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Sovová H, Pleskač O, Sajfrtová M. Modeling of lipase-catalyzed oil hydrolysis in supercritical CO2 in a packed-bed reactor. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Okulus M, Rychlicka M, Gliszczyńska A. Enzymatic Production of Biologically Active 3-Methoxycinnamoylated Lysophosphatidylcholine via Regioselctive Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis. Foods 2021; 11:7. [PMID: 35010133 PMCID: PMC8750904 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic acidolysis of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) with 3-methoxycinnamic acid (3-OMe-CA) was investigated to produce biologically active 3-methoxycinnamoylated phospholipids. Four commercially available lipases were screened for their ability to incorporate 3-OMe-CA into PC. The results showed that Novozym 435 is the most effective biocatalyst for this process, while during the examination of organic solvents, heptane was found propriate reaction medium. The other reaction parameters including the substrate molar ratio, enzyme load and reaction time were designed using an experimental factorial design method. According to three-level-3-factor Box-Behnken model it was shown that all of studied parameters are crucial variables for the maximization of the synthesis of structured PLs. The optimum conditions derived via response surface methodology (RSM) were: 30% of lipase of the total weight of substrates, 1:15 molar ration of PC/3-OMe-CA and reaction time 4 days. The process of acidolysis performed on the increased scale at optimized parameters afforded two products. The major product, 3-methoxycinnamoylated lysophosphatidylcholine (3-OMe-CA-LPC) was isolated in high 48% yield, while 3-methoxycinnamoylated phosphatidylcholine (3-OMe-CA-PC) was produced in trace amount only in 1.2% yield. Obtained results indicate that presented biotechnological method of synthesis of 3-methoxycinnamoylated lysophosphatidylcholine is competitive to the previously reported chemical one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (M.O.); (M.R.)
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Rodrigues LGG, Mazzutti S, Siddique I, da Silva M, Vitali L, Ferreira SRS. Subcritical water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction applied for the recovery of bioactive components from Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Mill.). J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Del Monte-Martínez A, González-Bacerio J, Varela CM, Vega-Villasante F, Lalana-Rueda R, Nolasco H, Díaz J, Guisán JM. Screening and Immobilization of Interfacial Esterases from Marine Invertebrates as Promising Biocatalyst Derivatives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:903-918. [PMID: 31144254 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial esterases are useful enzymes in bioconversion and racemic mixture resolution processes. Marine invertebrates are few explored potential sources of these proteins. In this work, aqueous extracts of 41 species of marine invertebrates were screened for esterase, lipase, and phospholipase A activities, being all positive. Five extracts (Stichodactyla helianthus, Condylactis gigantea, Stylocheilus longicauda, Zoanthus pulchellus, and Plexaura homomalla) were selected for their activity values and immobilized on Octyl-Sepharose CL 4B support by interfacial adsorption. The selectivity of this immobilization method for interfacial esterases was evidenced by immobilization percentages ≥ 94% in almost all cases for lipase and phospholipase A activities. Six pharmaceutical-relevant esters (phenylethyl butyrate, ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butanoate, 2-oxyranylmethyl acetate (glycidol acetate), 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, methyl-prostaglandin F2α, and methyl-6-metoxy-α-methyl-2-naphtalen-acetate -naproxen methyl ester-) were bioconverted by at least three of these biocatalysts, with the lowest conversion percentage of 24%. In addition, three biocatalysts were used in the racemic mixture resolution of three previous compounds. The S. helianthus-derived biocatalyst showed the highest enantiomeric ratios for glycidol acetate (2.67, (S)-selective) and naproxen methyl ester (8.32, (R)-selective), and the immobilized extract of S. longicauda was the most resolutive toward the ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butanoate (8.13, (S)-selective). These results indicate the relevance of such marine interfacial esterases as immobilized biocatalysts for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Del Monte-Martínez
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 No. 455 entre I y J, Vedado, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 No. 455 entre I y J, Vedado, Havana, Cuba.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 #455 entre I y J, Vedado, 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Carlos M Varela
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.,Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Fernando Vega-Villasante
- Centro Universitario de La Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad #203, Delegación Ixtapa, 48280, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Lalana-Rueda
