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Kulmaczewski R, Armstrong IT, Catchpole P, Ratcliffe ESJ, Vasili HB, Warriner SL, Cespedes O, Halcrow MA. Di-Iron(II) [2+2] Helicates of Bis-(Dipyrazolylpyridine) Ligands: The Influence of the Ligand Linker Group on Spin State Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202578. [PMID: 36382594 PMCID: PMC10108139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four bis[2-{pyrazol-1-yl}-6-{pyrazol-3-yl}pyridine] ligands have been synthesized, with butane-1,4-diyl (L1 ), pyrid-2,6-diyl (L2 ), benzene-1,2-dimethylenyl (L3 ) and propane-1,3-diyl (L4 ) linkers between the tridentate metal-binding domains. L1 and L2 form [Fe2 (μ-L)2 ]X4 (X- =BF4 - or ClO4 - ) helicate complexes when treated with the appropriate iron(II) precursor. Solvate crystals of [Fe2 (μ-L1 )2 ][BF4 ]4 exhibit three different helicate conformations, which differ in the torsions of their butanediyl linker groups. The solvates exhibit gradual thermal spin-crossover, with examples of stepwise switching and partial spin-crossover to a low-temperature mixed-spin form. Salts of [Fe2 (μ-L2 )2 ]4+ are high-spin, which reflects their highly twisted iron coordination geometry. The composition and dynamics of assembly structures formed by iron(II) with L1 -L3 vary with the ligand linker group, by mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Gas-phase DFT calculations imply the butanediyl linker conformation in [Fe2 (μ-L1 )2 ]4+ influences its spin state properties, but show anomalies attributed to intramolecular electrostatic repulsion between the iron atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kulmaczewski
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Isaac T Armstrong
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pip Catchpole
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Emily S J Ratcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hari Babu Vasili
- School of Physics and Astronomy W. H. Bragg Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy W. H. Bragg Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Malcolm A Halcrow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Spin state of two mononuclear iron(II) complexes of a tridentate bis(imino)pyridine N-donor ligand: Experimental and theoretical investigations. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Xue S, Guo Y. Reversible coordination-induced spin state switching in a nickel( ii) complex via a crystal-to-crystal transformation. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented CISSS behavior driven by a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) process is found in a dinuclear nickel(ii) complex, which provides a new strategy for developing external-stimuli molecular magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shufang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yunnan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Elastic Origin of the Unsymmetrical Thermal Hysteresis in Spin Crossover Materials: Evidence of Symmetry Breaking. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The jungle of experimental behaviors of spin-crossover materials contains a tremendous number of unexpected behaviors, among which, the unsymmetrical hysteresis loops having different shapes on heating and cooling, that we often encounter in literature. Excluding an extra effect of crystallographic phase transitions, we study here these phenomena from the point of view of elastic modeling and we demonstrate that a simple model accounting for the bond lengths misfits between the high-spin and low-spin states is sufficient to describe the situation of unsymmetrical hysteresis showing plateaus at the transition only on cooling or on heating branches. The idea behind this effect relates to the existence of a discriminant elastic frustration in the lattice, which expresses only along the high-spin to low-spin transition or in the opposite side. The obtained two-step transitions showed characteristics of self-organization of the spin states under the form of stripes, which we explain as an emergence process of antagonist directional elastic interactions inside the lattice. The analysis of the spin state transformation inside the plateau on cooling in terms of two sublattices demonstrated that the elastic-driven self-organization of the spin states is accompanied with a symmetry breaking.
