TNFα Activates the Liver X Receptor Signaling Pathway and Promotes Cholesterol Efflux from Human Brain Pericytes Independently of ABCA1

History and Development of ABCA1

ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1) is a key protein in the transport of intracellular cholesterol to the extracellular and plays an important role in reducing cholesterol accumulation in surrounding tissues. Bibliometric analysis refers to the cross-science of quantitative analysis of a variety of documents by mathematical and statistical methods. It combines an analysis of structural and temporal patterns in scholarly publications with a description of topic concentration and types of uncertainty. This paper analyzes the history, hotspot, and development trend of ABCA1 through bibliometrics. It will provide readers with the research status and development trend of ABCA1 and help the hot research in this field explore new research directions. After screening, the research on ABCA1 is still in a hot phase in the past 20 years. ABCA1 is emerging in previously unrelated disciplines such as cancer. There were 551 keywords and 6888 breakout citations counted by CiteSpace. The relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease has been linked by ABCA1. This review will guide readers who are not familiar with ABCA1 research to quickly understand the development process of ABCA1 and provide researchers with a possible future research focus on ABCA1.

25-Hydroxycholesterol in health and diseases

Cholesterol is an essential structural component of all membranes of mammalian cells where it plays a fundamental role not only in cellular architecture, but also, for example, in signaling pathway transduction, endocytosis process, receptor functioning and recycling, or cytoskeleton remodeling. Consequently, intracellular cholesterol concentrations are tightly regulated by complex processes, including cholesterol synthesis, uptake from circulating lipoproteins, lipid transfer to these lipoproteins, esterification, and metabolization into oxysterols that are intermediates for bile acids. Oxysterols have been considered for long time as sterol waste products, but a large body of evidence has clearly demonstrated that they play key roles in central nervous system functioning, immune cell response, cell death, or migration and are involved in age-related diseases, cancers, autoimmunity, or neurological disorders. Among all the existing oxysterols, this review summarizes basic as well as recent knowledge on 25-hydroxycholesterol which is mainly produced during inflammatory or infectious situations and that in turn contributes to immune response, central nervous system disorders, atherosclerosis, macular degeneration, or cancer development. Effects of its metabolite 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol are also presented and discussed.

The role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in neurological disorders: a mechanistic review

INTRODUCTION

Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal brain function. It is tightly controlled by various biological elements. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that effluxes cholesterol from cells, particularly astrocytes, into the extracellular space. The recent studies pertaining to ABCA1's role in CNS disorders were included in this study.

AREAS COVERED

In this comprehensive literature review, preclinical and human studies showed that ABCA1 has a significant role in the following diseases or disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, anxiety, depression, psychosis, epilepsy, stroke, and brain ischemia and trauma.

EXPERT OPINION

ABCA1 via modulating normal and aberrant brain functions such as apoptosis, phagocytosis, BBB leakage, neuroinflammation, amyloid β efflux, myelination, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmission promotes beneficial effects in aforementioned diseases. ABCA1 is a key molecule in the CNS. By boosting its expression or function, some CNS disorders may be resolved. In preclinical studies, liver X receptor agonists have shown promise in treating CNS disorders via ABCA1 and apoE enhancement.