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Hizbullah L, Rahaman A, Safavi S, Haukka M, Tocher DA, Lisensky GC, Nordlander E. Synthesis of phosphine derivatives of [Fe 2(CO) 6(μ-sdt)] (sdt = SCH 2SCH 2S) and investigation of their proton reduction capabilities. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112272. [PMID: 37339572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of [Fe2(CO)6(μ-sdt)] (1) (sdt = SCH2SCH2S) with phosphine ligands have been investigated. Treatment of 1 with dppm (bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) or dcpm (bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane) affords the diphosphine-bridged products [Fe2(CO)4(μ-sdt)(μ-dppm)] (2) and [Fe2(CO)4(μ-sdt)(μ-dcpm)] (3), respectively. The complex [Fe2(CO)4(μ-sdt)(κ2-dppv)] (4) with a chelating diphosphine was obtained by reacting 1 with dppv (cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene). Reaction of 1 with dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) produces [{Fe2(CO)4(μ-sdt)}2(μ-κ1-dppe)] (5) in which the diphosphine forms an intermolecular bridge between two diiron cluster fragments. Three products were obtained when dppf (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) was introduced to complex 1; they were [Fe2(CO)5(μ-sdt)(κ1-dppfO)] (6), the previously known [{Fe2(CO)5(μ-sdt)}2(μ-κ1-κ1-dppf)] (7), and [Fe2(CO)4(μ-sdt)(μ-dppf)] (8), with complex 8 being produced in highest yield. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on compounds 2, 3 and 8. All structures reveal the adoption of an anti-arrangement of the dithiolate bridges, while the diphosphines occupy dibasal positions. Infra-red spectroscopy indicates that the mono-substituted complexes 5, 6, and 7 are inert to protonation by HBF4.Et2O, but complexes 2, 3, 4 and [Fe2(CO)5(μ-sdt)(κ1-PPh3)] (9) show shifts of their ν(C-O) resonances that indicate that protons bind to the metal cores of the clusters. Addition of the one-electron oxidant [Cp2Fe]PF6 does not lead to any discernable shift in the IR resonances. The redox chemistry of the complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and the abilities of complexes to catalyze electrochemical proton reduction were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintang Hizbullah
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 120, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ahibur Rahaman
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 120, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Seyedeh Safavi
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 120, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Box 111, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Derek A Tocher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Ebbe Nordlander
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 120, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Rovaletti A, Ryde U, Moro G, Cosentino U, Greco C. How general is the effect of the bulkiness of organic ligands on the basicity of metal-organic catalysts? H 2-evolving Mo oxides/sulphides as case studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29471-29479. [PMID: 36437742 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring the activity of an organometallic catalyst usually requires a targeted ligand design. Tuning the ligand bulkiness and tuning the electronic properties are popular approaches, which are somehow interdependent because substituents of different sizes within ligands can determine inter alia the occurrence of different degrees of inductive effects. Ligand basicity, in particular, turned out to be a key property for the modulation of protonation reactions occurring in vacuo at the metals in complexes bearing organophosphorus ligands; however, when the same reactions take place in a polar organic solvent, their energetics becomes dependent on the trade-off between ligand basicity and bulkiness, with the polarity of the solvent playing a key role in this regard [Bancroft et al., Inorg. Chem., 1986, 25, 3675; Rovaletti et al., J. Phys. Org. Chem., 2018, 31, e3748]. In the present contribution, we carried out molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations on water-soluble Mo-based catalysts for proton reduction, in order to study the energetics of protonation reactions in complexes where the incipient proton binds a catalytically active ligand (i.e., an oxide or a disulphide). We considered complexes either soaked in water or in a vacuum, and featuring N-based ancillary ligands of different bulkiness (i.e. cages constituted either by pyridine or isoquinoline moieties). Our results show that the energetics of protonation events can be affected by ancillary ligand bulkiness even when the metal center does not play the role of the H+ acceptor. In vacuo, protonation at the O or S atom in the α position relative to the metal in complexes featuring the bulky isoquinoline-based ligand is more favored by around 10 kcal mol-1 when compared to the case of the pyridine-based counterparts, a difference that is almost zero when the same reactions occur in water. Such an outcome is rationalized in light of the different electrostatic properties of complexes bearing ancillary ligands of different sizes. The overall picture from theory indicates that such effects of ligand bulkiness can be relevant for the design of green chemistry catalysts that undergo protonation steps in water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rovaletti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milano, Italy.
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Giorgio Moro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Milano-Bicocca University, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo Cosentino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudio Greco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, Piazza della Scienza 1, Milano, Italy.
