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Engel E, de Paula Ribeiro AL, Lúcio AD, Pasini MPB, Buzzatti JZ, Rodrigues FT, Cassol LO, Godoy WAC. The Co-occurrence Matrix and the Correlation Network of Phytophagous Insects Are Driven by Abiotic and Biotic Variables: the Case of Canola. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:541-551. [PMID: 38358647 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Co-occurrence a correlation profiles are driven by different factors (exogenous and endogenous) and drawing a profile of association between species based on co-occurrence, without assessing how these species vary in terms of ecological niche can lead to wrong conclusions. The objective was to determine the co-occurrence and correlation patterns of phytophagous insects in canola crop and to evaluate how these patterns varied according to the crop stage (phenology-biotic) and sowing times (agricultural practice-abiotic). We found that the patterns of co-occurrence and correlation between species were reflections of population variations due to the phenology and sowing times of canola. Variations in the multi-species abundance matrix were influenced by mean air temperature and accumulated rainfall. The main species associated with canola in southern Brazil, in terms of abundance, were P. xylostella, D. speciosa, and N. viridula. These species were mostly negatively associated. When evaluating their population variations, we found that they explore different temporal niches, whether in terms of phenology or sowing times. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that despite being important, association patterns based on co-occurrence and correlation should be interpreted in light of the understanding of patterns of niche exploitation and temporal variation of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Engel
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia de Paula Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio
- Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Jerônimo Zamberlan Buzzatti
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Teixeira Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luthyana Oliveira Cassol
- Laboratory of Entomology, Federal Institut Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente Do Sul, São Vicente do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Meinke LJ, Spencer JL. Corn Rootworm: Biology, Ecology, Behavior, and Integrated Management. INSECTS 2024; 15:235. [PMID: 38667365 PMCID: PMC11050319 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Species of the beetle genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are native to North and South America, with their greatest diversity occurring in neotropical areas [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance J. Meinke
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joseph L. Spencer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
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3
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Wu J, Lin C, Liu D, Bian Q, Wang M, Zhong J. Total synthesis of (6R,12R)-6,12-dimethylpentadecan-2-one, the sex pheromone of Diabrotica balteata LeConte. Chirality 2024; 36:e23658. [PMID: 38414199 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabrotica balteata LeConte is one of the most important polyphagous agricultural pests. The sex pheromone of this pest was synthesized using Evans asymmetric alkylation, ring-opening reaction of (R)-2-methyloxirane, SN 2 alkylation of secondary tosylate, and coupling of chiral tosylate with Grignard reagent as central strategies. The sex pheromone prepared herein would be useful to control D. balteata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanwen Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Bian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangchun Zhong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Ye L, Chang J, Wang E, Wang C, Zhang H, Pang Y, Tian C. Straw Soil Conditioner Modulates Key Soil Microbes and Nutrient Dynamics across Different Maize Developmental Stages. Microorganisms 2024; 12:295. [PMID: 38399698 PMCID: PMC10893213 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil amendments may enhance crop yield and quality by increasing soil nutrient levels and improving nutrient absorption efficiency, potentially through beneficial microbial interactions. In this work, the effects of amending soil with straw-based carbon substrate (SCS), a novel biochar material, on soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and maize yield were compared with those of soil amendment with conventional straw. The diversity and abundance of soil bacterial and fungal communities were significantly influenced by both the maize growth period and the treatment used. Regression analysis of microbial community variation indicated that Rhizobiales, Saccharimonadales, and Eurotiales were the bacterial and fungal taxa that exhibited a positive response to SCS amendment during the growth stages of maize. Members of these taxa break down organic matter to release nutrients that promote plant growth and yield. In the seedling and vegetative stages of maize growth, the abundance of Rhizobiales is positively correlated with the total nitrogen (TN) content in the soil. During the tasseling and physiological maturity stages of corn, the abundance of Saccharimonadales and Eurotiales is positively correlated with the content of total carbon (TC), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) in the soil. The results suggest that specific beneficial microorganisms are recruited at different stages of maize growth to supply the nutrients required at each stage. This targeted recruitment strategy optimizes the availability of nutrients to plants and ultimately leads to higher yields. The identification of these key beneficial microorganisms may provide a theoretical basis for the targeted improvement of crop yield and soil quality. This study demonstrates that SCS amendment enhances soil nutrient content and crop yield compared with conventional straw incorporation and sheds light on the response of soil microorganisms to SCS amendment, providing valuable insights for the future implementation of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Libo Ye
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (J.C.); (E.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Enze Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (J.C.); (E.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Changji Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (J.C.); (E.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Hengfei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yingnan Pang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.Z.); (Y.P.)
