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Esposito E, Indolfi C, Bello I, Smimmo M, Vellecco V, Schettino A, Montanaro R, Morroni F, Sita G, Graziosi A, Panza E, Sorrentino R, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Mitidieri E. The endocrine disruptor vinclozolin causes endothelial injury via eNOS/Nox4/IRE1α signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176758. [PMID: 38901528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a common dicarboximide fungicide used to protect crops from diseases. It is also an endocrine disruptor, and its effects on various organs have been described but its influence on vasculature has not yet been addressed. This study focuses on the potential mechanism of VCZ-induced vascular injury. The effect of VCZ on vascular function in terms of relaxing and contracting response was evaluated in mice aorta. A short exposure to VCZ affected the endothelial but not the smooth muscle component. Specifically, it caused a disruption of the eNOS/NO signaling. In line, a short exposure to VCZ in bovine aortic endothelial cells promoted eNOS uncoupling resulting in a reduction of NO bioavailability and eNOS dimer/monomer ratio, and in turn an increase of nitro-tyrosine levels and ROS formation. Prolonging the exposure to VCZ (3 and 6h) an up-regulation of Nox4, enzyme-generating ROS constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, and an increase in ROS and malondialdehyde content coupled with a reduction in NO levels were found. These events were strictly linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α), a stress sensor and its reversion by using a selective inhibitor. Collectively, these results demonstrated that VCZ provokes endothelial dysfunction by oxidative stress involving eNOS/Nox4/IRE1α axis. The rapid exposure affected the endothelial function promoting eNOS uncoupling while a post-transcriptional modification, involving Nox4/IRE1α signaling, occurred following prolonged exposure. Thus, exposure to VCZ could contribute to the onset and/or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Indolfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ivana Bello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Martina Smimmo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Schettino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Macchia Romana Campus 10, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology-FaBiT, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Casertano M, Esposito E, Bello I, Indolfi C, Putra MY, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Menna M, Sorrentino R, Cirino G, d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Imperatore C, Panza E, Mitidieri E. Searching for Novel Sources of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors: Chemical Profiling of Polycarpa aurata Extract and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:641. [PMID: 38132963 PMCID: PMC10744941 DOI: 10.3390/md21120641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule endogenously produced within mammals' cells that plays an important role in inflammation, exerting anti-inflammatory effects. In this view, the research has shown a growing interest in identifying natural H2S donors. Herein, for the first time, the potential of marine extract as a source of H2S-releasing agents has been explored. Different fractions obtained by the Indonesian ascidian Polycarpa aurata were evaluated for their ability to release H2S in solution. The main components of the most active fraction were then characterized by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and NMR spectroscopy. The ability of this fraction to release H2S was evaluated in a cell-free assay and J774 macrophages by a fluorimetric method, and its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by using carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema. The anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), coupled with a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 levels. Thus, this study defines the first example of a marine source able to inhibit inflammatory responses in vivo through the release of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Casertano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Ivana Bello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Chiara Indolfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, Research Organisation for Healths, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Roberta d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Concetta Imperatore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (E.E.); (I.B.); (M.M.); (R.S.); (G.C.); (E.P.); (E.M.)
