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Luo C, Ren A, Jin Z, Zhang J, Shi W, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Lu M, Hou Y, Tang F, Huang W. Design and synthesis of novel site-specific antibody-drug conjugates that target TROP2. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117828. [PMID: 38981219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The approval of Trodelvy® validates TROP2 as a druggable but challenging target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Here, based on the TROP2-targeted antibody sacituzumab, we designed and developed several site-specific ADC candidates, which employ MMAE (monomethyl auristatin E) as the toxin, via IgG glycoengineering or affinity-directed traceless conjugation. Systematic evaluation of these site-specific ADCs in homogeneity, hydrophilicity, stability, and antitumor efficiency was conducted. The results indicate that the site-specific ADCs gsADC 3b made from one-step glycoengineering exhibit good aggregation stability and in vivo efficacy, providing a new format of ADCs that target TROP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caili Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Biomedical Co., Ltd. Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Anni Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zixuan Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Biomedical Co., Ltd. Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengru Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Center for Biotherapeutics Discovery Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Biomedical Co., Ltd. Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Kwon WA, Lee SY, Jeong TY, Kim HH, Lee MK. Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer: From Scientific Rationale to Clinical Development. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2420. [PMID: 39001482 PMCID: PMC11240765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been a significant advancement in cancer therapy, particularly for urothelial cancer (UC). These innovative treatments, originally developed for hematological malignancies, use target-specific monoclonal antibodies linked to potent cytotoxic agents. This rational drug design efficiently delivers cancer cell-killing agents to cells expressing specific surface proteins, which are abundant in UC owing to their high antigen expression. UC is an ideal candidate for ADC therapy, as it enhances on-target efficacy while mitigating systemic toxicity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the biology and mechanisms of tumor progression in UC. However, despite the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, advanced UC is characterized by rapid progression and poor survival rates. Targeted therapies that have been developed include the anti-nectin 4 ADC enfortumab vedotin and the fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor erdafitinib. Enfortumab vedotin has shown efficacy in prospective studies in patients with advanced UC, alone and in combination with pembrolizumab. The anti-Trop-2 ADC sacituzumab govitecan has also demonstrated effectiveness in single-armed studies. This review highlights the mechanism of action of ADCs, their application in mono- and combination therapies, primary mechanisms of resistance, and future perspectives for their clinical use in UC treatment. ADCs have proven to be an increasingly vital component of the therapeutic landscape for urothelial carcinoma, filling a gap in the treatment of this progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whi-An Kwon
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoong Jeong
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang 10475, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Elbadawi M, Efferth T. In Vivo and Clinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38797749 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite more than 200 approved anticancer agents, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to disease complexity, tumour heterogeneity, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Accordingly, the development of chemotherapeutic agents with higher efficacy, a better safety profile, and the capability of bypassing drug resistance would be a cornerstone in cancer therapy. Natural products have played a pivotal role in the field of drug discovery, especially for the pharmacotherapy of cancer, infectious, and chronic diseases. Owing to their distinctive structures and multiple mechanistic activities, natural products and their derivatives have been utilized for decades in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we delve into the potential of natural products as anticancer agents by targeting cancer's hallmarks, including sustained proliferative signalling, evading growth suppression, resisting apoptosis and cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of some natural products, in vivo studies, and promising clinical trials. This review emphasizes the significance of natural products in fighting cancer and the need for further studies to uncover their fully therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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Sasagawa S, Kumai J, Wakamatsu T, Yui Y. Improvement of histone deacetylase inhibitor efficacy by SN38 through TWIST1 suppression in synovial sarcoma. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e113. [PMID: 38946933 PMCID: PMC11212284 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an SS18-SSX fusion gene-driven soft tissue sarcoma with mesenchymal characteristics, associated with a poor prognosis due to frequent metastasis to a distant organ, such as the lung. