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Chang H, Ding G, Jia G, Feng M, Huang J. Hemolymph Metabolism Analysis of Honey Bee ( Apis mellifera L.) Response to Different Bee Pollens. INSECTS 2022; 14:37. [PMID: 36661964 PMCID: PMC9861094 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollen is essential to the development of honey bees. The nutrients in bee pollen vary greatly among plant species. Here, we analyzed the differences in the amino acid compositions of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), rape (Brassica napus), and apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) pollens and investigated the variation in hemolymph metabolites and metabolic pathways through untargeted metabolomics in caged adult bees at days 7 and 14. The results showed that the levels of five essential amino acids (isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, methionine, and histidine) were the highest in pear pollen, and the levels of four amino acids (isoleucine: 50.75 ± 1.93 mg/kg, phenylalanine: 87.25 ± 2.66 mg/kg, methionine: 16.00 ± 0.71 mg/kg and histidine: 647.50 ± 24.80 mg/kg) were significantly higher in pear pollen than in the other two kinds of bee pollen (p < 0.05). The number of metabolites in bee hemolymph on day 14 (615) was significantly lower than that on day 7 (1466). The key metabolic pathways of bees, namely, “sphingolipid metabolism (p = 0.0091)”, “tryptophan metabolism (p = 0.0245)”, and “cysteine and methionine metabolism (p = 0.0277)”, were significantly affected on day 7. There was no meaningful pathway enrichment on day 14. In conclusion, pear pollen had higher nutritional value among the three bee pollens in terms of amino acid level, followed by rape and apricot pollen, and the difference in amino acid composition among bee pollens was reflected in the lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways of early adult honey bee hemolymph. This study provides new insights into the physiological and metabolic functions of different bee pollens in bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guiling Ding
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guangqun Jia
- Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Mao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Robin Lim AH, Sam LM, Gobilik J, Ador K, Choon JLN, Majampan J, Benedick S, Benedick S. Physicochemical Properties of Honey from Contract Beekeepers, Street Vendors and Branded Honey in Sabah, Malaysia. Trop Life Sci Res 2022; 33:61-83. [PMID: 36545058 PMCID: PMC9747107 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2022.33.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical properties of honey depend on the source of collection to packaging, but little is known about honey in Sabah. The aim of this study was to distinguish between the physicochemical properties and mineral content of 76 honey samples from local sources and supermarkets in Sabah, which were from contract beekeepers, unknown sources and branded honey. Raw honey was collected from contract beekeepers, while honey from unknown source was obtained from street vendors and wet markets, while branded honey was purchased from local supermarkets. The chemical parameters of the honey were assessed using established methods, while the mineral content of the honey was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Significant differences were found in several parameters measured in honey from different sources, with principal component analysis (PCA) showing clear separation between the measured parameters, yielding five factors that accounted for up to 72.25% of the total explained variance. Honey from contract beekeepers showed significant differences and higher mineral content (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn) compared to honey from unknown source and branded honey. Potassium was the most important element in the study with an average of 2.65 g/kg and 629.4 mg/kg for sources from contract beekeepers and branded honey, respectively. The honey from the contract beekeepers was of better quality due to its high mineral content. The results suggest that honey from contract beekeepers could be a good choice when it comes to high mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Robin Lim
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No.3, P.O. Box No. 3, 90509 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lum Mok Sam
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No.3, P.O. Box No. 3, 90509 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Januarius Gobilik
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No.3, P.O. Box No. 3, 90509 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kimberly Ador
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No.3, P.O. Box No. 3, 90509 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Lee Nyuk Choon
- Koperasi Pembangunan Desa, Wisma Pertanian Sabah, Jalan Tasik, Luyang, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jonal Majampan
- Koperasi Pembangunan Desa, Wisma Pertanian Sabah, Jalan Tasik, Luyang, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Suzan Benedick
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No.3, P.O. Box No. 3, 90509 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia,Corresponding author:
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