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Li WJ, Chen JH, Avila GA, Ali MY, Tian XY, Luo ZY, Zhang F, Shi SS, Zhang JP. Performance of two egg parasitoids of brown marmorated stink bug before and after cold storage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1102216. [PMID: 36935745 PMCID: PMC10017534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The genus Trissolcus includes a number of egg parasitoids that are known to contribute to the control of Halyomorpha halys. The number of progenies, particularly females, is important for the efficient mass rearing of species used in augmentative biological control programs. Cold storage is an important technique for extending the shelf life of natural enemies used in such programs. Methods: We assessed how fecundity, sex ratio, lifespan, and the number of hosts parasitized within 24 h were affected by host density for T. japonicus and T. cultratus when offered fresh H. halys eggs and how these parameters were affected if adult parasitoids were first placed in cold storage (11°C in the dark) for 19 weeks before being used for propagation. Results: The fecundity were 110.2 and 84.2 offspring emerged at 25°C, for parasitoids not placed in cold storage; among the offspring that emerged, 82.6% and 85.6% were female for T. japonicus and T. cultratus, respectively. If first placed in cold storage, T. japonicus and T. cultratus produced 35.1 and 24.6 offspring per female, respectively, although cold storage significantly extended the shelf life. The survival rates of parasitoids that were placed in cold storage were 90.3% and 81.3% for females, and 3.2% and 0.9% for males of T. japonicus and T. cultratus, respectively. The number of hosts parasitized within 24 h was not shown to be density dependent, but it was significantly lower after cold storage. Discussion: This information can be used to estimate the likely production for augmented rearing colonies for use in biological control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Li
- College of Plant Protection, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju-Hong Chen
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gonzalo A. Avila
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad-Yasir Ali
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tian
- College of Plant Protection, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Luo
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Sen Shi
- College of Plant Protection, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Sen Shi, ; Jin-Ping Zhang,
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Sen Shi, ; Jin-Ping Zhang,
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Haye T, Zhang J, Risse M, Gariepy TD. A temporal trophic shift from primary parasitism to facultative hyperparasitism during interspecific competition between two coevolved scelionid egg parasitoids. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18708-18718. [PMID: 35003703 PMCID: PMC8717335 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding competition between scelionid parasitoids that exploit the same host may provide insight into strategies that allow coexistence on a shared resource. Competition studies typically focus on interactions between native and exotic parasitoids that do not share an evolutionary history; however, coevolved parasitoids may be more likely to demonstrate strategies to avoid or exploit a shared resource. We examined intrinsic and extrinsic competition between Asian Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) and T. cultratus (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) associated with Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) that share an evolutionary history. Interspecific interactions were assessed by providing parasitized egg masses to each species at various intervals post-parasitism, and measuring host acceptance, developmental suitability, and guarding behaviour. Trissolcus japonicus showed high acceptance of parasitized hosts up to 72 h following oviposition by T. cultratus, despite a very poor developmental outcome. In contrast, T. cultratus generally avoided ovipositing in H. halys eggs containing T. japonicus early-instar larvae but did not avoid parasitizing H. halys that contained eggs and third instar larvae. The adaptive value of this behaviour was supported by developmental outcome: T. cultratus outcompeted T. japonicus eggs but not early-instar larvae, and a trophic shift occurred wherein T. cultratus developed as a facultative hyperparasitoid on third instar T. japonicus larvae. Trissolcus japonicus guarded egg masses 8-12× longer and displayed more aggressive interactions than T. cultratus, suggesting T. japonicus is the superior extrinsic competitor. Development as a facultative hyperparasitoid provided a competitive niche for Asian T. cultratus and confirms its instrinsic competitive superiority. This also occurs in a biologically distinct European population of T. cultratus, suggesting that facultative hyperparasitism as a competitive strategy is retained in geographically separated populations that have not coevolved with H. halys or T. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Haye
- CABIDelemontSwitzerland
- MARA‐CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinping Zhang
- MARA‐CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Tara D. Gariepy
- London Research and Development CentreAgriculture and Agri‐Food CanadaLondonOntarioCanada
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Hyperparasitism of Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on Two Biological Control Agents of Halyomorpha halys. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12070617. [PMID: 34357277 PMCID: PMC8304257 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is an invasive Asian pest that causes severe crop losses on various crops. Nowadays, management strategies against this pest mainly rely on pesticide use, but biological control with egg parasitoids is considered the most promising long-term and sustainable solution. Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) and Trissolcus mitsukurii (Ashmead) are Asian egg parasitoids already present in Europe and are the most effective biological control agents of H. halys. Therefore, these two species are considered for biological control programs in Europe and other parts of the world. Acroclisoides sinicus (Huang and Liao) is a pteromalid parasitoid wasp that frequently emerged from H. halys egg masses collected in northern Italy. This species has been hypothesized to be a hyperparasitoid of Trissolcus spp. parasitoids. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions where A. sinicus was tested in no-choice and two-choice experiments to assess the host preference between T. japonicus and T. mitsukurii. Olfactory responses of A. sinicus from volatiles emitted from different potential hosts were also tested. In all trials, A. sinicus showed a clear preference for parasitizing H. halys eggs previously parasitized by T. mitsukurii compared to T. japonicus. In no-choice experiments, the impact of the hyperparasitoid on T. japonicus was low, showing an exploitation rate of 4.0%, while up to a 96.2% exploitation rate was observed on T. mitsukurii. Acroclisoides sinicus was also attracted by volatiles emitted by egg masses parasitized by T. mitsukurii, while no response was observed to egg masses parasitized by T. japonicus or not parasitized. Therefore, according to the results obtained here, A. sinicus could limit the population development of T. mitsukurii, while lesser effects are expected on T. japonicus.
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