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Chipabika G, Sohati PH, Khamis FM, Chikoti PC, Copeland R, Ombura L, Kachapulula PW, Tonga TK, Niassy S, Sevgan S. Abundance, diversity and richness of natural enemies of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Zambia. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1091084. [PMID: 38469517 PMCID: PMC10926438 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1091084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive pest originating from the Americas is a serious pest threatening cereal production and food security in Zambia. We studied the prevalence and abundance of natural enemies of FAW in three Agroecological regions (AERs I, II, and III) to identify those that could potentially serve as bio-control agents. Sampling of FAW parasitoids and predators was done along trunk roads at intervals of 10 km. Molecular sequence analysis and morphological characterization were used to identify natural enemies. Over 11 species of FAW natural enemies, including egg, egg-larval, and larval parasitoids, and predators, were identified in Zambia. The mean number of natural enemies and species richness was higher in AER I and IIa. Consequently, egg parasitism was highest in those two regions, at 24.5% and 12.2%, respectively. Larvae parasitism was highest in AER I (4.8%) and AER III (1.9), although no significant differences were observed. The most abundant and widely distributed parasitoid was Drino sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae), while Rhynocoris segmentarius (Germar) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and Belanogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) were the most prevalent predators. Our study reveals the presence of two natural enemies belonging to the genus Tiphia and Micromeriella, uncommon to FAW. Significant differences in the number of parasitoids were observed in polycropping, with the highest recovery of 12 ± 10% from maize + cowpeas + pumpkin and watermelon mixed cropping. The higher the rainfall, the lower the number of natural enemies recorded. Variations in rainfall patterns which affect FAW availability, cropping systems and the three AERs may explain natural enemies' species diversity in Zambia. The information provided in this study can aid the development of a national biological control programme for sustainable management of fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Chipabika
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Philemon H. Sohati
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Fathiya Mbarak Khamis
- Department of Plant health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick C. Chikoti
- Plant Protection Division, Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Mount Makulu Research Station, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert Copeland
- Department of Plant health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Levi Ombura
- Department of Plant health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul W. Kachapulula
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tamara K. Tonga
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Science, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Saliou Niassy
- Department of Plant health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Subramanian Sevgan
- Department of Plant health, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Tay WT, Meagher RL, Czepak C, Groot AT. Spodoptera frugiperda: Ecology, Evolution, and Management Options of an Invasive Species. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:299-317. [PMID: 36198399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, and has become a major invasive pest around the globe in the past decade. In this review, we provide an overview to update what is known about S. frugiperda in its native geographic ranges. This is followed by discussion of studies from the invaded areas to gain insights into S. frugiperda's ecology, specifically its reproductive biology, host plant use, status of insecticide resistance alleles, and biocontrol methods in native and invasive regions. We show that reference to host strains is uninformative in the invasive populations because multidirectional introduction events likely underpinned its recent rapid spread. Given that recent genomic analyses show that FAW is much more diverse than was previously assumed, and natural selection forces likely differ geographically, region-specific approaches will be needed to control this global pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Robert L Meagher
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Cecilia Czepak
- Escola de Agronomia, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands;
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Tepa-Yotto GT, Chinwada P, Rwomushana I, Goergen G, Subramanian S. Integrated management of Spodoptera frugiperda 6 years post detection in Africa: a review. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100928. [PMID: 35534003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the African continent has led to paradigm shifts in pest control in maize systems, occasioned by year-round populations. The discovery of resident parasitoid species adapting to the new pest significantly informed decision-making toward avoiding highly hazardous synthetic insecticides to control the pest. A number of biopesticides have shown promise against the fall armyworm, providing a new arsenal for the sustainable management of this invasive pest. However, a few knowledge gaps remain for a fully integrated and sustainable FAW-management approach, particularly on host-resistance potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain T Tepa-Yotto
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou, Benin; Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière (EGPVS), Université Nationale d'Agriculture (UNA), Kétou, Benin.
| | - Peter Chinwada
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Zambia), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ivan Rwomushana
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, Limuru Road, Muthaiga, PO Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Georg Goergen
- Biorisk Management Facility (BIMAF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi 30772-00100, Kenya
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