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) are arising as potent molecular targeted drugs, as HDACi treatment disrupts the SS oncoprotein complex, which includes HDACs, in addition to general HDACi effects. To provide further molecular evidence for the advantages of HDACi treatment and its limitations due to drug resistance induced by the microenvironment in SS cells, we examined cellular responses to HDACi treatment in combination with two-dimensional (2D) and 3D culture conditions. Methods Using several SS cell lines, biochemical and cell biological assays were performed with romidepsin, an HDAC1/2 selective inhibitor. SN38 was concomitantly used as an ameliorant drug with romidepsin treatment. Cytostasis, apoptosis induction, and MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A/B (MICA/B) induction were monitored to evaluate the drug efficacy. In addition to the conventional 2D culture condition, spheroid culture was adopted to evaluate the influence of cell-mass microenvironment on chemoresistance. Results By monitoring the cellular behavior with romidepsin and/or SN38 in SS cells, we observed that responsiveness is diverse in each cell line. In the apoptotic inducible cells, co-treatment with SN38 enhanced cell death. In nonapoptotic inducible cells, cytostasis and MICA/B induction were observed, and SN38 improved MICA/B induction further. As a novel efficacy of SN38, we revealed TWIST1 suppression in SS cells. In the spheroid (3D) condition, romidepsin efficacy was severely restricted in TWIST1-positive cells. We demonstrated that TWIST1 downregulation restored romidepsin efficacy even in spheroid form, and concomitant SN38 treatment along with romidepsin reproduced the reaction. Conclusions The current study demonstrated the benefits and concerns of using HDACi for SS treatment in 2D and 3D culture conditions and provided molecular evidence that concomitant treatment with SN38 can overcome drug resistance to HDACi by suppressing TWIST1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sasagawa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research InstituteNozaki Tokushukai HospitalDaitoOsakaJapan
| | - Jun Kumai
- Sarcoma Treatment Laboratory, Research InstituteNozaki Tokushukai HospitalDaitoOsakaJapan
| | - Toru Wakamatsu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology ServiceOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Yui
- Sarcoma Treatment Laboratory, Research InstituteNozaki Tokushukai HospitalDaitoOsakaJapan
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Chen Z, Liu M, Wang N, Xiao W, Shi J. Unleashing the Potential of Camptothecin: Exploring Innovative Strategies for Structural Modification and Therapeutic Advancements. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3244-3273. [PMID: 38421819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent anti-cancer agent targeting topoisomerase I (TOP1). However, CPT has poor pharmacokinetic properties, causes toxicities, and leads to drug resistance, which limit its clinical use. In this paper, to review the current state of CPT research. We first briefly explain CPT's TOP1 inhibition mechanism and the key hurdles in CPT drug development. Then we examine strategies to overcome CPT's limitations through structural modifications and advanced delivery systems. Though modifications alone seem insufficient to fully enhance CPT's therapeutic potential, structure-activity relationship analysis provides insights to guide optimization of CPT analogs. In comparison, advanced delivery systems integrating controlled release, imaging capabilities, and combination therapies via stimulus-responsive linkers and targeting moieties show great promise for improving CPT's pharmacological profile. Looking forward, multifaceted approaches combining selective CPT derivatives with advanced delivery systems, informed by emerging biological insights, hold promise for fully unleashing CPT's anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Maoyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu 610083, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Valenza C, Guidi L, Battaiotto E, Trapani D, Sartore Bianchi A, Siena S, Curigliano G. Targeting HER2 heterogeneity in breast and gastrointestinal cancers. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:113-123. [PMID: 38008666 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
About 20% of breast and gastric cancers and 3% of colorectal carcinomas overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and are sensitive to HER2-directed agents. The expression of HER2 may differ within the same tumoral lesion (spatial intralesional heterogeneity), from different tumor locations (spatial interlesional heterogeneity), and throughout treatments (temporal heterogeneity). Spatial and temporal heterogeneity may impact on response and resistance to HER2-targeting agents and its prevalence and predictive role changes across HER2-overexpressing solid tumors. Therefore, the definition and the characterization of HER2 heterogeneity pose many challenges and its implementation as a reproducible predictive biomarker would help in guiding treatment modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Valenza
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guidi
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Battaiotto
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore Bianchi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Liang Y, Zhang P, Li F, Lai H, Qi T, Wang Y. Advances in the study of marketed antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1332539. [PMID: 38352694 PMCID: PMC10862125 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1332539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to have a high incidence rate among female malignancies. Despite significant advancements in treatment modalities, the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer and its resistance to various therapeutic approaches pose considerable challenges. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) effectively merge the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, offering a novel strategy for precision treatment of breast cancer. Notably, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has provided a new therapeutic option for HER2-positive breast cancer patients globally, especially those resistant to conventional treatments. The development of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG) has further broadened the applicability of ADCs in breast cancer therapy, presenting new hopes for patients with low HER2 expression and triple-negative breast cancer. However, the application of ADCs presents certain challenges. For instance, their treatment may lead to adverse reactions such as interstitial lung disease, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea. Moreover, prolonged treatment could result in ADCs resistance, complicating the therapeutic process. Economically, the high costs of ADCs might hinder their accessibility in low-income regions. This article reviews the structure, mechanism of action, and clinical trials of commercially available ADCs for breast cancer treatment, with a focus on the clinical trials of the three drugs, aiming to provide insights for clinical applications and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital Affiliate University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Purong Zhang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital Affiliate University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital Affiliate University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Houyun Lai