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (J.C.); (E.W.); (C.W.)
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Costa EN, Gomes ES, Reis LC, Foresti AC, Scalon SDPQ, Fernandes MG. Assessing common bean genotypes for resistance to Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:546-554. [PMID: 37334552 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabales: Fabaceae), and adults can defoliate plants during the whole crop cycle. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance to D. speciosa in 16 common bean genotypes (14 landraces and 2 cultivars), through three different experiments. In the laboratory, choice and no-choice feeding tests were performed to evaluate the percentage of leaf consumption. In the greenhouse, plant height, numbers of leaves, percentage of injured leaves, percentage of injury per leaf, weight of seeds, and D. speciosa survival were evaluated. Furthermore, trichome density, levels of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and protein content in common bean leaves were assessed. In the laboratory, the genotypes Chumbinho Branco, Dobalde, Manteigado, IPR Tuiuiú, and 90D Mouro were the least consumed by D. speciosa. In the greenhouse, the genotypes Dobalde, Manteigado, and IPR Tuiuiú expressed tolerance to the pest, which was associated with a higher plant height and/or unchanged POD and SOD levels and protein content following insect feeding, and no reduction in seed production. The landrace 90D Mouro exhibited antixenosis and tolerance to D. speciosa, observed as a lower leaf injury, higher trichome density, lower protein contents, higher SOD level and no reduction in seed weight. Overall, we have shown that antixenosis and tolerance can help overcome damages resulting from D. speciosa feeding, with emphasis on four common bean genotypes that may be useful in plant breeding programs aimed at controlling D. speciosa in common bean crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Neves Costa
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Elias Soares Gomes
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Coutinho Reis
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Caroline Foresti
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gino Fernandes
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, Km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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Ecology and Evolutionary History of Diabrotica Beetles—Overview and Update. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020156. [PMID: 35206729 PMCID: PMC8877772 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given on several aspects of evolutionary history, ecology, host plant use, and pharmacophagy of Diabrotica spp. with a focus on the evolution of host plant breadth and effects of plant compounds on natural enemies used for biocontrol of pest species in the group. Recent studies on each aspect are discussed, latest publications on taxonomic grouping of Diabrotica spp., and new findings on variations in the susceptibility of corn varieties to root feeding beetle larvae are presented. The further need for in-depth research on biology and ecology of the large number of non-pest species in the genus is pointed out.
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Soybean images dataset for caterpillar and Diabrotica speciosa pest detection and classification. Data Brief 2022; 40:107756. [PMID: 35028343 PMCID: PMC8741414 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a dataset of insect-damaged soybean leaves. The capture of images was carried out on several soy farms, under realistic weather conditions, using two cell phones and a UAV. The dataset consists of 3 (three) folders with a total of 6,410 images. The dataset is divided into three categories: (I) healthy plants, (II) plants affected by caterpillars, and (III) images of plants damaged by Diabrotica speciosa. This dataset allows training and validation of machine learning models to diagnose, recognize, and classify soybeans affected by caterpillars or Diabrotica speciosa. The images can be processed according to the user's need since only the size was standardized during the pre-processing phase.
