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Nardini P, Notari L, Magazzini M, Mariani B, Rossi F, Rossi S, Van Aardt E, Marszalek K, Grandi V, Corsi A, Pimpinelli N, Bacci S. Neuroimmunomodulatory effect of Nitric Oxide on chronic wound healing after photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104078. [PMID: 38588874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuroimmunomodulation is the capacity of the nervous system to regulate immune processes. The existence of neurotransmitter receptors in immune cells enables this phenomenon to take place. Neuronal mediators possess the capacity to direct and control several occurrences during the wound healing process. Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a neuromodulator, playing a crucial role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure with antimicrobial properties. Photodynamic therapy has been shown to augment the function of immune cells involved in the healing process of venous leg ulcers. Nitric oxide can be secreted into the extracellular environment by these cells. In lesions treated with PDT, the synthesis of iNOs (the enzyme that releases NO) increased, as demonstrated by the experimental results. Therefore the significance of PDT in enhancing the clinical condition of the lesion is thus highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Notari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Miriam Magazzini
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Bianca Mariani
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sofia Rossi
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Van Aardt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Marszalek
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vieri Grandi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Pimpinelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Dermatology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Bacci
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
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2
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Murakami T, Shigeki S. Pharmacotherapy for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4674. [PMID: 38731893 PMCID: PMC11083137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids (KD) and hypertrophic scars (HTS), which are quite raised and pigmented and have increased vascularization and cellularity, are formed due to the impaired healing process of cutaneous injuries in some individuals having family history and genetic factors. These scars decrease the quality of life (QOL) of patients greatly, due to the pain, itching, contracture, cosmetic problems, and so on, depending on the location of the scars. Treatment/prevention that will satisfy patients' QOL is still under development. In this article, we review pharmacotherapy for treating KD and HTS, including the prevention of postsurgical recurrence (especially KD). Pharmacotherapy involves monotherapy using a single drug and combination pharmacotherapy using multiple drugs, where drugs are administered orally, topically and/or through intralesional injection. In addition, pharmacotherapy for KD/HTS is sometimes combined with surgical excision and/or with physical therapy such as cryotherapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy including brachytherapy, and silicone gel/sheeting. The results regarding the clinical effectiveness of each mono-pharmacotherapy for KD/HTS are not always consistent but rather scattered among researchers. Multimodal combination pharmacotherapy that targets multiple sites simultaneously is more effective than mono-pharmacotherapy. The literature was searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Online search engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Murakami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima 731-2631, Japan;
| | - Sadayuki Shigeki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima 731-2631, Japan
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3
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Hernández-Bule ML, Naharro-Rodríguez J, Bacci S, Fernández-Guarino M. Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4483. [PMID: 38674067 PMCID: PMC11049838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a procedure that uses light to modulate cellular functions and biological processes. Over the past decades, PBM has gained considerable attention for its potential in various medical applications due to its non-invasive nature and minimal side effects. We conducted a narrative review including articles about photobiomodulation, LED light therapy or low-level laser therapy and their applications on dermatology published over the last 6 years, encompassing research studies, clinical trials, and technological developments. This review highlights the mechanisms of action underlying PBM, including the interaction with cellular chromophores and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The evidence from clinical trials and experimental studies to evaluate the efficacy of PBM in clinical practice is summarized with a special emphasis on dermatology. Furthermore, advancements in PBM technology, such as novel light sources and treatment protocols, are discussed in the context of optimizing therapeutic outcomes and improving patient care. This narrative review underscores the promising role of PBM as a non-invasive therapeutic approach with broad clinical applicability. Despite the need for further research to develop standard protocols, PBM holds great potential for addressing a wide range of medical conditions and enhancing patient outcomes in modern healthcare practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Bacci
- Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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Costantini E, Aielli L, Gualdi G, Baronio M, Monari P, Amerio P, Reale M. Pulsed Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as Modulators of Inflammation and Wound Healing in Primary Dermal Fibroblasts of Ulcers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:357. [PMID: 38671778 PMCID: PMC11047973 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers are one of the most common nonhealing conditions and represent an important clinical problem. The application of pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (PRF-EMFs), already applied for pain, inflammation, and new tissue formation, can represent a promising approach for venous leg ulcer amelioration. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PRF-EMF exposure on the inflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferation, and wound healing characteristics of human primary dermal fibroblasts collected from venous leg ulcer patients. The cells' proliferative and migratory abilities were evaluated by means of a BrdU assay and scratch assay, respectively. The inflammatory response was investigated through TNFα, TGFβ, COX2, IL6, and IL1β gene expression analysis and PGE2 and IL1β production, while the antioxidant activity was tested by measuring GSH, GSSG, tGSH, and GR levels. This study emphasizes the ability of PRF-EMFs to modulate the TGFβ, COX2, IL6, IL1β, and TNFα gene expression in exposed ulcers. Moreover, it confirms the improvement of the proliferative index and wound healing ability presented by PRF-EMFs. In conclusion, exposure to PRF-EMFs can represent a strategy to help tissue repair, regulating mediators involved in the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Lisa Aielli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Giulio Gualdi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Manuela Baronio
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Novivelli, Department of Clinical and Expermental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Paola Monari
- Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Amerio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.A.); (M.R.)
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5
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Abu Bakar N, Mydin RBSMN, Yusop N, Matmin J, Ghazalli NF. Understanding the ideal wound healing mechanistic behavior using in silico modelling perspectives: A review. J Tissue Viability 2024; 33:104-115. [PMID: 38092620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Complexity of the entire body precludes an accurate assessment of the specific contributions of tissues or cells during the healing process, which might be expensive and time consuming. Because of this, controlling the wound's size, depth, and dimensions may be challenging, and there is not yet an efficient and reliable chronic wound model representation. Furthermore, given the inherent challenges associated with conducting non-invasive in vivo investigations, it becomes peremptory to explore alternative methodologies for studying wound healing. In this context, biologically-realistic mathematical and computational models emerge as a valuable framework that can effectively address this need. Therefore, it might improve our approach to understanding the process at its core. This article will examines all facets of wound healing, including the kinds, pathways, and most current developments in wound treatment worldwide, particularly in silico modelling utilizing both mathematical and structure-based modelling techniques. It may be helpful to identify the crucial traits through the feedback loop of computer models and experimental investigations in order to build innovative therapies to cure wounds. Hence the effectiveness of personalised medicine and more targeted therapy in the healing of wounds may be enhanced by this interdisciplinary expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshamiza Abu Bakar
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Yusop
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Juan Matmin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fatiha Ghazalli
- Basic and Medical Sciences Department, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
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6
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Hu L, Bao Z. Inhibitory effect of a novel Curcumin derivative DMC-HA on keloid fibroblasts. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2398-2409. [PMID: 38284901 PMCID: PMC10911336 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Keloids pose a significant dermatological challenge, marked by abnormal fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen deposition in response to skin injury or trauma. In the present study, we introduce DMC-HA, a derivative of Curcumin, as a promising candidate for keloid treatment. DMC-HA is poised to provide superior therapeutic benefits compared to Curcumin due to its structural modifications. Examining the comparative effects of DMC-HA and Curcumin on keloid fibroblasts can offer insights into their potential as therapeutic agents and the underlying mechanisms in keloid pathogenesis. In our study, CCK-8 experiments revealed that, at equivalent concentrations, DMC-HA demonstrated greater efficacy in inhibiting the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts compared to Curcumin. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that DMC-HA induced fibroblast apoptosis more significantly than Curcumin at the same concentration. Further data demonstrated that DMC-HA notably increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulated the expression levels of Bax, cleaved PARP, and cleaved Caspase-3. Interestingly, the impact of DMC-HA was reversed upon the application of the antioxidant NAC. Additionally, DMC-HA could suppress IL-6-induced increased expression of p-STAT3. Collectively, our findings suggest that DMC-HA is more effective than Curcumin in inhibiting the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts. The underlying mechanism of its action appears to be associated with the augmentation of ROS induction and the concurrent inhibition of STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Carroll JD. Photobiomodulation Literature Watch April 2023. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:590-593. [PMID: 37870414 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