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital Affiliate University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Qi
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital Affiliate University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Cancer Hospital Affiliate University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
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Yue F, Zeng X, Wang Y, Fang Y, Yue M, Zhao X, Zhu R, Zeng Q, Wei J, Chen T. Bifidobacterium longum SX-1326 ameliorates gastrointestinal toxicity after irinotecan chemotherapy via modulating the P53 signaling pathway and brain-gut axis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:8. [PMID: 38172689 PMCID: PMC10763180 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant malignancy affecting the gastrointestinal tract that is usually treated clinically with chemotherapeutic agents, whereas chemotherapeutic agents can cause severe gastrointestinal toxicity, which brings great pain to patients. Therefore, finding effective adjuvant agents for chemotherapy is crucial. METHODS In this study, a CRC mouse model was successfully constructed using AOM/DSS, and the treatment was carried out by probiotic Bifidobacterium longum SX-1326 (B. longum SX-1326) in combination with irinotecan. Combining with various techniques of modern biomedical research, such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting and 16S rDNA sequencing, we intend to elucidate the effect and mechanism of B. longum SX-1326 in improving the anticancer efficacy and reducing the side effects on the different levels of molecules, animals, and bacteria. RESULTS Our results showed that B. longum SX-1326 enhanced the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 (M vs. U = p < 0.01) and down-regulated the expression level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) through up-regulation of the p53 signaling pathway in CRC mice, which resulted in an adjuvant effect on the treatment of CRC with irinotecan. Moreover, B. longum SX-1326 was also able to regulate the gut-brain-axis (GBA) by restoring damaged enterochromaffin cells, reducing the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in brain tissue (I vs. U = 89.26 vs. 75.03, p < 0.05), and further alleviating the adverse effects of nausea and vomiting. In addition, B. longum SX-1326 reversed dysbiosis in CRC model mice by increasing the levels of Dehalobacterium, Ruminnococcus, and Mucispirillum. And further alleviated colorectal inflammation by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our work reveals that B. longum SX-1326 has a favorable effect in adjuvant irinotecan for CRC and amelioration of post-chemotherapy side effects, and also provides the theoretical basis and data for finding a safe and efficient chemotherapeutic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Yue
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xiangdi Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yilin Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Mengyun Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiang Xi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xuanqi Zhao
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qingwei Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, JiangXi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Kumar S, Gahramanov V, Patel S, Yaglom J, Kaczmarczyk L, Alexandrov IA, Gerlitz G, Salmon-Divon M, Sherman MY. Evolution of Resistance to Irinotecan in Cancer Cells Involves Generation of Topoisomerase-Guided Mutations in Non-Coding Genome That Reduce the Chances of DNA Breaks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108717. [PMID: 37240063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a leading cause of treatment failure. Drug resistance mechanisms involve mutations in specific proteins or changes in their expression levels. It is commonly understood that resistance mutations happen randomly prior to treatment and are selected during the treatment. However, the selection of drug-resistant mutants in culture could be achieved by multiple drug exposures of cloned genetically identical cells and thus cannot result from the selection of pre-existent mutations. Accordingly, adaptation must involve the generation of mutations de novo upon drug treatment. Here we explored the origin of resistance mutations to a widely used Top1 inhibitor, irinotecan, which triggers DNA breaks, causing cytotoxicity. The resistance mechanism involved the gradual accumulation of recurrent mutations in non-coding regions of DNA at Top1-cleavage sites. Surprisingly, cancer cells had a higher number of such sites than the reference genome, which may define their increased sensitivity to irinotecan. Homologous recombination repairs of DNA double-strand breaks at these sites following initial drug exposures gradually reverted cleavage-sensitive "cancer" sequences back to cleavage-resistant "normal" sequences. These mutations reduced the generation of DNA breaks upon subsequent exposures, thus gradually increasing drug resistance. Together, large target sizes for mutations and their Top1-guided generation lead to their gradual and rapid accumulation, synergistically accelerating the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Valid Gahramanov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Julia Yaglom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Lukasz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Ivan A Alexandrov
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology & Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | | | - Michael Y Sherman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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