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3
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Mele A, Arrigoni F, Elleouet C, Pétillon FY, Schollhammer P, Zampella G. Insights into Triazolylidene Ligands Behaviour at a Di-Iron Site Related to [FeFe]-Hydrogenases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154700. [PMID: 35897863 PMCID: PMC9369626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The behaviour of triazolylidene ligands coordinated at a {Fe2(CO)5(µ-dithiolate)} core related to the active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases have been considered to determine whether such carbenes may act as redox electron-reservoirs, with innocent or non-innocent properties. A novel complex featuring a mesoionic carbene (MIC) [Fe2(CO)5(Pmpt)(µ-pdt)] (1; Pmpt = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene; pdt = propanedithiolate) was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies, elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry. Comparison with the spectroscopic characteristics of its analogue [Fe2(CO)5(Pmbt)(µ-pdt)] (2; Pmbt = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-butyl-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) showed the effect of the replacement of a n-butyl by a phenyl group in the 1,2,3-triazole heterocycle. A DFT study was performed to rationalize the electronic behaviour of 1, 2 upon the transfer of two electrons and showed that such carbenes do not behave as redox ligands. With highly perfluorinated carbenes, electronic communication between the di-iron site and the triazole cycle is still limited, suggesting low redox properties of MIC ligands used in this study. Finally, although the catalytic performances of 2 towards proton reduction are weak, the protonation process after a two-electron reduction of 2 was examined by DFT and revealed that the protonation process is favoured by S-protonation but the stabilized diprotonated intermediate featuring a {Fe-H⋯H-S} interaction does not facilitate the release of H2 and may explain low efficiency towards HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mele
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaire et Chimie Analytique, UMR 6521 CNRS-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837—6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France; (A.M.); (F.Y.P.)
| | - Federica Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (C.E.); (P.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Catherine Elleouet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaire et Chimie Analytique, UMR 6521 CNRS-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837—6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France; (A.M.); (F.Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (C.E.); (P.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - François Y. Pétillon
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaire et Chimie Analytique, UMR 6521 CNRS-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837—6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France; (A.M.); (F.Y.P.)
| | - Philippe Schollhammer
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaire et Chimie Analytique, UMR 6521 CNRS-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837—6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CEDEX 3, 29238 Brest, France; (A.M.); (F.Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (C.E.); (P.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Zampella
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (C.E.); (P.S.); (G.Z.)
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4
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Role of a Redox-Active Ligand Close to a Dinuclear Activating Framework. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2022_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Hogarth G, Orton G, Ghosh S, Sarker JC, Pugh D, Richmond MG, Hartl F, Alker L. Biomimetics of [FeFe]-hydrogenases incorporating redox-active ligands: Synthesis, redox and spectroelectrochemistry of diiron-dithiolate complexes with ferrocenyl-diphosphines as Fe4S4 surrogates. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9748-9769. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00419d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[FeFe]-ase biomimics containing a redox-active ferrocenyl diphosphine have been prepared and their ability to reduce protons and oxidise H2 studied, including 1,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) complexes Fe2(CO)4(-dppf)(-S(CH2)nS) (n = 2, edt; n...
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6
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Arrigoni F, Elleouet C, Mele A, Pétillon FY, De Gioia L, Schollhammer P, Zampella G. Insights into the Two‐Electron Reductive Process of [FeFe]H
2
ase Biomimetics: Cyclic Voltammetry and DFT Investigation on Chelate Control of Redox Properties of [Fe
2
(CO)
4
(κ
2
‐Chelate)(μ‐Dithiolate)]. Chemistry 2020; 26:17536-17545. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Catherine Elleouet
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 29238 Brest-Cedex 3 France
| | - Andrea Mele
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 29238 Brest-Cedex 3 France
| | - François Y. Pétillon
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 29238 Brest-Cedex 3 France
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Philippe Schollhammer
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 29238 Brest-Cedex 3 France
| | - Giuseppe Zampella
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
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7
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Yan L, Zhang ZY, Yang J, Liu XF, Li YL, Liu XH. Tris(2-thienyl)phosphine-substituted diiron propanedithiolate complexes: Synthesis, spectroscopy, crystal structures, electrochemistry, and fungicidal activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1854755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Zong-Yong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xu-Feng Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Xing-Hai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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8
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El‐khateeb M, Abul‐Futouh H, Alshurafa H, Görls H, Weigand W. Influence of bidentate phosphine ligands on the chemistry of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model: insight into molecular structures and electrochemical characteristics. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El‐khateeb
- Chemistry Department Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Hassan Abul‐Futouh
- Department of Pharmacy Al‐Zaytoonah University of Jordan P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
| | - Hadil Alshurafa
- Chemistry Department Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Humbodt‐Straße 2 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Humbodt‐Straße 2 Jena 07743 Germany
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9
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Ghosh S, Hollingsworth N, Warren M, Hrovat DA, Richmond MG, Hogarth G. Hydrogenase biomimics containing redox-active ligands: Fe2(CO)4(μ-edt)(κ2-bpcd) with electron-acceptor 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) as a potential [Fe4–S4]H surrogate. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6051-6060. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The diiron centre and redox-active diphosphine are reduced in separate steps but there is little evidence of intramolecular electron transfer between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- King's College London
- London SE1 1DB
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | - David A. Hrovat
- Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling
- University of North Texas
- Denton
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Graeme Hogarth
- Department of Chemistry
- King's College London
- London SE1 1DB
- UK
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10
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Unwin DG, Ghosh S, Ridley F, Richmond MG, Holt KB, Hogarth G. Models of the iron-only hydrogenase enzyme: structure, electrochemistry and catalytic activity of Fe2(CO)3(μ-dithiolate)(μ,κ1,κ2-triphos). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6174-6190. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00700h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of Fe2(triphos)(CO)3(μ-dithiolate) complexes have been prepared and studied as models of the diiron centre in [FeFe]-hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Shishir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Faith Ridley
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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