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Znovjyak K, Seredyuk M, Malinkin SO, Golenya IA, Sliva TY, Shova S, Mulloev NU. Crystal structure of ( N 1, N 3-bis-{[1-(4-meth-oxy-benz-yl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl-idene}-2,2-di-meth-yl-propane-1,3-di-amine)-bis-(thio-cyanato)-iron(II). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:495-499. [PMID: 34026252 PMCID: PMC8100278 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unit cell of the title compound, [FeII(NCS)2(C29H32N8O2)], consists of eight charge-neutral complex mol-ecules. In the complex mol-ecule, the tetra-dentate ligand N 1,N 3-bis-{[1-(4-meth-oxy-benz-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl-ene}-2,2-di-methyl-propane-1,3-di-amine coordinates to the FeII ion through the N atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole and aldimine groups. Two thio-cyanate anions, coordinated through their N atoms, complete the coordination sphere of the central Fe ion. In the crystal, neighbouring mol-ecules are linked through weak C⋯C, C⋯N and C⋯S inter-actions into a one-dimensional chain running parallel to [010]. The inter-molecular contacts were qu-anti-fied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H⋯H (37.5%), H⋯C/C⋯H (24.7%), H⋯S/S⋯H (15.7%) and H⋯N/N⋯H (11.7%). The average Fe-N bond distance is 2.167 Å, indicating the high-spin state of the FeII ion, which does not change upon cooling, as demonstrated by low-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Znovjyak
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Seredyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergey O. Malinkin
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Iryna A. Golenya
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Y. Sliva
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Department of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular, Chemistry, Romanian Academy of Science, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Nurullo U. Mulloev
- The Faculty of Physics, Tajik National University, Rudaki Avenue 17, Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan
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Znovjyak K, Seredyuk M, Malinkin SO, Golenya IO, Amirkhanov VM, Shova S, Mulloev NU. Crystal structure of { N 1, N 3-bis-[(1- tert-butyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-idene]-2,2-di-methyl-propane-1,3-di-amine}-bis-(thio-cyanato)-iron(II). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:573-578. [PMID: 34026268 PMCID: PMC8100266 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021004412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unit cell of the title compound, [FeII(NCS)2(C19H32N8)], consists of two charge-neutral complex mol-ecules. In the complex mol-ecule, the tetra-dentate ligand N 1 ,N 3-bis-[(1-tert-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-ene]-2,2-di-methyl-propane-1,3-di-amine coordinates to the FeII ion through the N atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole and aldimine groups. Two thio-cyanate anions, also coordinated through their N atoms, complete the coordination sphere of the central Fe ion. In the crystal, neighbouring mol-ecules are linked through weak C-H⋯C/S/N inter-actions into a three-dimensional network. The inter-mol-ecular contacts were qu-anti-fied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H⋯H 50.8%, H⋯C/C⋯H 14.3%, H⋯S/S⋯H 20.5% and H⋯N/N⋯H 12.1%. The average Fe-N bond distance is 2.170 Å, indicating the high-spin state of the FeII ion, which does not change upon cooling, as demonstrated by low-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. DFT calculations of energy frameworks at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) theory level were performed to account for the inter-actions involved in the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Znovjyak
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Seredyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergey O. Malinkin
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Iryna O. Golenya
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir M. Amirkhanov
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Department of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular, Chemistry, Romanian Academy of Science, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Nurullo U. Mulloev
- The Faculty of Physics, Tajik National University, Rudaki Avenue 17, Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan
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Znovjyak K, Seredyuk M, Malinkin SO, Shova S, Soliev L. Crystal structure of { N 1, N 3-bis-[(1-benzyl-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-idene]-2,2-di-methyl-propane-1,3-di-amine}bis-(thio-cyanato-κ N)iron(II). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:1661-1664. [PMID: 33117585 PMCID: PMC7534255 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020012608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The unit cell of the title compound, [FeII(NCS)2(C25H28N8)], consists of two charge-neutral complex mol-ecules related by an inversion centre. In the complex mol-ecule, the tetra-dentate ligand N 1,N 3-bis-[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl-ene]-2,2-di-methyl-propane-1,3-di-amine coordinates to the FeII ion through the N atoms of the 1,2,3-triazole moieties and aldimine groups. Two thio-cyanate anions, coordinating through their N atoms, complete the coordination sphere of the central ion. In the crystal, neighbouring mol-ecules are linked through weak C-H⋯π, C-H⋯S and C-H⋯N inter-actions into a two-dimensional network extending parallel to (011). The inter-molecular contacts were qu-anti-fied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, revealing the relative contributions of the contacts to the crystal packing to be H⋯H (35.2%), H⋯C/C⋯H (26.4%), H⋯S/S⋯H (19.3%) and H⋯N/N⋯H (13.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Znovjyak
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Seredyuk
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergey O. Malinkin
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Department of Inorganic Polymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular, Chemistry, Romanian Academy of Science, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, Iasi, 700487, Romania
