1
|
Ahmad G, Sohail M, Bilal M, Rasool N, Qamar MU, Ciurea C, Marceanu LG, Misarca C. N-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2232. [PMID: 38792094 PMCID: PMC11123935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. N-heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain N-heterocycles can also stimulate the host's immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses. This review focused on recent five- or six-membered synthetic N-heterocyclic molecules showing antiviral activity through SAR analyses. The review will assist in identifying robust scaffolds that might be utilized to create effective antiviral drugs with either no or few side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulraiz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (G.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Luigi Geo Marceanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| | - Catalin Misarca
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (L.G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zbancioc G, Mangalagiu II, Moldoveanu C. The Effective Synthesis of New Benzoquinoline Derivatives as Small Molecules with Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:52. [PMID: 38256886 PMCID: PMC10820420 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, some novel benzo[c]quinoline derivatives were synthesized, their structural characteristics were described, and their in vitro anticancer efficacy was investigated. The synthesis involves an initial quaternization of the nitrogen atom from benzo[c]quinoline and then a [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the in situ formed ylide. The effectiveness of synthesis using traditional thermal heating (TH) compared to microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) irradiation was investigated in detail. The setup of a reaction under MW or US irradiation offers a number of additional benefits: higher yields, a reduction in the amount of solvent used compared to TH, a reduction in the reaction time from hours to minutes, and a reduction in the amount of energy consumed. The structure of all the obtained compounds was proved by several spectral techniques (FTIR, HRMS, and NMR). All benzo[c]quinoline derivatives (quaternary salts and cycloadducts) along with ten other benzo[f]quinoline derivatives (quaternary salts and cycloadducts), previously obtained, were tested in an in vitro single-dose anticancer experiment. The results demonstrated that the cycloadducts 5a-c and 6a-c exhibit stronger anticancer activity than quaternary salts 3a-c. The most active compound is compound 5a, with anticancer activity on most of the cell lines studied, while the second most active compound is 6c, showing significant lethality for the SR leukemia cell line (17%). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations are also included in the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Costel Moldoveanu
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asran M, El-Helw EAE, Azab ME, Ramadan SK, Helal MH. Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Some Benzoquinoline-Based Heterocycles Derived from 2-((3-Chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-023-02894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA new series of benzoquinoline-based heterocycles was synthesized utilizing the building block synthon, 2-((3-chlorobenzo[f]quinolin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide via the condensation of 3-chlorobenzo[f]quinoline-2-carbaldehyde with thiosemicarbazide. The titled thiosemicarbazone scaffold was conducted with some carbon-centered electrophilic reagents such as acetic anhydride, chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetic acid, 2-bromo-1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethan-1-one, 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide, and dimethyl but-2-ynedioate to achieve triazolethione, imidazolone, thiazolidinone, and thiazole derivatives. In turn, the hydrazinolysis of this substrate did not proceed as expected but it afforded the azine derivative. The antioxidant activity screening of the produced compounds revealed that thiazole and triazolethione derivatives were the most potent.
Collapse
|
4
|
Selyutina OY, Babenko SV, Slepneva IA, Polyakov NE, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Increased Free Radical Generation during the Interaction of a Quinone-Quinoline Chelator with Metal Ions and the Enhancing Effect of Light. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1116. [PMID: 37631031 PMCID: PMC10459951 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schiff bases and similar molecules forming metal complexes may cause redox effects, which may also be influenced by light. Anthraquinones such as doxorubicin and idarubicin are widely used antitumor agents, which can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulated by both the presence of iron and copper ions and also by light. The generated ROS can cause DNA scission, cell membrane oxidation, and many other toxic effects. The redox activity of the quinone-quinoline chelator 2-phenyl-4-(butylamino)naphtho [2,3-h]quinoline-7,12-dione (Q1) was investigated in the presence of iron, copper, and zinc. The influence of light in these interactions was also examined. The chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods were used to elucidate the molecular changes and ROS generation effects of the Q1 metal interactions. A model electron transfer reaction system between 1,4-dihydropyridine and Q1 was utilized to demonstrate that the chelate complexes of Q1 with both Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions were more redox active than Q1 itself. Similarly, CIDNP and NMR data showed that the concentration dependence of the free radicals yield is much higher in the presence of Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, in comparison to Zn(II), and also that it increased in the presence of light. These findings underline the role of transition metal ions and Q1 in cyclic redox chain reactions and increase the prospect of the development of copper- and iron-based chelating agents, including Q1 and its derivatives, for anticancer therapy. Furthermore, these findings also signify the effect of light on enhancing ROS formation by Q1 and the prospect of utilizing such information for designing target specific anticancer drugs for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu. Selyutina
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (S.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
| | - Simon V. Babenko
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (S.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
- International Tomography Center, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Irina A. Slepneva
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (S.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.Y.S.); (S.V.B.); (I.A.S.); (N.E.P.)
| | - George J. Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, Limassol CY-3021, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Majee S, Sarav M, Banik BK, Ray D. Recent Advances in the Green Synthesis of Active N-Heterocycles and Their Biological Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:873. [PMID: 37375820 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic scaffolds represent a privileged architecture in the process of drug design and development. It has widespread occurrence in synthetic and natural products, either those that are established or progressing as potent drug candidates. Additionally, numerous novel N-heterocyclic analogues with remarkable physiological significance and extended pharmaceutical applications are escalating progressively. Hence, the classical synthetic protocols need to be improvised according to modern requirements for efficient and eco-friendly approaches. Numerous methodologies and technologies emerged to address the green and sustainable production of various pharmaceutically and medicinally important N-heterocyclic compounds in last few years. In this context, the current review unveils greener alternatives for direct access to categorically differentiated N-heterocyclic derivatives and its application in the establishment of biologically active potent molecules for drug design. The green and sustainable methods accentuated in this review includes microwave-assisted reactions, solvent-free approaches, heterogeneous catalysis, ultrasound reactions, and biocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Majee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mansi Sarav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devalina Ray
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|