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Santos FP, Carvalhos CA, Figueiredo-Dias M. New Insights into Photobiomodulation of the Vaginal Microbiome-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13507. [PMID: 37686314 PMCID: PMC10487748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new technologies such as sequencing has greatly enhanced our understanding of the human microbiome. The interactions between the human microbiome and the development of several diseases have been the subject of recent research. In-depth knowledge about the vaginal microbiome (VMB) has shown that dysbiosis is closely related to the development of gynecologic and obstetric disorders. To date, the progress in treating or modulating the VMB has lagged far behind research efforts. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses low levels of light, usually red or near-infrared, to treat a diversity of conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that PBM can control the microbiome and improve the activity of the immune system. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the microbiome, mostly to the gut microbiome and its connections with many diseases, such as metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmunity, and neurological disorders. The applicability of PBM therapeutics to treat gut dysbiosis has been studied, with promising results. The possible cellular and molecular effects of PBM on the vaginal microbiome constitute a theoretical and promising field that is starting to take its first steps. In this review, we will discuss the potential mechanisms and effects of photobiomodulation in the VMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology University Clinic, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (M.F.-D.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlota A. Carvalhos
- Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology University Clinic, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (M.F.-D.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Dias
- Faculty of Medicine, Gynecology University Clinic, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (M.F.-D.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Gynecology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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Zhang M, Chen H, Qian H, Wang C. Characterization of the skin keloid microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:207. [PMID: 37587491 PMCID: PMC10428592 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids are a fibroproliferative skin disorder that develops in people of all ages. Keloids exhibit some cancer-like behaviors, with similar genetic and epigenetic modifications in the keloid microenvironment. The keloid microenvironment is composed of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, immune cells, stem cells and collagen fibers. Recent advances in the study of keloids have led to novel insights into cellular communication among components of the keloid microenvironment as well as potential therapeutic targets for treating keloids. In this review, we summarized the nature of genetic and epigenetic regulation in keloid-derived fibroblasts, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of keratinocytes, immune cell infiltration into keloids, the differentiation of keloid-derived stem cells, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of vascular endothelial cells, extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling, and uncontrolled angiogenesis in keloids with the aim of identifying new targets for therapeutic benefit. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Huan Qian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Hernández-Bule ML, Toledano-Macías E, Pérez-González LA, Martínez-Pascual MA, Fernández-Guarino M. Anti-Fibrotic Effects of RF Electric Currents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10986. [PMID: 37446165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are two different manifestations of excessive dermal fibrosis and are caused by an alteration in the normal wound-healing process. Treatment with radiofrequency (RF)-based therapies has proven to be useful in reducing hypertrophic scars. In this study, the effect of one of these radiofrequency therapies, Capacitive Resistive Electrical Transfer Therapy (CRET) on biomarkers of skin fibrosis was investigated. For this, in cultures of human myofibroblasts treated with CRET therapy or sham-treated, proliferation (XTT Assay), apoptosis (TUNEL Assay), and cell migration (Wound Closure Assay) were analyzed. Furthermore, in these cultures the expression and/or localization of extracellular matrix proteins such as α-SMA, Col I, Col III (immunofluorescence), metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP9, MAP kinase ERK1/2, and the transcription factor NFκB were also investigated (immunoblot). The results have revealed that CRET decreases the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, modifies the expression of the metalloproteinase MMP9, and reduces the activation of NFκB with respect to controls, suggesting that this therapy could be useful for the treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Hernández-Bule
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Toledano-Macías
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Pérez-González
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Antonia Martínez-Pascual
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fernández-Guarino
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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