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Mollet KA, Tembrock LR, Zink FA, Timm AE, Gilligan TM. An Improved Bulk DNA Extraction Method for Detection of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Real-Time PCR. INSECTS 2024; 15:585. [PMID: 39194790 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera is among the most problematic agricultural pests worldwide due to its polyphagy and ability to evolve pesticide resistance. Molecular detection methods for H. armigera have been developed to track its spread, as such methods allow for rapid and accurate differentiation from the native sibling species H. zea. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a preferred method for bulk screening due to its accuracy and tolerance to PCR inhibitors; however, real-time PCR is less expensive and more widely available in molecular labs. Improvements to DNA extraction yield, purity, and throughput are crucial for real-time PCR assay optimization. Bulk DNA extractions have recently been improved to where real-time PCR sensitivity can equal that of ddPCR, but these new methods require significant time and specialized equipment. In this study, we improve upon previously published bulk DNA extraction methods by reducing bench time and materials. Our results indicate that the addition of caffeine and RNase A improves DNA extraction, resulting in lower Cq values during real-time PCR while reducing the processing time and cost per specimen. Such improvements will enable the use of high throughput screening methods across multiple platforms to improve the probability of detection of H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Mollet
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
| | - Frida A Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
| | - Alicia E Timm
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
| | - Todd M Gilligan
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177, USA
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Zink FA, Tembrock LR, Timm AE, Gilligan TM. Ultra-deep sequencing of 45S rDNA to discern intragenomic diversity in three Chrysodeixis species for molecular identification. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13017. [PMID: 37563256 PMCID: PMC10415407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Species identification is necessary to prevent introductions of exotic plant pests through global trade. Many of these pests are understudied and lack publicly available DNA sequence data on which rapid molecular identification methods can be based. One such lineage is the genus Chrysodeixis, which includes three species of potential concern for United States trade initiatives: C. includens, C. chalcites, and C. eriosoma. Here we describe a method to generate robust 45S rDNA profiles using long read sequencing in order to clarify evolutionary relationships and develop a real-time PCR identification technique. Such an identification tool will be useful in rapidly differentiating between Chrysodeixis species of quarantine concern where traditional morphological identification methods are insufficient. Molecular methods such as this greatly reduce the time spent identifying each specimen, allow for detection of eDNA, vastly increase throughput, and increase the probability of detection. The methods presented here will be generally adaptable to any understudied lepidopteran taxa that necessitates a molecular diagnostic assay and, with adjustment or testing of the primers, could be applied to any group for which development of rDNA profiles in a benchtop setting would prove useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida A Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Alicia E Timm
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd M Gilligan
- Pest Identification Technology Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science and Technology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Rich M, Noh E, Wang H, Greene J, Gilligan T, Reay-Jones FPF, Turnbull M, Zink F. Field-based recombinase polymerase amplification and lab-based qPCR assays for detection of Helicoverpa armigera. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:973-982. [PMID: 37023722 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a major crop pest native to Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa which has recently invaded South America and has caused billions of dollars in agricultural losses. Because of challenges in differentiating between H. armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), a closely related species native to North and South America, genetic tests have previously been developed to detect H. armigera DNA in pooled samples of moth legs. In this study, a field-based recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay using a lateral flow strip and a qPCR melt curve assay were developed for specific detection of H. armigera DNA in pooled moth samples. In addition, a crude DNA extraction protocol for whole moths was developed to allow rapid preparation of DNA samples. The RPA field test was able to detect ≥ 10 pg of purified H. armigera DNA and the crude DNA of one H. armigera sample in a background of 999 H. zea equivalents. The qPCR assay was able to detect ≥ 100 fg of purified H. armigera DNA and the crude DNA of one H. armigera sample in a background of up to 99,999 H. zea equivalents. Both RPA and qPCR assays detected H. armigera in the crude DNA extracted in the field from a pool of one H. armigera moth and 999 H. zea moths. These newly developed molecular assays to detect H. armigera will contribute to large-scale surveillance programs of H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Rich
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Enoch Noh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Hehe Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Jeremy Greene
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - Todd Gilligan
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Identification Technology Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Francis P F Reay-Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Matt Turnbull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Frida Zink
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Identification Technology Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Zink FA, Tembrock LR, Timm AE, Gilligan TM. A Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) Assay to Detect Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Bulk Trap Samples. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:2125-2129. [PMID: 36354050 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The moth species Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) (formerly Tuta absoluta) is serious threat to tomato and other Solanaceous crops worldwide and is invasive throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa. While P. absoluta has not yet been found in the U.S. recent detections in the Caribbean have raised concerns that the species could be introduced to mainland North America. To improve detection capacity, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was developed that employs a nondestructive bulk DNA extraction method able to detect one P. absoluta sample among 200 nontargets. Such high-throughput and sensitive molecular assays are essential to preventing introductions through early detection and response. This assay can also be used in areas where P. absoluta is established to monitor outbreaks and track migratory patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida A Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Alicia E Timm
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Todd M Gilligan
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Pest Identification Technology Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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Butterwort V, Dansby H, Zink FA, Tembrock LR, Gilligan TM, Godoy A, Braswell WE, Kawahara AY. A DNA Extraction Method for Insects From Sticky Traps: Targeting a Low Abundance Pest, Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Mixed Species Communities. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:844-851. [PMID: 35391487 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invasive insects can cause catastrophic damage to ecosystems and cost billions of dollars each year due to management expenses and lost revenue. Rapid detection is an important step to prevent invasive insects from spreading, but improvements in detection capabilities are needed for bulk collections like those from sticky traps. Here we present a bulk DNA extraction method designed for the detection of Phthorimaea absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), an invasive moth that can decimate tomato crops. We test the extraction method for insect specimens on sticky traps, subjected to different temperature and humidity conditions, and among mock insect communities left in the field for up to 21 d. We find that the extraction method yielded high success (>92%) in recovering target DNA across field and lab trials, without a decline in recovery after three weeks, across all treatments. These results may have a large impact on tomato growing regions where P. absoluta is in the early stages of invasion or not yet present. The extraction method can also be used to improve detection capabilities for other bulk insect collections, especially those using sticky traps, to the benefit of pest surveys and biodiversity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Butterwort
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32511, USA
| | - H Dansby
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32511, USA
| | - F A Zink
- Department of Agricultural Biology, 1177 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - L R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, 1177 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - T M Gilligan
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Identification Technology Program, 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - A Godoy
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, 22675 N. Moorfield Road, Building 6414, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - W E Braswell
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology, Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, 22675 N. Moorfield Road, Building 6414, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - A Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32511, USA
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