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Rivera-Ramírez A, Salgado-Morales R, Jiménez-Pérez A, Pérez-Martínez R, García-Gómez BI, Dantán-González E. Comparative Genomics and Pathogenicity Analysis of Two Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: The Role of the GroEL Protein in Virulence. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030486. [PMID: 35336062 PMCID: PMC8950339 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, they show differences in their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms in target insects. These differences were explored by the analysis of the pangenome, as it provides a framework for characterizing and defining the gene repertoire. We performed the first pangenome analysis of 91 strains of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus; the analysis showed that the Photorhabdus genus has a higher number of genes associated with pathogenicity. However, biological tests showed that whole cells of X. nematophila SC 0516 were more virulent than those of P. luminescens HIM3 when both were injected into G. mellonella larvae. In addition, we cloned and expressed the GroEL proteins of both bacteria, as this protein has been previously indicated to show insecticidal activity in the genus Xenorhabdus. Among these proteins, Cpn60-Xn was found to be the most toxic at all concentrations tested, with an LC50 value of 102.34 ng/larva. Sequence analysis suggested that the Cpn60-Xn toxin was homologous to Cpn60-Pl; however, Cpn60-Xn contained thirty-five differentially substituted amino acid residues that could be responsible for its insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Rivera-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Rosalba Salgado-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (R.S.-M.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Ceprobi No. 8, San Isidro, Yautepec 62739, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (R.S.-M.); (R.P.-M.)
| | - Blanca Inés García-Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Dantán-González
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico; (R.S.-M.); (R.P.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-777-329-7000
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Horta AB, Damascena AP, Carvalho VRDE, Ribeiro MF, Castro BMC, Wilcken CF, Zanuncio JC, Wilcken SRS. Steinernema diaprepesi Nguyen & Duncan (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190943. [PMID: 34586311 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) can control pests due to their mutual association with bacteria. The use of these biological control agents is increasing worldwide due to advances in research about its control efficiency, range of action and mass production. The identification of EPNs adapted to specific environmental and climatic conditions is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management (IPM) programs. The objective is to report, for the first time, the occurrence of the Steinernema diaprepesi in Brazil. Steel mesh traps with Galleria mellonella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae were buried in red latosol cultivated with Eucalyptus. Infective juveniles (IJs) were isolated from dead larvae and multiplied in healthy ones of this host to confirm its pathogenicity and to start a laboratory population from the strain found in the field. The DNA of the IJs was extracted and amplified using PCR technique with the universal primers D2A and D3B. The detection of S. diaprepesi is the first report of this nematode in Brazil, increasing the knowledge about its distribution in the world and the diversity of EPNs that must be considered as agents of biological pest control in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Horta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alixelhe P Damascena
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R DE Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo F Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M C Castro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Avenida P.H. Holfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos F Wilcken
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Avenida P.H. Holfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia R S Wilcken
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Avenida Universitária, 3780, 18610-034 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Ávila-López MB, García-Maldonado JQ, Estrada-Medina H, Hernández-Mena DI, Cerqueda-García D, Vidal-Martínez VM. First record of entomopathogenic nematodes from Yucatán State, México and their infectivity capacity against Aedes aegypti. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11633. [PMID: 34249499 PMCID: PMC8256808 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has demonstrated good potential to contribute to the integral control of mosquito larvae, which as adults are vectors of diseases such as Dengue fever, Zika and Chikungunya. However, until now there are no records of the presence of EPN or their killing capacity in Yucatán state, southern México. The objectives of the current study were: (1) to report the entomopathogenic nematodes present in Yucatán soils and (2) to determine the killing capacity of the most frequent and abundant EPN against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae and the microbial community developed by Ae. Aegypti exposed to this EPN. Methods The nematodes were collected by the insect trap technique using the great wax moth Galleria mellonella. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S gene of ribosomal DNA and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the EPN. For the bioassay, four concentrations of the most frequent and abundant EPN were tested: 1,260:1 infective juveniles (IJs) per mosquito larvae, 2,520 IJs:1, 3,780 IJs:1 and 5,040 IJs:1. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify bacterial amplicon sequences in the mosquito larvae infected with EPN. Results Six isolates of Heterorhabditis were recovered from 144 soil samples. Heterorhabditis indica (four isolates) was the most frequent and abundant EPN, followed by Heterorhabditis n. sp. (two isolates). Both nematodes are reported for the first time for Yucatán state, Mexico. The concentration of 2,520 IJs:1 produced 80% of mosquito larvae mortality in 48 h. Representative members of Photorhabdus genus were numerically dominant (74%) in mosquito larvae infected by H. indica. It is most likely that these bacteria produce secondary toxic metabolites that enhance the mortality of these mosquito larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Ávila-López
- Aquatic Pathology Laboratory. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso,, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - José Q García-Maldonado
- Aquatic Pathology Laboratory. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso,, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Héctor Estrada-Medina
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - David I Hernández-Mena
- Aquatic Pathology Laboratory. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso,, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Aquatic Pathology Laboratory. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso,, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor M Vidal-Martínez
- Aquatic Pathology Laboratory. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso,, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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