascular imaging modalities have established these technologies as staples in the contemporary cardiac catheterization lab's toolbox and earning their place in revascularization clinical practice guidelines. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the historical evolution, mechanisms, and technical aspects of IVUS and OCT. We will discuss the expanding evidence supporting their use in complex percutaneous coronary interventions, emphasizing their crucial roles in optimizing patient outcomes and ensuring procedural success. Furthermore, we will explore the substantial advances that have propelled these imaging modalities to the forefront of contemporary interventional cardiology. Finally, we will survey the latest developments in the field and explore the promising future directions that have the potential to further revolutionize coronary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Nafee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Areeb Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael Forsberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Pomona, NJ 08240, USA
| | - Jiafu Ou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Tang Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Sun Z, Qaed E, Chi X, Wang J, Jamalat Y, Geng Z, Tang Z, Yao Q. Protective effects of phosphocreatine on human vascular endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and in the hyperlipidemic rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110683. [PMID: 37648050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphocreatine (PCr) has been shown to have a cardio-protective effect during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, little is known about its impact on atherosclerosis. In this study, we first evaluated the pharmacological effects of PCr on antioxidative defenses and mitochondrial protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) damage. Then we investigated the hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of PCr on hyperlipidemic rat model. Via in vitro studies, H2O2 significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis rate of HUVECs, while pretreatment with PCr abolished its apoptotic effect. PCr could reduce the generation of ROS induced by H2O2. Moreover, PCr could increase the activity of SOD and the content of NO, as well as decrease the activity of LDH and the content of MDA. PCr could also antagonize H2O2-induced up-regulation of Bax, cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-caspase9, and H2O2-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and p-Akt/Akt ratio. In addition, PCr reduced U937 cells' adhesion to H2O2-stimulated HUVECs. Via in vivo study, PCr could decrease MDA, TC, TG and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemic rats. Finally, different-concentration PCr could increase the leaching of TC, HDL, and TG from fresh human atherosclerotic plaques. In conclusion, PCr could suppress H2O2-induced apoptosis in HUVECs and reduce hyperlipidemia through inhibiting ROS generation and modulating dysfunctional mitochondrial system, which might be an effective new therapeutic strategy to further prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zonghui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinming Chi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yazeed Jamalat
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaohong Geng
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road No. 467, Dalian, China.
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qiying Yao
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Petousis S, Skalidis E, Zacharis E, Kochiadakis G, Hamilos M. The Role of Intracoronary Imaging for the Management of Calcified Lesions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4622. [PMID: 37510737 PMCID: PMC10380390 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional cardiologists in everyday practice are often confronted with calcified coronary lesions indicated for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). PTCA of calcified lesions is associated with diverse technical challenges resulting in suboptimal coronary stenting and adverse long-term clinical outcomes. Angiography itself offers limited information regarding coronary calcification, and the adjuvant use of intracoronary imaging such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can guide the treatment of calcified coronary lesions, optimizing the different stages of the procedure. This review offers a description of why, when, and how to use intracoronary imaging for PTCA of calcified coronary lesions in order to obtain the most favorable results. We used the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for relevant articles. Keywords were calcified coronary lesions, intracoronary imaging, IVUS, OCT, coronary calcium modification techniques, PTCA, and artificial intelligence in intracoronary imaging. A total of 192 articles were identified. Ninety-one were excluded because of repetitive or non-important information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Petousis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes and Stavrakia, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Skalidis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes and Stavrakia, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelos Zacharis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes and Stavrakia, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kochiadakis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes and Stavrakia, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Hamilos
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Voutes and Stavrakia, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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