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Frenț OD, Stefan L, Morgovan CM, Duteanu N, Dejeu IL, Marian E, Vicaș L, Manole F. A Systematic Review: Quercetin-Secondary Metabolite of the Flavonol Class, with Multiple Health Benefits and Low Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12091. [PMID: 39596162 PMCID: PMC11594109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this systematic review on the flavonol class secondary metabolite quercetin is to evaluate and summarize the existing research on quercetin's potential health benefits, therapeutic properties, and effectiveness in disease prevention and treatment. In addition to evaluating quercetin's potential for drug development with fewer side effects and lower toxicity, this type of review attempts to collect scientific evidence addressing quercetin's roles as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. In the first part, we analyze various flavonoid compounds, focusing on their chemical structure, classification, and natural sources. We highlight their most recent biological activities as reported in the literature. Among these compounds, we pay special attention to quercetin, detailing its chemical structure, physicochemical properties, and process of biosynthesis in plants. We also present natural sources of quercetin and emphasize its health benefits, such as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, we discuss methods to enhance its bioavailability, analyzing the latest and most effective delivery systems based on quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia-Daniela Frenț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Liana Stefan
- Department of Surgical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Claudia Mona Morgovan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Informatics and Sciences, University of Oradea, No 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Narcis Duteanu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnologies, and Environmental Protection, Politehnica University of Timisoara, No. 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timişoara, Romania
- National Institute of Research and Development for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 144 Dr. A. P. Podeanu, 300569 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Lavinia Dejeu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Laura Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, No. 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (O.-D.F.); (E.M.); (L.V.)
| | - Felicia Manole
- Department of Surgical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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