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Werner L, Radius U. NHC aluminum chemistry on the rise. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:16436-16454. [PMID: 39225565 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This perspective highlights recent developments of the use of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (cAACs) in alane and aluminum organyl chemistry. Especially in the last few years this flourishing research field led to some remarkable discoveries including various substitution patterns at the central aluminum atom, different oxidation states, neutral and charged compounds with varying coordination numbers and unique reactivities. Thereby NHCs play a vital role in the stabilization of these otherwise highly reactive compounds, which would not be realizable without the use of this intriguing class of ligands. Nevertheless, main group hydrides and especially NHC ligated alanes also tend to undergo NHC decomposition reactions, which are part of ongoing research and provide important information for NHC research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Werner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Chowdhury T, Murphy F, Kennedy AR, Wilson C, Farnaby JH, Weetman CE. Synthesis and Reactivity of Bis-tris(pyrazolyl)borate Lanthanide/Aluminum Heterobimetallic Trihydride Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9390-9394. [PMID: 38682828 PMCID: PMC11134492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular heterobimetallic hydride complexes of lanthanide (Ln) and main-group (MG) metals exhibit chemical properties unique from their monometallic counterparts and are highly reactive species, making their synthesis and isolation challenging. Herein, molecular Ln/Al heterobimetallic trihydrides [Ln(Tp)2(μ-H)2Al(H)(N″)] [2-Ln; Ln = Y, Sm, Dy, Yb; Tp = hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate; N″ = N(SiMe3)2] have been synthesized by facile insertion of aminoalane [Me3N·AlH3] into the Ln-N amide bonds of [Ln(Tp)2(N″)] (1-Ln). Thus, this is a simple synthetic strategy to access a range of Ln/Al hydrides. Reactivity studies demonstrate that 2-Ln is a heterobimetallic hydride, with evidence for the cooperative nature of 2-Ln shown by the catalytic amine-borane dehydrocoupling under ambient conditions in contrast to its monomeric counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajrian Chowdhury
- Joseph
Black Building, School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Fáinché Murphy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Claire Wilson
- Joseph
Black Building, School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Joy H. Farnaby
- Joseph
Black Building, School of Chemistry, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Catherine E. Weetman
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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3
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Pahar S, Kundu G, George CP, Gonnade RG, Sen SS. Substitution at a Coordinatively Saturated Aluminum Center Stabilized by Imidazolidin-2-imine. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Pahar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Christy P. George
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Synthesis and Structural Comparisons of NHC-Alanes. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used in organometallic chemistry. Here, we examine the role of NHCs in the stabilisation of aluminium hydrides, AlH3, also known as alanes. This includes an assessment of the various synthetic strategies, comparisons of structural parameters and theoretical insight. Based on percent buried volume (%Vbur) parameters, we report the largest and smallest NHC alanes to date, with noted differences in their observed stability in both the solution and solid state.
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Zhai S, Forsyth C, Liu Z, Vidović D. Synthesis of Mono- and Acyclic Bis-aminoboranes via Controlled Hydroboration of Imines. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhai
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Craig Forsyth
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
| | - Zhizhou Liu
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Dragoslav Vidović
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Clayton, Australia
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Weetman C, Porzelt A, Bag P, Hanusch F, Inoue S. Dialumenes - aryl vs. silyl stabilisation for small molecule activation and catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4817-4827. [PMID: 34122939 PMCID: PMC8159210 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01561j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Main group multiple bonds have proven their ability to act as transition metal mimics in the last few decades. However, catalytic application of these species is still in its infancy. Herein we report the second neutral NHC-stabilised dialumene species by use of a supporting aryl ligand (3). Different to the trans-planar silyl-substituted dialumene (3Si), compound 3 features a trans-bent and twisted geometry. The differences between the two dialumenes are explored computationally (using B3LYP-D3/6-311G(d)) as well as experimentally. A high influence of the ligand's steric demand on the structural motif is revealed, giving rise to enhanced reactivity of 3 enabled by a higher flexibility in addition to different polarisation of the aluminium centres. As such, facile activation of dihydrogen is now achievable. The influence of ligand choice is further implicated in two different catalytic reactions; not only is the aryl-stabilised dialumene more catalytically active but the resulting product distributions also differ, thus indicating the likelihood of alternate mechanisms simply through a change of supporting ligand. Ligand controlled reactivity: a trans-bent and twisted geometry enables dihydrogen activation and enhanced catalytic activity for NHC-stabilised dialumenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstra βe 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstra βe 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstra βe 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstra βe 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstra βe 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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Wilm LF, Mehlmann P, Buß F, Dielmann F. Synthesis and characterization of strongly electron-donating bidentate phosphines containing imidazolin-2-ylidenamino substituents and their electron-rich nickel(0), palladium(II) and gold(I) chelate complexes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Liu H, Khononov M, Fridman N, Tamm M, Eisen MS. (Benz)Imidazolin-2-iminato Aluminum, Zinc, and Magnesium Complexes and Their Applications in Ring Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13426-13439. [PMID: 31556598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City, 32000, Israel
| | - Maxim Khononov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City, 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City, 32000, Israel
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City, 32000, Israel
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