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Franco C, Giannella A, Gasparotto M, Zanatta E, Ghirardello A, Pettorossi F, Rahmè Z, Depascale R, Ragno D, Bevilacqua G, Bellis E, Iaccarino L, Doria A, Ceolotto G, Gatto M. Circulating extracellular vesicles and small non-coding RNAs cargo in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies reveal differences across myositis subsets. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103255. [PMID: 38788539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epigenetic footprint of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) through characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the expression of EV-derived small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, EVs were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from plasma of patients with IIM and age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD). EV-derived sncRNAs were sequenced and quantified using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Following quality control and normalization, filtered count reads were used for differential microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) expression analyses. Putative gene targets enriched for pathways implicated in IIM were analyzed. Patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics at the time of sampling were recorded. RESULTS Forty-seven IIM patients and 45 HD were enrolled. MiR-486-5p (p < 0.01), miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-32-5p were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05 for all), while miR-142-3p (p < 0.001), miR-141-3p (p < 0.01), let-7a-5p (p < 0.05) and miR-3613-5p (p < 0.05) downregulated in EVs from IIM patients versus HD. MiR-486-5p was associated with raised muscle enzymes levels. Several target genes of up/downregulated miRNAs in IIM participate in inflammation, necroptosis, interferon and immune signaling. Six piRNAs were significantly dysregulated in IIM EVs versus HD (p < 0.05). Within IIM, miR-335-5p was selectively upregulated and miR-27a-5p downregulated in dermatomyositis (n = 21, p < 0.01). Finally, plasma EV levels were significantly increased in cancer-associated myositis (CAM, n = 12) versus non-CAM IIM (n = 35, p = 0.02) and HD (p < 0.01). EVs cargo in CAM was significantly enriched of let-7f-5p and depleted of miR-143-3p. CONCLUSION Through an unbiased screening of EV-derived sncRNAs, we characterize miRNAs and piRNAs in the EVs cargo as potential biomarkers and modifiers of diverse IIM phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Franco
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giannella
- Division of Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Michela Gasparotto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Zanatta
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Anna Ghirardello
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Federico Pettorossi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Zahrà Rahmè
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Roberto Depascale
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Davide Ragno
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gioele Bevilacqua
- Unit of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Bellis
- Academic Rheumatology Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AO Mauriziano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Doria
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ceolotto
- Unit of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mariele Gatto
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Academic Rheumatology Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AO Mauriziano, Turin, Italy.
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Wang L, Wang X, Zhu X, Zhong L, Jiang Q, Wang Y, Tang Q, Li Q, Zhang C, Wang H, Zou D. Drug resistance in ovarian cancer: from mechanism to clinical trial. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:66. [PMID: 38539161 PMCID: PMC10976737 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related death. Drug resistance is the bottleneck in ovarian cancer treatment. The increasing use of novel drugs in clinical practice poses challenges for the treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Continuing to classify drug resistance according to drug type without understanding the underlying mechanisms is unsuitable for current clinical practice. We reviewed the literature regarding various drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer and found that the main resistance mechanisms are as follows: abnormalities in transmembrane transport, alterations in DNA damage repair, dysregulation of cancer-associated signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA activity, three key classes of epigenetic modifications, constitute pivotal mechanisms of drug resistance. One drug can have multiple resistance mechanisms. Moreover, common chemotherapies and targeted drugs may have cross (overlapping) resistance mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can interfere with and thus regulate the abovementioned pathways. A subclass of miRNAs, "epi-miRNAs", can modulate epigenetic regulators to impact therapeutic responses. Thus, we also reviewed the regulatory influence of miRNAs on resistance mechanisms. Moreover, we summarized recent phase I/II clinical trials of novel drugs for ovarian cancer based on the abovementioned resistance mechanisms. A multitude of new therapies are under evaluation, and the preliminary results are encouraging. This review provides new insight into the classification of drug resistance mechanisms in ovarian cancer and may facilitate in the successful treatment of resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingxiu Jiang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China.
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Specialized Medical Research Center of Ovarian Cancer, Chongqing, China.
- Organoid Transformational Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Ma J, Da M. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Overexpression Predicts a Poor Prognosis and Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer by Activating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Oncology 2023; 101:786-798. [PMID: 37666221 DOI: 10.1159/000533927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The molecular mechanism of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer (GC) has not been known well. This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of HMGB1 expression levels on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC and to uncover the potential molecular mechanism which promotes tumor progression. METHODS The expression levels of HMGB1 in 125 patients with GC were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between HMGB1 expression and clinical characteristics of patients with GC. Stable overexpression (over-HMGB1) and knockdown (sh-HMGB1) GC cell lines (AGS and MKN-45) were used to determine the effects of HMGB1 on the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 in two sides. RESULTS HMGB1 is highly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines. High HMGB1 expression (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.44-2.39, p = 0.001) was an independent risk factor for overall survival in patients with GC. Downregulation of HMGB1 resulted in downregulation of TLR4 and NF-κB subunit (p-p65 and p-IκBα) expression, whereas the upregulated expression of HMGB1 led to increased expression of TLR4 and NF-κB subunits. Overexpression of HMGB1 promotes the upregulation of EMT-TF expression, which enhances the proliferation and migration abilities of GC cell lines. CONCLUSION HMGB1 is highly expressed in GC tissues and is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with GC. HMGB1 activates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to promote EMT progression in GC cell lines. HMGB1 may be a critical molecule in prognosis prediction and a therapeutic target for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,
| | - Mingxu Da
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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