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Flori L, Montanaro R, Pagnotta E, Ugolini L, Righetti L, Martelli A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Brancaleone V, Testai L, Calderone V. Erucin Exerts Cardioprotective Effects on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through the Modulation of mitoKATP Channels. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3281. [PMID: 38137502 PMCID: PMC10740937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of mitochondrial K channels represents a pharmacological strategy to promote cardioprotective effects. Isothiocyanates emerge as molecules capable of releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous pleiotropic gasotransmitter responsible for anti-ischemic cardioprotective effects also through the involvement of mitoK channels. Erucin (ERU) is a natural isothiocyanate resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSLs) present in Eruca sativa Mill. seeds, an edible plant of the Brassicaceae family. In this experimental work, the specific involvement of mitoKATP channels in the cardioprotective effect induced by ERU was evaluated in detail. An in vivo preclinical model of acute myocardial infarction was reproduced in rats to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ERU. Diazoxide was used as a reference compound for the modulation of potassium fluxes and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD) as a selective blocker of KATP channels. Specific investigations on isolated cardiac mitochondria were carried out to evaluate the involvement of mitoKATP channels. The results obtained showed ERU cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage through the involvement of mitoKATP channels and the consequent depolarizing effect, which in turn reduced calcium entry and preserved mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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Citi V, Barresi E, Piragine E, Spezzini J, Testai L, Da Settimo F, Martelli A, Taliani S, Calderone V. Anti-Proliferative Properties of the Novel Hybrid Drug Met-ITC, Composed of the Native Drug Metformin with the Addition of an Isothiocyanate H 2S Donor Moiety, in Different Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16131. [PMID: 38003321 PMCID: PMC10671447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus but, in last few years, it has also been evaluated as anti-cancer agent. Several pathways, such as AMPK or PI3K/Akt/mTOR, are likely to be involved in the anti-cancer Met activity. In addition, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and H2S donors have been described as anti-cancer agents affecting cell-cycle and inducing apoptosis. Among H2S donors, isothiocyanates are endowed with a further anti-cancer mechanism: the inhibition of the histone deacetylase enzymes. On this basis, a hybrid molecule (Met-ITC) obtained through the addition of an isothiocyanate moiety to the Met molecule was designed and its ability to release Met has been demonstrated. Met-ITC exhibited more efficacy and potency than Met in inhibiting cancer cells (AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2, MCF-7) viability and it was less effective on non-tumorigenic cells (MCF 10-A). The ability of Met-ITC to release H2S has been recorded both in cell-free and in cancer cells assays. Finally, its ability to affect the cell cycle and to induce both early and late apoptosis has been demonstrated on the most sensitive cell line (MCF-7). These results confirmed that Met-ITC is a new hybrid molecule endowed with potential anti-cancer properties derived both from Met and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Jacopo Spezzini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.C.); (E.B.); (E.P.); (J.S.); (L.T.); (F.D.S.); (S.T.); (V.C.)
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Crescenzi MA, Cerulli A, Montoro P, Piacente S. Metabolite Profiling for Typization of "Rucola della Piana del Sele" (PGI), Eruca sativa, through UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3384. [PMID: 37761093 PMCID: PMC10529767 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2020, the Eruca sativa cultivar "Rucola della Piana del Sele" obtained from the European Union the prestigious PGI (protected geographical indication) label, which certifies the uniqueness of its characteristics and increases its prestige both nationally and, above all, internationally. This plant is recognized as a product of excellence, with a unique flavor and unmistakable aroma. Therefore, since there are no methods to characterize the PGI product, a metabolomic approach was applied to characterize E. sativa grown in the Piana del Sele and different geographical areas. As E. sativa has very wide cultivation, this study sought to compare the metabolite profiles of rocket grown in Piana del Sele, Bergamo, and Brescia, as well as in Switzerland, making a comparison also with the metabolite profile of E. sativa grown spontaneously. To determine the best procedure to distinguish "Rucola della Piana del Sele" from the others, different extraction procedures were carried out using different solvents and fresh or freeze-dried plant matrices. The different extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments, using chemometric analyses to identify biomarker metabolites that characterize the PGI product. The LC-ESI-Q-Exactive-MS/MS profiles of methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of different cultivars of E. sativa were found to be rich in bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, glycosylated flavonoids, fatty acids, and lipids. The LCMS data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA); the score scatter plot shows significant separation among Eruca samples grown in different geographical areas. In detail, loading the scatter plot revealed Eruca grown in Piana del Sele to be richer than other cultivars in glycosylated quercetin 3,3',4'-O-triglucoside (7), quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside-3'-O-(6-sinapoyl-glucoside) (10), and quercetin diglucoside (30). Finally, considering the biological interest in erucin, the myrosinase product of glucoerucin, the latter was quantified in the extracts by LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method; E. sativa from Piana del Sele showed the highest content of glucoerucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Crescenzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery & Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
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