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Li H, Liu H, Zhu D, Dou C, Gang B, Zhang M, Wan Z. Biological function molecular pathways and druggability of DNMT2/TRDMT1. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107222. [PMID: 38782147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is among the most common epigenetic modification in DNA and RNA molecules, and plays an important role in the animal development and disease pathogenesis. Interestingly, unlike other m5C DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT2/TRDMT1 has the double-substrate specificity and adopts a DNMT-similar catalytic mechanism to methylate RNA. Moreover, it is widely involved in a variety of physiological regulatory processes, such as the gene expression, precise protein synthesis, immune response, and disease occurrence. Thus, comprehending the epigenetic mechanism and function of DNMT2/TRDMT1 will probably provide new strategies to treat some refractory diseases. Here, we discuss recent studies on the spatiotemporal expression pattern and post-translational modifications of DNMT2/TRDMT1, and summarize the research advances in substrate characteristics, catalytic recognition mechanism, DNMT2/TRDMT1-related genes or proteins, pharmacological application, and inhibitor development. This review will shed light on the pharmacological design by targeting DNMT2/TRDMT1 to treat parasitic, viral and oncologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huari Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China.
| | - Huiru Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Daiyun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Chengli Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Baocai Gang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
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Rolbiecki L, Izdebska JN. Modern Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6373. [PMID: 38928081 PMCID: PMC11204150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasites are very widely distributed in the environment and form complex relationships with their hosts, forming host-parasite systems [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Rolbiecki
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Menezes SA, Tasca T. Extracellular vesicles in parasitic diseases - from pathogenesis to future diagnostic tools. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105310. [PMID: 38316376 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are still a major public health problem especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status in underdeveloped countries. In recent years it has been demonstrated that parasites can release extracellular vesicles that participate in the host-parasite communication, immune evasion, and in governing processes associated with host infection. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound structures released into the extracellular space that can carry several types of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, which directly impact the target cells. Extracellular vesicles have attracted wide attention due to their relevance in host-parasite communication and for their potential value in applications such as in the diagnostic biomarker discovery. This review of the literature aimed to join the current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in host-parasite interaction and summarize its molecular content, providing information for the acquisition of new tools that can be used in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. These findings shed light to the potential of extracellular vesicle cargo derived from protozoan parasites as novel diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Almeida Menezes
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
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Kumar R, Patel R, Priyadarshi RN, Narayan R, Maji T, Anand U, Soni JR. Amebic liver abscess: An update. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:316-330. [PMID: 38577528 PMCID: PMC10989314 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is still a common problem in the tropical world, where it affects over three-quarters of patients with liver abscess. It is caused by an anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba hystolytica, which primarily colonises the cecum. It is a non-suppurative infection of the liver consisting primarily of dead hepatocytes and cellular debris. People of the male gender, during their reproductive years, are most prone to ALA, and this appears to be due to a poorly mounted immune response linked to serum testosterone levels. ALA is more common in the right lobe of the liver, is strongly associated with alcohol consumption, and can heal without the need for drainage. While majority of ALA patients have an uncomplicated course, a number of complications have been described, including rupture into abdomino-thoracic structures, biliary fistula, vascular thrombosis, bilio-vascular compression, and secondary bacterial infection. Based on clinico-radiological findings, a classification system for ALA has emerged recently, which can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions. Recent research has revealed the role of venous thrombosis-related ischemia in the severity of ALA. Recent years have seen the development and refinement of newer molecular diagnostic techniques that can greatly aid in overcoming the diagnostic challenge in endemic area where serology-based tests have limited accuracy. Metronidazole has been the drug of choice for ALA patients for many years. However, concerns over the resistance and adverse effects necessitate the creation of new, safe, and potent antiamebic medications. Although the indication of the drainage of uncomplicated ALA has become more clear, high-quality randomised trials are still necessary for robust conclusions. Percutaneous drainage appears to be a viable option for patients with ruptured ALA and diffuse peritonitis, for whom surgery represents a significant risk of mortality. With regard to all of the aforementioned issues, this article intends to present an updated review of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India.
| | - Rishabh Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | | | - Ruchika Narayan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Tanmoy Maji
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Utpal Anand
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
| | - Jinit R Soni
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India
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Tunali V, Korkmaz M. Emerging and Re-Emerging Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in Europe. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:679-699. [PMID: 37987400 PMCID: PMC10660548 DOI: 10.3390/idr15060062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a rapidly evolving global landscape characterized by increased international travel, migration, and ecological shifts, this study sheds light on the emergence of protozoal and helminthic infections targeting the central nervous system (CNS) within Europe. Despite being traditionally associated with tropical regions, these infections are progressively becoming more prevalent in non-endemic areas. By scrutinizing the inherent risks, potential outcomes, and attendant challenges, this study underscores the intricate interplay between diagnostic limitations, susceptibility of specific population subsets, and the profound influence of climate fluctuations. The contemporary interconnectedness of societies serves as a conduit for introducing and establishing these infections, warranting comprehensive assessment. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of heightened clinician vigilance, judicious public health interventions, and synergistic research collaborations to mitigate the potential consequences of these infections. Though rare, their profound impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the collective urgency required to safeguard the neurological well-being of the European populace. Through this multifaceted approach, Europe can effectively navigate the complex terrain posed with these emergent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varol Tunali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45030 Manisa, Turkey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital, 35170 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Metin Korkmaz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
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