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 16 #114 entre 1ra y 3ra, Miramar, 11300, Havana, Cuba
| | - Héctor Nolasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mar Bermejo #195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23090, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Díaz
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 No. 455 entre I y J, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - José M Guisán
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Zuin VG, Ramin LZ. Green and Sustainable Separation of Natural Products from Agro-Industrial Waste: Challenges, Potentialities, and Perspectives on Emerging Approaches. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:3. [PMID: 29344754 PMCID: PMC5772139 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New generations of biorefinery combine innovative biomass waste resources from different origins, chemical extraction and/or synthesis of biomaterials, biofuels, and bioenergy via green and sustainable processes. From the very beginning, identifying and evaluating all potentially high value-added chemicals that could be removed from available renewable feedstocks requires robust, efficient, selective, reproducible, and benign analytical approaches. With this in mind, green and sustainable separation of natural products from agro-industrial waste is clearly attractive considering both socio-environmental and economic aspects. In this paper, the concepts of green and sustainable separation of natural products will be discussed, highlighting the main studies conducted on this topic over the last 10 years. The principal analytical techniques (such as solvent, microwave, ultrasound, and supercritical treatments), by-products (e.g., citrus, coffee, corn, and sugarcane waste) and target compounds (polyphenols, proteins, essential oils, etc.) will be presented, including the emerging green and sustainable separation approaches towards bioeconomy and circular economy contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia G Zuin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Luize Z Ramin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
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Serrano-Arnaldos M, Bastida J, Máximo F, Ortega-Requena S, Montiel C. One-Step Solvent-Free Production of a Spermaceti Analogue Using Commercial Immobilized Lipases. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefa Bastida
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Murcia; 30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Fuensanta Máximo
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Murcia; 30071 Murcia Spain
| | | | - Claudia Montiel
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Murcia; 30071 Murcia Spain
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Wimmerová M, Siglerová V, Šaman D, Šlouf M, Kaletová E, Wimmer Z. Improved enzyme-mediated synthesis and supramolecular self-assembly of naturally occurring conjugates of β-sitosterol. Steroids 2017; 117:38-43. [PMID: 27648857 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring acylated β-sitosteryl glucosides have been investigated for their novel properties. The synthetic protocol based on the literature data was improved and optimized. The main improvement consists in employing systems of ionic liquids combined with organic solvents in lipase-mediated esterification of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl β-d-glucopyranoside to get (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl 6-O-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosides. Maximum yields of these products were achieved with Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on Immobead 150, recombinant from yeast, in absolute THF and in the presence of either ionic liquid [1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) or 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6)] employed. Pharmacological activity of (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl 6-O-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosides was studied in tests on MCF7 tumor cell lines; the compounds displayed moderate activity which was higher than the activity of β-sitosterol. Supramolecular characteristics were discovered at (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl 6-O-dodecanoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside that formed supramolecular polymer through multiple H-bonds in a methanol/water system (60/40). Its formation was confirmed by the independent UV-vis measurements during certain time period, by variable temperature DOSY-NMR measurement in deuteriochloroform, and visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showing chiral helical structures and complex superassembly systems based on fibrous supramolecular polymer. In contrary, no such properties have been observed for the other two (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-yl 6-O-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosides under the given experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Wimmerová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Siglerová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kaletová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Wimmer
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, Czech Republic.
