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Mula A, Yuan X, Lu J. Dendritic cells in Parkinson's disease: Regulatory role and therapeutic potential. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176690. [PMID: 38815784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies. While the traditional focus has been on neuronal and glial cell dysfunction, recent research has shifted towards understanding the role of the immune system, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), in PD pathogenesis. As pivotal antigen-presenting cells, DCs are traditionally recognized for initiating and regulating immune responses. In PD, DCs contribute to disease progression through the presentation of α-synuclein to T cells, leading to an adaptive immune response against neuronal elements. This review explores the emerging role of DCs in PD, highlighting their potential involvement in antigen presentation and T cell immune response modulation. Understanding the multifaceted functions of DCs could reveal novel insights into PD pathogenesis and open new avenues for therapeutic strategies, potentially altering the course of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mula
- Department of Encephalopathy, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150006, PR China; Department of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- School of International Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
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Gu R, Pan J, Awan MUN, Sun X, Yan F, Bai L, Bai J. The major histocompatibility complex participates in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107168. [PMID: 38583689 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). The central nervous system (CNS) has previously been considered as an immune-privileged area. However, studies have shown that the immune responses are involved in PD. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presents antigens from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T lymphocytes, immune responses will be induced. MHCs are expressed in microglia, astrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in MHC are related to the risk of PD. The aggregated α-syn triggers the expression of MHCs by activating glia cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes responses and microglia activation are detected in brains of PD patients. In addiction immune responses further increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and T cell infiltration in PD. Thus, MHCs are involved in PD through participating in immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Gu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianyu Pan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Shen J, Bian N, Zhao L, Wei J. The role of T-lymphocytes in central nervous system diseases. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110904. [PMID: 38387531 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has been considered an immunologically privileged site. In the past few decades, research on inflammation in CNS diseases has mostly focused on microglia, innate immune cells that respond rapidly to injury and infection to maintain CNS homeostasis. Discoveries of lymphatic vessels within the dura mater and peripheral immune cells in the meningeal layer indicate that the peripheral immune system can monitor and intervene in the CNS. This review summarizes recent advances in the involvement of T lymphocytes in multiple CNS diseases, including brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders. It emphasizes that a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of CNS diseases requires intimate knowledge of T lymphocytes. Aiming to promote a better understanding of the relationship between the immune system and CNS and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies targeting T lymphocytes in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ning Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jingkuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Park SY, Yang J, Yang H, Cho I, Kim JY, Bae H. Therapeutic Effects of Aβ-Specific Regulatory T Cells in Alzheimer's Disease: A Study in 5xFAD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:783. [PMID: 38255856 PMCID: PMC10815725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aging global population is placing an increasing burden on healthcare systems, and the social impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise. However, the availability of safe and effective treatments for AD remains limited. Adoptive Treg therapy has been explored for treating neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. To facilitate the clinical application of Treg therapy, we developed a Treg preparation protocol and highlighted the therapeutic effects of Tregs in 5xFAD mice. CD4+CD25+ Tregs, isolated after Aβ stimulation and expanded using a G-rex plate with a gas-permeable membrane, were adoptively transferred into 5xFAD mice. Behavioral analysis was conducted using Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. Additionally, we measured levels of Aβ, phosphorylated tau (pTAU), and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) in the hippocampus. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to assess the mRNA levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Our findings indicate that Aβ-specific Tregs not only improved cognitive function but also reduced Aβ and pTAU accumulation in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice. They also inhibited microglial neuroinflammation. These effects were observed at doses as low as 1.5 × 103 cells/head. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Aβ-specific Tregs can mitigate AD pathology in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (H.Y.)
| | - Juwon Yang
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (I.C.)
| | - Hyejin Yang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (H.Y.)
| | - Inhee Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (I.C.)
| | - Jae Yoon Kim
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, VT Bio. Co., Ltd., 16 Samseong-ro 76-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06185, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (I.C.)
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