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Mirzababaei M, Babaei F, Ghafghazi S, Rahimi Z, Asadi S, Dargahi L, Nassiri-Asl M, Haghnazari L. Saccharomyces Boulardii alleviates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in PTZ-kindled seizure rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03361-8. [PMID: 39141021 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Previous research have reported that modulating the gut microbiome composition by fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic administration can alleviate seizure occurrence and severity. Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) is a yeast probiotic that has demonstrated ameliorating effects on anxiety, memory and cognitive deficit, and brain amyloidogenesis. In this research, our goal was to examine the anti-seizure effects of SB on the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly categorized into four test groups. The rats were orally administered with saline (control and PTZ groups) or S. boulardii (SB + PTZ and SB groups) for 57 days. From the 29th day of the experiment, the animals received intraperitoneally saline (control and SB groups) or PTZ (PTZ and SB + PTZ groups) on alternate days for 30 days. The administration dose of SB and PTZ was 1010 CFU/ml/day and 35 mg/kg, respectively. We assessed animal seizure behavior, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus tissue. S. boulardii hindered the PTZ-induced kindling development. SB treatment elevated glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. SB also lessened the hippocampal levels of BDNF and MMP-9. Following SB supplementation, proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 were lowered, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was enhanced. Overall, our data indicated, for the first time, the positive impact of SB on the PTZ-kindled seizure rat model. The anti-seizure activity of SB was mediated by modulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and MMP-9 and BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Asadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, I.R., Iran.
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Lida Haghnazari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Guarino A, Pignata P, Lovisari F, Asth L, Simonato M, Soukupova M. Cognitive comorbidities in the rat pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1392977. [PMID: 38872822 PMCID: PMC11171745 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1392977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy are prone to cognitive decline, depression, anxiety and other behavioral disorders. Cognitive comorbidities are particularly common and well-characterized in people with temporal lobe epilepsy, while inconsistently addressed in epileptic animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is good evidence of cognitive comorbidities in animal models of epilepsy, in particular in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We searched the literature published between 1990 and 2023. The association of spontaneous recurrent seizures induced by pilocarpine with cognitive alterations has been evaluated by using various tests: contextual fear conditioning (CFC), novel object recognition (NOR), radial and T-maze, Morris water maze (MWM) and their variants. Combination of results was difficult because of differences in methodological standards, in number of animals employed, and in outcome measures. Taken together, however, the analysis confirmed that pilocarpine-induced epilepsy has an effect on cognition in rats, and supports the notion that this is a valid model for assessment of cognitive temporal lobe epilepsy comorbidities in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Guarino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Pignata
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lovisari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Soukupova
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Zaitsev AV. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Epilepsy 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17464. [PMID: 38139292 PMCID: PMC10743424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Zhou K, Jia L, Mao Z, Si P, Sun C, Qu Z, Wang W. Integrated Macrogenomics and Metabolomics Explore Alterations and Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Adult Epileptic Patients: A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2628. [PMID: 38004640 PMCID: PMC10672912 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy (EP) is a complex brain disorder showing a lot of unknows reasons. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota can influence epilepsy via the brain-gut axis. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which gut microbiota affects adult epilepsy still remains unclear. In this study, fecal and serum samples were obtained from patients with epilepsy and normal controls. Using an integrated analysis, sequencing was performed by macrogenomics and high-throughput targeted metabolomics with various bioinformatics approaches. The macrogenomic sequencing revealed significant changes in microbial structure in patients suffering from epilepsy. For example, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria showed an increase in the patients with epilepsy, whereas that of Firmicutes decreased. In addition, the patients with epilepsy had significantly differential metabolite profiles compared to normal controls, and five clusters with 21 metabolites, mainly containing the upregulation of some fatty acids and downregulation of some amino acids. Tryptophan (AUC = 91.81, p < 0.0001), kynurenine (AUC = 79.09, p < 0.01) and 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-Docosatetraenoic acid (AUC = 80.95, p < 0.01) may be used as potential diagnostic markers for epilepsy. Differential serum metabolites have effects on tryptophan metabolism, iron death and other pathways. Furthermore, a multiomic joint analysis observed a statistically significant correlation between the differential flora and the differential serum metabolites. In our findings, a macrogenomic analysis revealed the presence of dysregulated intestinal flora species and function in adult epileptic patients. Deeper metabolomic analyses revealed differences in serum metabolites between patients with epilepsy and healthy populations. Meanwhile, the multiomic combination showed connection between the gut microbes and circulating metabolites in the EP patients, which may be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - Zhuofeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - Peipei Si
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - Can Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
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Zubareva OE, Sinyak DS, Kalita AD, Griflyuk AV, Diespirov GP, Postnikova TY, Zaitsev AV. Antiepileptogenic Effects of Anakinra, Lamotrigine and Their Combination in a Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15400. [PMID: 37895080 PMCID: PMC10607594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common, chronic disorder with spontaneous seizures that is often refractory to drug therapy. A potential cause of temporal lobe epilepsy is primary brain injury, making prevention of epileptogenesis after the initial event an optimal method of treatment. Despite this, no preventive therapy for epilepsy is currently available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of anakinra, lamotrigine, and their combination on epileptogenesis using the rat lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The study showed that there was no significant difference in the number and duration of seizures between treated and untreated animals. However, the severity of seizures was significantly reduced after treatment. Anakinra and lamotrigine, alone or in combination, significantly reduced neuronal loss in the CA1 hippocampus compared to the control group. However, the drugs administered alone were found to be more effective in preventing neuron loss in the hippocampal CA3 field compared to combination treatment. The treatment alleviated the impairments in activity level, exploratory behavior, and anxiety but had a relatively weak effect on TLE-induced impairments in social behavior and memory. The efficacy of the combination treatment did not differ from that of anakinra and lamotrigine monotherapy. These findings suggest that anakinra and lamotrigine, either alone or in combination, may be clinically useful in preventing the development of histopathological and behavioral abnormalities associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (O.E.Z.); (D.S.S.); (A.D.K.); (A.V.G.); (G.P.D.); (T.Y.P.)
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