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8
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Kuo CH, Chen HH, Chen JH, Liu YC, Shieh CJ. High yield of wax ester synthesized from cetyl alcohol and octanoic acid by lipozyme RMIM and Novozym 435. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11694-11704. [PMID: 23109878 PMCID: PMC3472770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wax esters are long-chain esters that have been widely applied in premium lubricants, parting agents, antifoaming agents and cosmetics. In this study, the biocatalytic preparation of a specific wax ester, cetyl octanoate, is performed in n-hexane using two commercial immobilized lipases, i.e., Lipozyme® RMIM (Rhizomucor miehei) and Novozym® 435 (Candida antarctica). Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) are employed to evaluate the effects of reaction time (1–5 h), reaction temperature (45–65 °C), substrate molar ratio (1–3:1), and enzyme amount (10%–50%) on the yield of cetyl octanoate. Using RSM to optimize the reaction, the maximum yields reached 94% and 98% using Lipozyme® RMIM and Novozym® 435, respectively. The optimum conditions for synthesis of cetyl octanoate by both lipases are established and compared. Novozym® 435 proves to be a more efficient biocatalyst than Lipozyme® RMIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Kuo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department and Graduate Program of Bioindustry Technology, Dayeh University, 168 University Road, Chang-Hwa, 515, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2284-0452 (ext.) 5121; Fax: +886-4-2286-1905
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Kuo CH, Chiang SH, Ju HY, Chen YM, Liao MY, Liu YC, Shieh CJ. Enzymatic synthesis of rose aromatic ester (2-phenylethyl acetate) by lipase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2141-2147. [PMID: 22396119 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Phenylethyl acetate (2-PEAc) is a highly valued natural volatile ester with a rose-like odour that is widely used to add scent or flavour to cosmetics, soaps, foods and drinks. In this study, 2-PEAc was synthesised enzymatically by transesterification of vinyl acetate with 2-phenethyl alcohol catalysed by immobilised lipase (Novozym(®) 435) from Candida antarctic RESULTS Response surface methodology and a three-level/three-factor Box-Behnken design were used to evaluate the effects of time, temperature and enzyme amount on the molar conversion % of 2-PEAc. The results showed that temperature was the most important variable. Based on the ridge max analysis results, optimum enzymatic synthesis conditions were predicted as a reaction time of 79 min, a temperature of 57.8 °C and an enzyme amount of 122.5 mg. The predicted and experimental yields were 86.4 and 85.4% respectively. CONCLUSION Three immobilised lipases were screened and 15 reaction conditions were tested in order to find the combination for maximum yield. The optimisation of 2-PEAc synthesis catalysed by Novozym(®) 435 was successfully developed. The kinetic study of this transesterification reaction showed that it followed an ordered ping-pong bi-bi mechanism without any inhibition by reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Kuo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Keskin H, Koçak D, Göğüş F, Fadıloğlu S. Enzymatic acidolysis of triolein with palmitic and caprylic acids: Optimization of reaction parameters by response surface methodology. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2012. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.011012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Alzweiri M, Sarhan AA, Mansi K, Hudaib M, Aburjai T. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Jordan, the Northern Badia region. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:27-35. [PMID: 21335083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to gather information from aboriginal Bedouins in North Badia region of Jordan about used medicinal herbs besides their folk uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were collected from 40 practitioners who utilized medicinal plants and who were regarded as professional. Subsequently, the uses were compared with the reported ones in the literature. The informant consensus factor (Fic) and use value (UV) have been calculated to those herbs and the managed illnesses. RESULTS The data of 73 species were collected; the vast majority of them are safe such as Achillea falcata, Tamarix aphylla and Teucrium polium. Treatment of inflammation and pain presented the major targeted use of these herbs. While, the herbs used for delivery and female problems were limited. This might be due to the culture conservations about the talk of feminine issues. Diseases of kidney, gastrointestinal and respiratory systems as well as diabetes depicted the largest Fic values. Artemisia herba-alba possessed the highest UV value among the studied herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Alzweiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Ribeiro AS, Oliveira MV, Rebocho SF, Ferreira O, Vidinha P, Barreiros S, Macedo EA, Loureiro JM. Enzymatic Production of Decyl Acetate: Kinetic Study in n-Hexane and Comparison with Supercritical CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie902026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano S. Ribeiro
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela V. Oliveira
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sílvia F. Rebocho
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Olga Ferreira
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vidinha
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana Barreiros
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José M. Loureiro
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Anticancer activity of 3-O-acylated betulinic acid derivatives obtained by enzymatic synthesis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:1025-9. [PMID: 20460723 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An easy and efficient strategy to prepare betulinic acid esters with various anhydrides was used by the enzymatic synthesis method. It involves lipase-catalyzed acylation of betulinic acid with anhydrides as acylating agents in organic solvent. Lipase from Candida antarctica immobilized on an acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was employed as a biocatalyst. Several 3-O-acyl-betulinic acid derivatives were successfully obtained by this procedure. The anticancer activity of betulinic acid and its 3-O-acylated derivatives were then evaluated in vitro against human lung carcinoma (A549) and human ovarian (CAOV3) cancer cell lines. 3-O-glutaryl-betulinic acid, 3-O-acetyl-betulinic acid, and 3-O-succinyl-betulinic acid showed IC(50)<10 microg/ml against A549 cancer cell line tested and showed better cytotoxicity than betulinic acid. In an ovarian cancer cell line, all betulinic acid derivatives prepared showed weaker cytotoxicity than betulinic acid.
