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Fennine C, Favaro R, Khomenko I, Biasioli F, Cappellin L, Angeli S. Diel rhythm of volatile emissions from males and females of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae using PTR-ToF and GC-MS. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 153:104596. [PMID: 38072186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae, is the major key pest of olive groves worldwide. As an odor-driven species, its intraspecific communication has been thoroughly investigated, yielding a combination of spiroacetals, esters and hydrocarbons. However, its management with pheromone is still restricted to olean, the major pheromone component. Given the crucial role of circadian rhythm and pheromone blends in mediating flies reproductive behavior compared to single compounds, B. oleae headspace chemical profile was carefully examined, through the combination of Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). This novel approach aimed at continuously investigating the temporal scale of volatilome profile of B. oleae individuals, as well as the determination of new candidate sex-borne compounds (particularly those emitted in traces or having low molecular weight), that may be relevant to the fly's chemical communication and were unreported due to limitations of frequently used analytical techniques. Our results describe the dynamics and diversity of B. oleae chemical profile, highlighting the emission of 90 compounds, with clear diel rhythm of release, of known pheromone components of B. oleae (e.g., olean, alpha-pinene and muscalure) and new candidates. In contrast to ammonia, acetaldehyde and muscalure, which were highly emitted during the afternoon by males and mixed groups, olean was mostly released by mature females and mixed groups, with a peak of emission during early-morning and afternoon. This emission of olean around dawn is reported for the first time, suggesting early-morning mating activity in B. oleae. Furthermore, esters, such as methyl tetradecanoate, which had been earlier identified as a pheromone for B. oleae, did not exhibit any discernible release patterns. These findings are the first to demonstrate the emission of chemicals, which are only produced when males and females are close to one another, with an emission peak during the afternoon (mating period), and that may have aphrodisiac properties for B. oleae males. These results emphasize the relevance of compounds with distinct diel rhythm and address their potential function as intraspecific messengers, according to their source and timing of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaymae Fennine
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Favaro
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Cappellin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Li XL, Li DD, Cai XY, Cheng DF, Lu YY. Reproductive behavior of fruit flies: courtship, mating, and oviposition. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:935-952. [PMID: 37794312 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Many species of the Tephritidae family are invasive and cause huge damage to agriculture and horticulture, owing to their reproductive characteristics. In this review, we have summarized the existing studies on the reproductive behavior of Tephritidae, particularly those regarding the genes and external factors that are associated with courtship, mating, and oviposition. Furthermore, we outline the issues that still need to be addressed in fruit fly reproduction research. The review highlights the implications for understanding the reproductive behavior of fruit flies and discusses methods for their integrated management and biological control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lian Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dou-Dou Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yan Cai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dai-Feng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu ZJ, Yang JW, Chen ZH, Chang C, Ma YP, Li N, Deng M, Mao GL, Bao Q, Deng SZ, Liu H. Exploration of Clove Bud ( Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil as a Novel Attractant against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Its Safety Evaluation. INSECTS 2022; 13:918. [PMID: 36292866 PMCID: PMC9603929 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive polyphagous species that targets many economically important fruits and vegetables. The primary control of B. dorsalis relies mainly on the use of synthetic chemicals, and excessive use of these chemicals has adverse effects on both the environment and human health. Environmentally friendly management of pests involving plant essential oils is useful for controlling the populations of pests responsible for decreasing the yields and quality of crops. In the present study, we demonstrate that clove bud essential oil (CBEO) is strongly attractive to sexually mature males. Mature males responded to the CBEO differently throughout the day; the strongest response was elicited during the day and decreased at dusk. Virgin and mated mature males did not respond differently to CBEO. No obvious response behaviour to the CBEO was observed in two species of beneficial natural predator ladybirds. In addition, a cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that CBEO is nontoxic to normal human and mouse cells. Based on our laboratory experiments, CBEO may serve as a promising, sustainable, and environmentally friendly attractant for B. dorsalis males; however, field experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jie Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jing-Wei Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zi-Han Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yu-Pei Ma
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Nan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Gen-Lin Mao
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute, Hunan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Deng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Abnormal Antennal Olfactory Sensilla Phenotypes Involved in Olfactory Deficit in Bactrocera correcta (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060535. [PMID: 35735871 PMCID: PMC9224687 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tephritidae fruit flies sense odorants mainly through antennal olfactory sensilla with nanopores. Therefore, theoretically, the development of nanopore-targeted pest control technologies is an important direction in the future. Here, we report naturally occurring abnormal antennal trichoid and basiconic olfactory sensilla phenotypes consisting of abnormal bulges and reduced nanopore numbers in a long-term laboratory rearing colony of the guava fruit fly Bactrocera correcta, and further find that the reduction of nanopore numbers in these sensilla led to an olfactory deficit. Our findings provide a basis for developing nanopore-targeted pest control technologies in the future. Abstract The guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta, is one of the most destructive pests in the genus Bactrocera and detects environmental odorants mainly through antennal olfactory sensilla phenotypes with nanopores. However, it is unclear whether there are naturally occurring abnormal antennal olfactory sensilla phenotypes that affect olfaction. Here, we found that there were abnormal bulges besides nanopores on the surface of trichoid and basiconic olfactory sensilla in the antennal flagellum of long-term laboratory rearing colony (LTC), and that nanopore number in these olfactory sensilla was also remarkably reduced. Notably, the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of LTC insects to methyl eugenol or β-caryophyllene were inhibited, and their behavioral responses elicited by the same odorants were also impaired. These results revealed naturally occurring abnormal antennal olfactory sensilla phenotypes which were involved in olfactory deficit in B. correcta, providing a platform to further study nanopore-targeted pest control technologies in the future.
