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Martin JL, Messenger LA, Bernard E, Kisamo M, Hape P, Sizya O, Festo E, Matiku W, Marcel V, Malya E, Aziz T, Matowo NS, Mosha JF, Mosha FW, Rowland M, Manjurano A, Protopopoff N. Evaluation of bio-efficacy of field-aged novel long-lasting insecticidal nets (PBO, chlorfenapyr or pyriproxyfen combined with pyrethroid) against Anopheles gambiae ( s.s.) in Tanzania. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 6:100216. [PMID: 39399651 PMCID: PMC11470491 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Next-generation insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) combining two insecticides or an insecticide with a synergist are vital in combating malaria, especially in areas with pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes where standard pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) may be less effective. A community durability study was conducted in Misungwi, Tanzania, during a cluster randomised controlled trial. This study assessed the bio-efficacy of three net brands combining a pyrethroid insecticide and either a synergist PBO for Olyset Plus, or a second insecticide pyriproxyfen for Royal Guard, and chlorfenapyr for Interceptor G2 over three years. These nets were compared to Interceptor, a standard pyrethroid-only net. A total of 1950 nets were enrolled across 10 clusters in each treatment arm. Thirty nets per type were collected every 6 months up to 30 months, with 50 nets sampled at 36 months. WHO cone bioassays and tunnel tests were performed at 0, 12, 24, 30 and 36 months. Both susceptible An. gambiae (s.s.) Kisumu strain and resistant An. gambiae (s.s.) Muleba-Kis strain were exposed. Over 80% of nets tested against the susceptible Kisumu strain met the WHO criteria after three years of community use. In tunnel tests, mortality (72 h) of the resistant Anopheles varied between 52% and 20%, in Interceptor G2 and was higher than standard Interceptor net up to 24 months. Olyset Plus mortality (24 h) ranged between 84% and 33% in tunnel tests with superior efficacy compared to Interceptor at 0, 24 and 36 months. Sterility effects in Royal Guard were higher when these nets were new and at six months but decreased to less than 10% after 12 months. Royal Guard consistently induced higher mortality compared to Interceptor up to 30 months while next-generation ITNs demonstrated higher efficacy in terms of mortality compared to standard LLINs against resistant strains; this superior bio-efficacy did not persist for the full three years. The impact of active ingredient (dual-AI) and PBO diminished relatively quickly. Aside from the initial period when the nets were new, the differences in mortality for Interceptor G2 and Olyset Plus and in sterility for Royal Guard, compared to the standard LLINs, were relatively small thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackline L. Martin
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Louisa A. Messenger
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89119, USA
- Parasitology and Vector Biology (PARAVEC) Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89119, USA
| | - Edmund Bernard
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Monica Kisamo
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Patric Hape
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Osca Sizya
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Festo
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Wambura Matiku
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Victoria Marcel
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth Malya
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Tatu Aziz
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Nancy S. Matowo
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jacklin F. Mosha
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Franklin W. Mosha
- Department of Parasitology, Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, BOX 2240, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Mark Rowland
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Natacha Protopopoff
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
- Health Interventions Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, 4123, Allschwill, Switzerland
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Kang H, Ai L, Zhen Z, Lu B, Man Z, Yi P, Li M, Lin L. A Novel Deep Learning Model for Accurate Pest Detection and Edge Computing Deployment. INSECTS 2023; 14:660. [PMID: 37504666 PMCID: PMC10380246 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an attention-mechanism-enhanced method based on a single-stage object detection model was proposed and implemented for the problem of rice pest detection. A multi-scale feature fusion network was first constructed to improve the model's predictive accuracy when dealing with pests of different scales. Attention mechanisms were then introduced to enable the model to focus more on the pest areas in the images, significantly enhancing the model's performance. Additionally, a small knowledge distillation network was designed for edge computing scenarios, achieving a high inference speed while maintaining a high accuracy. Experimental verification on the IDADP dataset shows that the model outperforms current state-of-the-art object detection models in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, mAP, and FPS. Specifically, a mAP of 87.5% and an FPS value of 56 were achieved, significantly outperforming other comparative models. These results sufficiently demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangyi Kang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luxin Ai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zengyi Zhen
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baojia Lu
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhangli Man
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengyu Yi
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Manzhou Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Lin
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Lees RS, Fornadel C, Snetselaar J, Wagman J, Spiers A. Insecticides for Mosquito Control: Improving and Validating Methods to Strengthen the Evidence Base. INSECTS 2023; 14:116. [PMID: 36835685 PMCID: PMC9961412 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to eliminate vector-borne diseases, for example malaria which caused an estimated 619,000 deaths in 2021 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Susan Lees
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Innovation to Impact, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Christen Fornadel
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Janneke Snetselaar
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Joe Wagman
- PATH, 455 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Angus Spiers
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Innovation to Impact, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Xu K, Lan H, He C, Wei Y, Lu Q, Cai K, Yu D, Yin X, Li Y, Lv J. Toxicological effects of trace amounts of pyriproxyfen on the midgut of non-target insect silkworm. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105266. [PMID: 36464371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator that is widely used in public health and pest control in agriculture. Our previous studies have shown that trace amounts of pyriproxyfen in the environment can cause serious toxic effects in the non-target insect silkworm, including failing to pupate, metamorphose and spin cocoons. However, it is unknown why pyriproxyfen not only has no lethal effects on fifth instar larvae but also tend to increase their body weight. The midgut is the main digestive organs of the silkworm, our results showed that the residual of pyriproxyfen in the silkworm at 24 h after 1 × 10-4 mg/L pyriproxyfen treatment caused severe damage to the midgut microvilli, goblet cells, and nuclei of the silkworm, but body weight and digestibility of the larval were both increased. In addition, pyriproxyfen significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of digestive enzymes (α-amylase, trehalase, trypsin and lipase) in the midgut of silkworm. However, it caused down-regulation of ecdysone synthesis-related genes at the end of the fifth instar silkworm, decreased ecdysone titer, and prolonged larval instar. At the same time, pyriproxyfen also activated transcription of detoxification enzymes-related genes such as the cytochrome P450 enzyme genes Cyp9a22 and Cyp15C1, the carboxylesterase genes CarE-8 and CarE-11, and the glutathione S-transferase gene GSTo2. This study elucidated a novel toxicological effect of pyriproxyfen to insects, which not only expands the understanding of the effects of juvenile hormone pesticides on lepidopteran insects but also provides a reference for exploring the ecological security of non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizun Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
| | - Huangli Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Chunhui He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yuting Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Qingyu Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Kunpei Cai
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Xingcan Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yizhe Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Guangxi Aquatic and Animal Husbandry School, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
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