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Favaron C, Gaiaschi L, Casali C, De Luca F, Gola F, Cavallo M, Ramundo V, Aldieri E, Milanesi G, Visonà SD, Ravera M, Bottone MG. Unraveling Novel Strategies in Mesothelioma Treatments Using a Newly Synthetized Platinum(IV) Compound. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1015. [PMID: 39204360 PMCID: PMC11359418 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor associated with asbestos exposure. Mesothelioma carcinogenesis is related to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and iron overload. Despite the recent advances in biomedical sciences, to date the only available treatments include surgery in a small fraction of patients and platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with pemetrexed. In this view, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the newly synthetized platinum prodrug Pt(IV)Ac-POA compared to cisplatin (CDDP) on human biphasic mesothelioma cell line MSTO-211H using different complementary techniques, such as flow-cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunocytochemistry. Healthy mesothelial cell lines Met-5A were also employed to assess the cytotoxicity of the above-mentioned compounds. Our in vitro results showed that Pt(IV)Ac-POA significantly interfere with iron metabolisms and more importantly is able to trigger cell death, through different pathways, including ferroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis, in neoplastic cells. On the other hand, CDDP triggers mainly apoptotic and necrotic cell death. In conclusion, Pt(IV)Ac-POA may represent a new promising pharmacological agent in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Favaron
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Claudio Casali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Federica Gola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Margherita Cavallo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Valeria Ramundo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Aldieri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (V.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Gloria Milanesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Silvia Damiana Visonà
- Unit of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”,Via Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (L.G.); (C.C.); (F.D.L.); (F.G.); (M.C.); (G.M.)
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Deiana C, Agostini M, Brandi G, Giovannetti E. The trend toward more target therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:525-565. [PMID: 38768098 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2357802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the considerable progress made in cancer treatment through the development of target therapies, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to exhibit resistance to this category of drugs. As a result, chemotherapy combination regimens remain the primary treatment approach for this aggressive cancer. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of past and ongoing trials on both well-known and novel targets that are being explored in PDAC, including PARP, EGFR, HER2, KRAS, and its downstream and upstream pathways (such as RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR), JAK/STAT pathway, angiogenesis, metabolisms, epigenetic targets, claudin, and novel targets (such as P53 and plectin). We also provide a comprehensive overview of the significant trials for each target, allowing a thorough glimpse into the past and future of target therapy. EXPERT OPINION The path toward implementing a target therapy capable of improving the overall survival of PDAC is still long, and it is unlikely that a monotherapy target drug will fulfill a meaningful role in addressing the complexity of this cancer. Thus, we discuss the future direction of target therapies in PDAC, trying to identify the more promising target and combination treatments, with a special focus on the more eagerly awaited ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Deiana
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Agostini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, San Giuliano, Italy
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Zupanc C, Franko A, Štrbac D, Kovač V, Dolžan V, Goričar K. Serum Calretinin and Genetic Variability as a Prognostic and Predictive Factor in Malignant Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:190. [PMID: 38203360 PMCID: PMC10778798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Calretinin is a promising diagnostic biomarker for malignant mesothelioma (MM), but less is known about its prognostic role. Our aim was to evaluate the association between serum calretinin concentration or genetic factors and the survival or outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in MM. Our study included 265 MM patients. Serum calretinin concentration was determined using ELISA. Patients were genotyped for seven polymorphisms in CALB2, E2F2, MIR335, NRF1, and SEPTIN7 using competitive allele-specific PCR. Nonparametric tests, logistic regression, and survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. Higher serum calretinin concentration was associated with shorter progression-free (PFS) (HR = 1.18 (1.02-1.37), p = 0.023) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.20 (1.03-1.41), p = 0.023), but the association was not significant after adjusting for clinical factors (HR = 1.05 (0.85-1.31), p = 0.653 and HR = 1.06 (0.84-1.34), p = 0.613, respectively). SEPTIN7 rs3801339 and MIR335 rs3807348 were associated with survival even after adjustment (HR = 1.76 (1.17-2.64), p = 0.007 and HR = 0.65 (0.45-0.95), p = 0.028, respectively). Calretinin concentration was higher in patients who progressed after treatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy (1.68 vs. 0.45 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Calretinin concentration above 0.89 ng/mL was associated with shorter PFS and OS from the start of chemotherapy (HR = 1.88 (1.28-2.77), p = 0.001 and HR = 1.91 (1.22-2.97), p = 0.004, respectively), even after adjusting for clinical factors (p < 0.05). MIR335 rs3807348 was associated with a better response to chemotherapy (OR = 2.69 (1.17-6.18), p = 0.020). We showed that serum calretinin is associated with survival and chemotherapy treatment outcomes in MM and could serve as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cita Zupanc
- Military Medical Unit-Slovenian Army, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.F.); (D.Š.); (V.K.)
| | - Alenka Franko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.F.); (D.Š.); (V.K.)
- Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Štrbac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.F.); (D.Š.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Kovač
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.F.); (D.Š.); (V.K.)
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Bertin B, Zugman M, Schvartsman G. The Current Treatment Landscape of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5808. [PMID: 38136353 PMCID: PMC10741667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma is expected to increase globally. New treatment options for this malignancy are eagerly awaited to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. The present article highlights the results of recent advances in this field, analyzing data from several relevant trials. The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and biology, together with the low mutational burden, pose a challenge for treating such tumors. So far, no single biomarker has been soundly correlated with targeted therapy development; thus, combination strategies are often required to improve outcomes. Locally applied vaccines, the expansion of genetically engineered immune cell populations such as T cells, the blockage of immune checkpoints that inhibit anti-tumorigenic responses and chemoimmunotherapy are among the most promising options expected to change the mesothelioma treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bertin
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05651-901, Brazil;
| | - Miguel Zugman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05651-901, Brazil;
| | - Gustavo Schvartsman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05651-901, Brazil;
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