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Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Kwiatkowska K, Marques-da-Silva D, Lagoa R. Cancer Stem Cells from Definition to Detection and Targeted Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3903. [PMID: 38612718 PMCID: PMC11011379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain the second leading cause of mortality in the world. Preclinical and clinical studies point an important role of cancer/leukaemia stem cells (CSCs/LSCs) in the colonisation at secondary organ sites upon metastatic spreading, although the precise mechanisms for specific actions are still not fully understood. Reviewing the present knowledge on the crucial role of CSCs/LSCs, their plasticity, and population heterogeneity in treatment failures in cancer patients is timely. Standard chemotherapy, which acts mainly on rapidly dividing cells, is unable to adequately affect CSCs with a low proliferation rate. One of the proposed mechanisms of CSC resistance to anticancer agents is the fact that these cells can easily shift between different phases of the cell cycle in response to typical cell stimuli induced by anticancer drugs. In this work, we reviewed the recent studies on CSC/LSC alterations associated with disease recurrence, and we systematised the functional assays, markers, and novel methods for CSCs screening. This review emphasises CSCs' involvement in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as CSC/LSC targeting by synthetic and natural compounds aiming at their elimination or modulation of stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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Ni T, Zhang S, Rao J, Zhao J, Huang H, Liu Y, Ding Y, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhang S, Gao Y, Shen L, Ding C, Sun Y. Phlorizin, an Important Glucoside: Research Progress on Its Biological Activity and Mechanism. Molecules 2024; 29:741. [PMID: 38338482 PMCID: PMC10856272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phlorizin, as a flavonoid from a wide range of sources, is gradually becoming known for its biological activity. Phlorizin can exert antioxidant effects by regulating the IL-1β/IKB-α/NF-KB signaling pathway. At the same time, it exerts its antibacterial activity by reducing intracellular DNA agglutination, reducing intracellular protein and energy synthesis, and destroying intracellular metabolism. In addition, phlorizin also has various pharmacological effects such as antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumor, and hepatoprotective effects. Based on domestic and foreign research reports, this article reviews the plant sources, extraction, and biological activities of phlorizin, providing a reference for improving the clinical application of phlorizin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjia Ni
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Jia Rao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Haiqi Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaqian Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuchi Ma
- Jilin Aodong Health Technology Co., Ltd., Yanbian 133700, China;
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- Jilin Aodong Yanbian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yanbian 133700, China;
| | - Yang Gao
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Liqian Shen
- Jilin Jianwei Natural Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Linjiang 134600, China; (Y.G.); (L.S.)
| | - Chuanbo Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
- Jilin Aodong Health Technology Co., Ltd., Yanbian 133700, China;
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China; (T.N.); (J.R.); (J.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.)
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