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Zuim V, Marques VM, Godoi CTD, Gontijo LM, Haro MM, Guedes RNC. Does refuge spillover affect arthropod food webs associated with Bt maize? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3088-3098. [PMID: 33798281 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high dose/refuge combination is the main tactic recommended for mitigating resistance selection of target herbivore species in crops expressing insecticidal proteins of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (i.e. Bt proteins). The tactic consists of the simultaneous use of Bt crops expressing high levels of the Bt protein associated with neighboring areas of refuge of the same non-Bt crop species. Nonetheless, the approach faces controversy regarding its effectiveness and scale of adoption, at least in some regions. One concern focuses on its potential impact on the arthropod community, including its short-term and spatially dependent impact considering the likely biota spillover effect between Bt and non-Bt neighboring areas. Thus, the eventual spillover of Bt maize targeted and non-targeted arthropods was surveyed along transects extending from the refuge border to the center of the Bt maize area. RESULTS Arthropods were collected throughout the maize vegetative and reproductive stages. A total of 85 arthropod species were collected, but their richness and abundance did not vary with distance from the refuge. By contrast, cultivation season played a significant role in distinguishing the arthropod communities. Refuge distance from the sampling point within Bt-fields did not significantly affect the food web metrics, unlike season, which affected the number of nodes integrating each food web. Winter maize cultivation exhibited higher arthropod diversity and combined values of species numeric abundance and biomass at each trophic level. CONCLUSIONS No arthropod spillover was evident between the refuge edge and Bt maize, adding further controversy to the tactic currently subjected to lower usage in the region with a disputed cost-benefit relationship, because not even the target and its interdependent species were affected. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Zuim
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M Marques
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Departamento de Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Carolina Tavares D Godoi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Departamento de Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Lessando M Gontijo
- Departamento de Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Haro
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Estação Experimental de Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
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Garcia AG, Malaquias JB, Ferreira CP, Tomé MP, Weber ID, Godoy WAC. Ecological Modelling of Insect Movement in Cropping Systems. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:321-334. [PMID: 33900576 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal dynamics of insect pests in agricultural landscapes involves the potential of species to move, invade, colonise, and establish in different areas. This study revised the dispersal of the important crop pests Diabrotica speciosa Germar and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by using computational modelling to represent the movement of these polyphagous pests in agricultural mosaics. The findings raise significant questions regarding the dispersal of pests through crops and refuge areas, indicating that understanding pest movement is essential for developing strategies to predict critical infestation levels to assist in pest-management decisions. In addition, our modelling approach can be adapted for other insect species and other cropping systems despite discussing two specific species in the current manuscript. We present an overview of studies, combining experimentation and ecological modelling, discussing the methods used and the importance of studying insect movement as well as the implications for agricultural landscapes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gomes Garcia
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maysa Pereira Tomé
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Daniel Weber
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Costa EN, Sardinha de Souza BH, Ribeiro ZA, Dos Santos DMM, Boiça AL. Tolerance in Maize Landraces to Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larvae and Its Relationship to Plant Pigments, Compatible Osmolytes, and Vigor. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:377-386. [PMID: 33399202 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rootworm Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) is native to South America and causes severe economic losses to several crops due to root feeding and disease spread. In maize (Zea mays L.), losses in production come from larval rootworm attack on plant roots resulting in plant health problems, including stalk lodging. More options for controlling this pest are needed to create well balanced, integrated pest management programs for farmers in this region. Natural sources of tolerance in maize genotypes are important for maize breeding programs, and this study investigated the expression of tolerance in several Brazilian maize landraces to D. speciosa. Plant vigor and compounds associated with plant health, including chlorophylls, carotenoids, glycine betaine, and proline were assessed for each landrace. Five landraces and one maize cultivar were selected based on their levels of antibiosis-resistance to D. speciosa that were determined in a prior screening. The percent reduction in plant growth was used as the measure of tolerance. The landrace Azteca was classified as tolerant to D. speciosa larval feeding, displaying less reduction in plant matter despite having lower plant vigor. This landrace also had higher amounts of chlorophyl and carotenoid pigments, suggesting a positive correlation between tolerance to D. speciosa and higher contents of these photosynthetic pigments. The compatible osmolytes glycine betaine and proline do not seem to be associated with tolerance in maize landraces to D. speciosa larvae. Landrace Azteca seems promising for plant breeding, and repeated field studies are needed to confirm its suitability in maize integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Neves Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Zulene Antônio Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Durvalina Maria Mathias Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Arlindo Leal Boiça
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Ciências da Produção Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Liu S, Sappington TW, Coates BS, Bonning BC. Nudivirus Sequences Identified from the Southern and Western Corn Rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Viruses 2021; 13:v13020269. [PMID: 33572446 PMCID: PMC7916170 DOI: 10.3390/v13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of pooled genomic short read sequence data revealed the presence of nudivirus-derived sequences from U.S. populations of both southern corn rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) and western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). A near complete nudivirus genome sequence was assembled from sequence data for an SCR population with relatively high viral titers. A total of 147,179 bp was assembled from five contigs that collectively encode 109 putative open reading frames (ORFs) including 20 nudivirus core genes. In contrast, genome sequence recovery was incomplete for a second nudivirus from WCR, although sequences derived from this virus were present in three geographically dispersed populations. Only 48,989 bp were assembled with 48 putative ORFs including 13 core genes, representing about 20% of a typical nudivirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both corn rootworm nudiviruses grouped with the third known nudivirus of beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus in the genus Alphanudivirus. On the basis of phylogenetic and additional analyses, we propose further taxonomic separation of nudiviruses within Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus into two subfamilies and five genera. Identification of nudivirus-derived sequences from two species of corn rootworm highlights the diversity of viruses associated with these agricultural insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Sappington
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (T.W.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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