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Mackova M, Prouzova P, Stursa P, Ryslava E, Uhlik O, Beranova K, Rezek J, Kurzawova V, Demnerova K, Macek T. Phyto/rhizoremediation studies using long-term PCB-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2009; 16:817-29. [PMID: 19823887 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent a large group of recalcitrant environmental pollutants, differing in the number of chlorine atoms bound to biphenyl ring. Due to their excellent technological properties, PCBs were used as heat-transfer media, for filling transformers and condensers, as paint additives, etc. With increasing knowledge of their toxicity, transfer to food chains and accumulation in living organisms, their production ended in most countries in the 1970s and in 1984 in the former Czechoslovakia. But even a quarter of century after the PCB production ceased, from contaminated areas, the volatile PCBs evaporate and contaminate much larger areas even at very distant parts of the world. For this reason, PCBs still represent a global problem. The main method of PCB removal from contaminated environment is at present the expensive incineration at high temperatures. With the aim of finding effective alternative approaches, we are studying biological methods for PCB removal from the environment. In this paper, we summarise 10 years of studies using long-term PCB-contaminated soil from a dumpsite in South Bohemia, targeted for the use of plants (phytoremediation) and their cooperation with microorganisms in the root zone (rhizoremediation). MATERIALS AND METHODS Long-term contaminated soil from Lhenice dumpsite, more than hundred kilograms of homogenised material, was used in microcosms (pots and buckets), and field plots were established at the site. Tested plants include among others tobacco, black nightshade, horseradish, alfalfa and willow. Aseptic plant cell and tissue cultures were from the collection of the IOCB. Microorganisms were our own isolates. The paper summarises experiments done between 1998 and 2008 with real contaminated soil, both vegetated and non-vegetated. PCB analysis was performed by GC-ECD, metabolic products identified mostly using 2D-GC/MS-MS and synthetic standards, whereas molecular methods included quantitative PCR and sequencing. RESULTS The soil was used both for preparation of field plots at the site and for greenhouse and laboratory tests in microcosms. The results include analyses of changes in PCB content in untreated and vegetated soil, PCB uptake and distribution in different parts of various plant species, analysis of products formed, identification and characterisation of cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria both in rhizosphere and in bulk soil. Different treatments and amendments were also tested. Experiments in real contaminated soil were accompanied by in vitro experiments using aseptic cultures of plant biomass, genetically modified (GM) plants and bacteria, to allow identification of players responsible for PCB metabolisation in soil. The time-span of the experiments allows extrapolating some of the results and drawing conclusions concerning the effectivity of exploitation of various plant species and treatments to remove PCBs from soils. DISCUSSION The approach using plants proved to represent a viable alternative to costly incineration of PCB-contaminated soils. The recent studies using molecular methods show that plants are responsible for the composition of consortia of microorganisms present in their root zone, including those with ability to degrade the chlorinated aromatic compounds. CONCLUSIONS In addition to uptake, accumulation and partial metabolisation of PCBs by plants, compounds produced by plants allow survival of microorganisms even in poor soils, serve as carbon and energy source, and can even induce the degradation pathways of different xenobiotics. Thus, the choice of proper plant species is crucial for effective cleaning of different polluted sites. Our study shows how the efficiency of PCB removal is dependent on the plant used. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES The use of plants in biological remediation of different organic xenobiotics proved to be a useful approach. Further improvement can be expected by application of specifically tailored GM plants and use of selective conditions ensuring high remediation potential based on optimal composition of the soil microbial consortia designed for the needs of given site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mackova
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, ICT Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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