| | - Lutfullo Soliev
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Tajik State Pedagogical University, Rudaki 121, 734003 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
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Iron(II) Spin Crossover Complex with the 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Linear Pentadentate Schiff-Base Ligand and the MeCN Monodentate Ligand. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9060276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A mononuclear iron(II) complex bearing the linear pentadentate N5 Schiff-base ligand containing two 1,2,3-triazole moieties and the MeCN monodentate ligand, [FeIIMeCN(L3-Me-3Ph)](BPh4)2·MeCN·H2O (1), have been prepared (L3-Me-3Ph = bis(N,N′-1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-methylideneaminopropyl)methylamine). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed an incomplete one-step spin crossover (SCO) from the room-temperature low-spin (LS, S = 0) state to a mixture of the LS and high-spin (HS, S = 2) species at the higher temperature of around 400 K upon first heating, which is irreversible on the consecutive cooling mode. The magnetic modulation at around 400 K was induced by the crystal-to-amorphous transformation accompanied by the loss of lattice MeCN solvent, which was evident from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies and themogravimetry. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies showed that the complex is in the LS state (S = 0) between 296 and 387 K. In the crystal lattice, the complex-cations and B(1)Ph4− ions are alternately connected by intermolecular CH···π interactions between the methyl group of the MeCN ligand and phenyl groups of B(1)Ph4− ions, forming a 1D chain structure. The 1D chains are further connected by P4AE (parallel fourfold aryl embrace) interactions between two neighboring complex-cations, constructing a 2D extended structure. B(2)Ph4− ions and MeCN lattice solvents exist in the spaces of the 2D layer. DFT calculations verified that the 1,2,3-triazole-containing ligand L3-Me-3Ph gives a stronger ligand field around the octahedral coordination environment of the iron(II) ion than the analogous imidazole-containing ligand H2L2Me (= bis(N,N′-2-methylimidazol-4-yl-methylideneaminopropyl)methylamine) of the known compound [FeIIMeCN(H2L2Me)](BPh4)1.5·Cl0.5·0.5MeCN (2) reported by Matsumoto et al. (Nishi, K.; Fujinami, T.; Kitabayashi, A.; Matsumoto, N. Tetrameric spin crossover iron(II) complex constructed by imidazole⋯chloride hydrogen bonds. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2011, 14, 1073–1076), resulting in the much higher spin transition temperature of 1 than that of 2.
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High-temperature Spin Crossover of a Solvent-Free Iron(II) Complex with the Linear Hexadentate Ligand [Fe(L2-3-2Ph)](AsF6)2 (L2-3-2Ph = bis[N-(1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylidene-2-aminoethyl]-1,3- propanediamine). MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel mononuclear iron(II) complex with a linear hexadentate N6 ligand, containing two 1,2,3-triazole moieties, [Fe(L2-3-2Ph)](AsF6)2 (1), was synthesized (L2-3-2Ph = bis[N-(1-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylidene-2-aminoethyl]-1,3-propanediamine). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed a gradual one-step spin crossover (SCO) between the high-spin (HS, S = 2) and low-spin (LS, S = 0) states above room temperature (T1/2 = 468 K). The spin transition was further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study showed that the complex was in the LS state (S = 0) at room temperature (296 K). In the crystal lattice, a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular network was formed by intermolecular CH⋯ and – interactions of neighboring complex cations [Fe(L2-3-2Ph)]2+. AsF6− ions were located interstitially in the 3D network of complex cations, with no solvent-accessible voids. The crystal structure at 448 K (mixture of HS and LS species) was also successfully determined thanks to the thermal stability of the solvent-free crystal.
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Senthil Kumar K, Bayeh Y, Gebretsadik T, Elemo F, Gebrezgiabher M, Thomas M, Ruben M. Spin-crossover in iron(ii)-Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15321-15337. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A collective overview of iron(ii)-Schiff base complexes, showing abrupt and hysteretic SCO suitable for device applications, and the structure–property relationships governing the SCO of the complexes in the solid-state is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux-Université de Strasbourg23
- F-67034 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Yosef Bayeh
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Gebretsadik
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
| | - Fikre Elemo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
| | - Mamo Gebrezgiabher
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
| | - Madhu Thomas
- Department of Industrial Chemistry
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
- Addis Ababa
- Ethiopia
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux-Université de Strasbourg23
- F-67034 Strasbourg
- France
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
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Hogue RW, Singh S, Brooker S. Spin crossover in discrete polynuclear iron(ii) complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7303-7338. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of 127 dinuclear to octanuclear complexes, mostly 2012-present, reveals key design features and future directions for spin crossover active supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W. Hogue
- Department of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Singh
- Department of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054
- New Zealand
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Investigation of the Spin Crossover Properties of Three Dinulear Fe(II) Triple Helicates by Variation of the Steric Nature of the Ligand Type. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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