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Hughes LA, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Illuminating mitochondrial translation through mouse models. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:R61-R79. [PMID: 38779771 PMCID: PMC11112386 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are hubs of metabolic activity with a major role in ATP conversion by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mammalian mitochondrial genome encodes 11 mRNAs encoding 13 OXPHOS proteins along with 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs, that facilitate their translation on mitoribosomes. Maintaining the internal production of core OXPHOS subunits requires modulation of the mitochondrial capacity to match the cellular requirements and correct insertion of particularly hydrophobic proteins into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial translation system is essential for energy production and defects result in severe, phenotypically diverse diseases, including mitochondrial diseases that typically affect postmitotic tissues with high metabolic demands. Understanding the complex mechanisms that underlie the pathologies of diseases involving impaired mitochondrial translation is key to tailoring specific treatments and effectively targeting the affected organs. Disease mutations have provided a fundamental, yet limited, understanding of mitochondrial protein synthesis, since effective modification of the mitochondrial genome has proven challenging. However, advances in next generation sequencing, cryoelectron microscopy, and multi-omic technologies have revealed unexpected and unusual features of the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery in the last decade. Genome editing tools have generated unique models that have accelerated our mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial translation and its physiological importance. Here we review the most recent mouse models of disease pathogenesis caused by defects in mitochondrial protein synthesis and discuss their value for preclinical research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia A Hughes
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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He XY, Frackowiak J, Dobkin C, Brown WT, Yang SY. Involvement of Type 10 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17604. [PMID: 38139430 PMCID: PMC10743717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 10 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10) is the HSD17B10 gene product playing an appreciable role in cognitive functions. It is the main hub of exercise-upregulated mitochondrial proteins and is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including neurosteroid metabolism to regulate allopregnanolone homeostasis. Deacetylation of 17β-HSD10 by sirtuins helps regulate its catalytic activities. 17β-HSD10 may also play a critical role in the control of mitochondrial structure, morphology and dynamics by acting as a member of the Parkin/PINK1 pathway, and by binding to cyclophilin D to open mitochondrial permeability pore. 17β-HSD10 also serves as a component of RNase P necessary for mitochondrial tRNA maturation. This dehydrogenase can bind with the Aβ peptide thereby enhancing neurotoxicity to brain cells. Even in the absence of Aβ, its quantitative and qualitative variations can result in neurodegeneration. Since elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 were found in brain cells of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse AD models, it is considered to be a key factor in AD pathogenesis. Since data underlying Aβ-binding-alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) were not secured from reported experiments, ABAD appears to be a fabricated alternative term for the HSD17B10 gene product. Results of this study would encourage researchers to solve the question why elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 are present in brains of AD patients and mouse AD models. Searching specific inhibitors of 17β-HSD10 may find candidates to reduce senile neurodegeneration and open new approaches for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Jannusz Frackowiak
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - William Ted Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center of the City, University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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