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Scolari F, Valerio F, Benelli G, Papadopoulos NT, Vaníčková L. Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050408. [PMID: 33946603 PMCID: PMC8147262 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Dipteran family Tephritidae (true fruit flies) comprises more than 5000 species classified in 500 genera distributed worldwide. Tephritidae include devastating agricultural pests and highly invasive species whose spread is currently facilitated by globalization, international trade and human mobility. The ability to identify and exploit a wide range of host plants for oviposition, as well as effective and diversified reproductive strategies, are among the key features supporting tephritid biological success. Intraspecific communication involves the exchange of a complex set of sensory cues that are species- and sex-specific. Chemical signals, which are standing out in tephritid communication, comprise long-distance pheromones emitted by one or both sexes, cuticular hydrocarbons with limited volatility deposited on the surrounding substrate or on the insect body regulating medium- to short-distance communication, and host-marking compounds deposited on the fruit after oviposition. In this review, the current knowledge on tephritid chemical communication was analysed with a special emphasis on fruit fly pest species belonging to the Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, and Rhagoletis genera. The multidisciplinary approaches adopted for characterising tephritid semiochemicals, and the real-world applications and challenges for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biological control strategies are critically discussed. Future perspectives for targeted research on fruit fly chemical communication are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
| | - Federica Valerio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou st., N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.)
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Rectal gland exudates and emissions of Bactrocera bryoniae: chemical identification, electrophysiological and pheromonal functions. CHEMOECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-020-00335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Noushini S, Park SJ, Jamie I, Jamie J, Taylor P. Sampling technique biases in the analysis of fruit fly volatiles: a case study of Queensland fruit fly. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19799. [PMID: 33188282 PMCID: PMC7666149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse methods have been used to sample insect semiochemicals. Sampling methods can differ in efficiency and affinity and this can introduce significant biases when interpreting biological patterns. We compare common methods used to sample tephritid fruit fly rectal gland volatiles ('pheromones'), focusing on Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Solvents of different polarity, n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol, were compared using intact and crushed glands. Polydimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene and polyacrylate were compared as adsorbents for solid phase microextraction. Tenax-GR and Porapak Q were compared as adsorbents for dynamic headspace sampling. Along with compounds previously reported for B. tryoni, we detected five previously unreported compounds in males, and three in females. Dichloromethane extracted more amides while there was no significant difference between the three solvents in extraction of spiroacetals except for (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane for which n-hexane extracted higher amount than both dichloromethane and ethanol. Ethanol failed to contain many of the more volatile compounds. Crushed rectal gland samples provided higher concentrations of extracted compounds than intact rectal gland samples, but no compounds were missed in intact samples. Of solid phase microextraction fibers, polyacrylate had low affinity for spiroacetals, ethyl isobutyrate and ethyl-2-methylbutanoate. Polydimethylsiloxane was more efficient for spiroacetals while type of fiber did not affect the amounts of amides and esters. In dynamic headspace sampling, Porapak was more efficient for ethyl isobutyrate and spiroacetals, while Tenax was more efficient for other esters and amides, and sampling time was a critical factor. Biases that can be introduced by sampling methods are important considerations when collecting and interpreting insect semiochemical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Noushini
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Soo Jean Park
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ian Jamie
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Joanne Jamie
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Phillip Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Attraction and Electrophysiological Response to Identified Rectal Gland Volatiles in Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061275. [PMID: 32168881 PMCID: PMC7143976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactrocera frauenfeldi (Schiner) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a polyphagous fruit fly pest species that is endemic to Papua New Guinea and has become established in several Pacific Islands and Australia. Despite its economic importance for many crops and the key role of chemical-mediated sexual communication in the reproductive biology of tephritid fruit flies, as well as the potential application of pheromones as attractants, there have been no studies investigating the identity or activity of rectal gland secretions or emission profiles of this species. The present study (1) identifies the chemical profile of volatile compounds produced in rectal glands and released by B. frauenfeldi, (2) investigates which of the volatile compounds elicit an electroantennographic or electropalpographic response, and (3) investigates the potential function of glandular emissions as mate-attracting sex pheromones. Rectal gland extracts and headspace collections from sexually mature males and females of B. frauenfeldi were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Male rectal glands contained (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane as a major component and (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane as a moderate component. Minor components included palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and ethyl oleate. In contrast, female rectal glands contained (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and ethyl laurate as major components, ethyl myristate and ethyl palmitoleate as moderate components, and 18 minor compounds including amides, esters, and spiroacetals. Although fewer compounds were detected from the headspace collections of both males and females than from the gland extractions, most of the abundant chemicals in the rectal gland extracts were also detected in the headspace collections. Gas chromatography coupled electroantennographic detection found responses to (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane from the antennae of both male and female B. frauenfeldi. Responses to (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane were elicited from the antennae of females but not males. The two spiroacetals also elicited electropalpographic responses from both male and female B. frauenfeldi. Ethyl caprate and methyl laurate, found in female rectal glands, elicited responses in female antennae and palps, respectively. Y-maze bioassays showed that females were attracted to the volatiles from male rectal glands but males were not. Neither males nor females were attracted to the volatiles from female rectal glands. Our findings suggest (E,E)-2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane as components of a sex-attracting pheromone in B. frauenfeldi.
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