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Ulyshen M, Urban-Mead KR, Dorey JB, Rivers JW. Forests are critically important to global pollinator diversity and enhance pollination in adjacent crops. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1118-1141. [PMID: 36879466 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of natural habitats to pollinator diversity is widely recognized, the value of forests to pollinating insects has been largely overlooked in many parts of the world. In this review, we (i) establish the importance of forests to global pollinator diversity, (ii) explore the relationship between forest cover and pollinator diversity in mixed-use landscapes, and (iii) highlight the contributions of forest-associated pollinators to pollination in adjacent crops. The literature shows unambiguously that native forests support a large number of forest-dependent species and are thus critically important to global pollinator diversity. Many pollinator taxa require or benefit greatly from resources that are restricted to forests, such as floral resources provided by forest plants (including wind-pollinated trees), dead wood for nesting, tree resins, and various non-floral sugar sources (e.g. honeydew). Although landscape-scale studies generally support the conclusion that forests enhance pollinator diversity, findings are often complicated by spatial scale, focal taxa, landscape context, temporal context, forest type, disturbance history, and external stressors. While some forest loss can be beneficial to pollinators by enhancing habitat complementarity, too much can result in the near-elimination of forest-associated species. There is strong evidence from studies of multiple crop types that forest cover can substantially increase yields in adjacent habitats, at least within the foraging ranges of the pollinators involved. The literature also suggests that forests may have enhanced importance to pollinators in the future given their role in mitigating the negative effects of pesticides and climate change. Many questions remain about the amount and configuration of forest cover required to promote the diversity of forest-associated pollinators and their services within forests and in neighbouring habitats. However, it is clear from the current body of knowledge that any effort to preserve native woody habitats, including the protection of individual trees, will benefit pollinating insects and help maintain the critical services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Katherine R Urban-Mead
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 129 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Columbus, NJ, 08022, USA
| | - James B Dorey
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - James W Rivers
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Prudnikow L, Pannicke B, Wünschiers R. A primer on pollen assignment by nanopore-based DNA sequencing. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility to identify plants based on the taxonomic information coming from their pollen grains offers many applications within various biological disciplines. In the past and depending on the application or research in question, pollen origin was analyzed by microscopy, usually preceded by chemical treatment methods. This procedure for identification of pollen grains is both time-consuming and requires expert knowledge of morphological features. Additionally, these microscopically recognizable features usually have a low resolution at species-level. Since a few decades, DNA has been used for the identification of pollen taxa, as sequencing technologies evolved both in their handling and affordability. We discuss advantages and challenges of pollen DNA analyses compared to traditional methods. With readers with little experience in this field in mind, we present a hands-on primer for genetic pollen analysis by nanopore sequencing. As our lab mainly works with pollen collected within agroecological research projects, we focus on pollen collected by pollinating insects. We briefly consider sample collection, storage and processing in the laboratory as well as bioinformatic aspects. Currently, pollen metabarcoding is mostly conducted with next-generation sequencing methods that generate short sequence reads (<1 kb). Increasingly, however, pollen DNA analysis is carried out using the long-read generating (several kb), low-budget and mobile MinION nanopore sequencing platform by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Therefore, we are focusing on aspects for palynology with the MinION DNA sequencing device.
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Sladonja B, Tlak Gajger I, Uzelac M, Poljuha D, Garau C, Landeka N, Barták M, Bacaro G. The Impact of Beehive Proximity, Human Activity and Agricultural Intensity on Diptera Diversity in a Mediterranean Mosaic of Agroecosystems, with a Focus on Pest Species. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061024. [PMID: 36978565 PMCID: PMC10044344 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diptera, with their participation in pollination, significantly contribute to the maintenance of plant diversity, and they also have great potential for assessing habitat health and preserving it. A decline in their abundance and diversity has been recorded worldwide as a consequence of biotic, abiotic, and anthropic alterations. In addition to pollinators, these orders include agricultural and forestry pests, which are a threat to both cultivated and wild plants that are very important to the economy. Many pests have escaped from their native areas, and it is important to monitor their spread to implement sustainable means of control. Our study provides baseline information on Diptera and Vespidae diversity in the Mediterranean mosaic of agroecosystems, giving information on the importance of human influence on insect diversity. We carried out an insect inventory in Istria, Croatia, using a set of traps placed in the proximity of beehives. This study was also important in determining the presence of pests and newly introduced species. A total of 94 species from 24 families were recorded—7 important agricultural pests of Diptera and 17 new records for Croatia. The correlation between species diversity and environmental and anthropogenic factors leads to the conclusion that total insect species richness, pest species richness, and the first findings depend on human activities. The number of honeybee colonies negatively correlated with species richness, while anthropic influence positively affected total and pest species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sladonja
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tlak Gajger
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-2390-041
| | - Mirela Uzelac
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Danijela Poljuha
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Clara Garau
- Department of Life and Environment Botanical Section, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nediljko Landeka
- Public Health Institute of the Istrian Region, Nazorova 23, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Bacaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Maurer C, Sutter L, Martínez‐Núñez C, Pellissier L, Albrecht M. Different types of semi‐natural habitat are required to sustain diverse wild bee communities across agricultural landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Maurer
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich Switzerland
- Landscape Ecology Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Louis Sutter
- Plant Production Systems, Agroscope, Route des Eterpys 18, 1964 Conthey Switzerland
| | - Carlos Martínez‐Núñez
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich Switzerland
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Martínez‐Núñez C, Kleijn D, Ganuza C, Heupink D, Raemakers I, Vertommen W, Fijen TPM. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of semi‐natural habitat, but not crop diversity, is correlated with landscape pollinator richness. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez‐Núñez
- Department of Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén Jaén Spain
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Ganuza
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a PB Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Dennis Heupink
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a PB Wageningen The Netherlands
- Louis Bolk Institute Kosterijland 3‐5, 39781 AJ Bunnik The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Raemakers
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Winfried Vertommen
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Thijs P. M. Fijen
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a PB Wageningen The Netherlands
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Mola JM, Hemberger J, Kochanski J, Richardson LL, Pearse IS. The Importance of Forests in Bumble Bee Biology and Conservation. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Declines of many bumble bee species have raised concerns because of their importance as pollinators and potential harbingers of declines among other insect taxa. At present, bumble bee conservation is predominantly focused on midsummer flower restoration in open habitats. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that forests may play an important role in bumble bee life history. Compared with open habitats, forests and woody edges provide food resources during phenologically distinct periods, are often preferred nesting and overwintering habitats, and can offer favorable abiotic conditions in a changing climate. Future research efforts are needed in order to anticipate how ongoing changes in forests, such as overbrowsing by deer, plant invasions, and shifting canopy demographics, affect the suitability of these habitats for bumble bees. Forested habitats are increasingly appreciated in the life cycles of many bumble bees, and they deserve greater attention from those who wish to understand bumble bee populations and aid in their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Mola
- Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Jeremy Hemberger
- University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Jade Kochanski
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Leif L Richardson
- Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ian S Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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Building a shared vision of the future for multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Lessons from a long term socio-ecological research site in south-western France. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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