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Ho KV, Hibbard BE, Do TTH, Pekarcik A, Huynh MP. A universal artificial diet for corn rootworm ( Diabrotica spp.) larval biopesticide assays. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1392198. [PMID: 39015485 PMCID: PMC11249545 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1392198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
We identified a single diet formulation that can be used for three Diabrotica species including southern (SCR), western (WCR), and northern corn rootworm (NCR) by evaluating the performance of these pests on specialized diets (F9800B diet for SCR, WCRMO-2 diet for WCR, and NCRMO-1 diet for NCR) and a larval diet (F9772 diet) widely used for lepidopteran species. After 10 days of rearing, the WCRMO-2 diet yielded better or equal larval growth and development of all three rootworm species compared to other diets. For SCR larvae, the WCRMO-2 diet outperformed other diets. Larval fresh weight, percent molt to 2nd instar, and percent molt to 3rd instar on the WCRMO-2 diet were 12-fold, 2.7-fold, and 14-fold increases, respectively compared to that of the F9800B diet. Significantly more SCR larvae survived on the WCRMO-2 diet (98.9%) than on the F9800B diet (90.6%). The WCRMO-2 diet supported WCR and NCR larvae equal to the NCRMO-1 diet and better than other diets. The F9772 diet was the worst diet of all examined species. The availability of a universal diet (the WCRMO-2 diet) for the three Diabrotica species would facilitate research programs to monitor resistance development and develop new control tactics targeting these important pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh-Van Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Post-harvest Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thu T. H. Do
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Adrian J. Pekarcik
- North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA- Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Man P. Huynh
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
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Meinke LJ, Spencer JL. Corn Rootworm: Biology, Ecology, Behavior, and Integrated Management. INSECTS 2024; 15:235. [PMID: 38667365 PMCID: PMC11050319 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Species of the beetle genus Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are native to North and South America, with their greatest diversity occurring in neotropical areas [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance J. Meinke
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joseph L. Spencer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
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Dos Santos AT, Souza JPA, Jorge IR, Andrade SMM, Rosa BB, Moura MO, Zarbin PHG. Can Pheromones Contribute to Phylogenetic Hypotheses? A Case Study of Chrysomelidae. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:611-641. [PMID: 37856061 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pheromones mediate species-level communication in the search for mates, nesting, and feeding sites. Although the role of pheromones has long been discussed by various authors, their existence was not proven until the mid-twentieth century when the first sex pheromone was identified. From this finding, much has been speculated about whether this communication mechanism has acted as a regulatory agent in the process of speciation, competition, and sexual selection since it acts as an intraspecific barrier. Chrysomelidae is one of the major Phytophaga lineages, with approximately 40,000 species. Due to this immense diversity the internal relationships remain unstable when analyzed only with morphological data, consequently recent efforts have been directed to molecular analyses to establish clarity for the relationships and found their respective monophyly. Therefore, our goals are twofold 1) to synthesize the current literature on Chrysomelidae sex pheromones and 2) to test whether Chrysomelidae sex pheromones and their chemical structures could be used in phylogenetic analysis for the group. The results show that, although this is the first analysis in Chrysomelidae to use pheromones as a phylogenetic character, much can be observed in agreement with previous analyses, thus confirming that pheromones, when known in their entirety within lineages, can be used as characters in phylogenetic analyses, bringing elucidation to the relationships and evolution of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluska T Dos Santos
- Setor de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - João P A Souza
- Setor de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Isaac R Jorge
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Samara M M Andrade
- Natural Resources Canada - Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Forestry, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Brunno B Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurício O Moura
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Setor de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
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Huynh MP, Geisert RW, Ludwick DC, Pekarcik AJ, Hibbard BE. Host search behaviors of specialist and generalist root feeding herbivores (Diabrotica spp.) on host and non-host plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17583. [PMID: 37845376 PMCID: PMC10579251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Western, northern, Mexican, and southern corn rootworms (WCR, NCR, MCR, and SCR) are serious corn pests. We evaluated host search behavior of these pests on six plant species using a video tracking system. After a 5-min exposure to plant roots, behavioral parameters were automatically recorded and used to quantify the search behavior. The search behavior was not observed for sorghum since no neonates survived after contacting sorghum roots. After exposures to corn roots, all neonates exhibited the localized search behaviors (i.e., shortening total distance traveled, lowering movement speed, increasing turn angle, moving farther from origin) which are used to stay in and search within root systems. When larvae contacted roots of wheat, barley, oats, soybean, or controls, they expanded the search area by extending the travel path, increasing velocity, and reducing turn angles and total distance moved. The intensity of the search expansion is highly associated with the host preferences known for the four rootworm species and subspecies. Neonates of each corn rootworm exhibited distinct search behaviors. In fact, NCR larvae had the highest speed, the greatest travel path, and the lowest turn angle, whereas MCR larvae had the highest turn angle and moved faster than WCR and SCR larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man P Huynh
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam.
| | - Ryan W Geisert
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dalton C Ludwick
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M, AgriLife Extension Service, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Adrian J Pekarcik
- North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Bruce E Hibbard
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Weber DC, Khrimian A, Ramirez Bonilla JP, Grettenberger IM, Guzman F, Haber AI. Vittatalactone is the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Western Striped Cucumber Beetle, Acalymma trivittatum. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:475-481. [PMID: 37247012 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We found that vittatalactone, specifically (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-[(1S,3S,5S)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyloctyl]oxetan-2-one, is the male-produced aggregation pheromone of the western striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma trivittatum (Mannerheim), as was previously shown for the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). A synthetic mixture containing 9% of the authentic natural pheromone, is attractive to both sexes of both species in the field, as demonstrated by trapping using baited and unbaited sticky panels in California and earlier in Maryland. Females of both species do not produce detectable vittatalactone. This finding expands the usefulness of the synthetic vittatalactone mixture for pest management throughout the range of both A. vittatum and A. trivittatum. Development of vittatalactone time-release formulations combined with cucurbitacin feeding stimulants offer the potential for selective and environmentally-friendly cucurbit pest management tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Weber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - Ashot Khrimian
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Ian M Grettenberger
- Dept. of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Filadelfo Guzman
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ariela I Haber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Thompson MN, Grunseich JM, Marmolejo LO, Aguirre NM, Bradicich PA, Behmer ST, Suh CPC, Helms AM. Undercover operation: Belowground insect herbivory modifies systemic plant defense and repels aboveground foraging insect herbivores. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1033730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants attacked by insects may induce defenses locally in attacked plant tissues and/or systemically in non-attacked tissues, such as aboveground herbivory affecting belowground roots or belowground herbivory modifying aboveground tissues (i.e., cross-compartment systemic defense). Through induced systemic plant defenses, above-and belowground insect herbivores indirectly interact when feeding on a shared host plant. However, determining the systemic effects of herbivory on cross-compartment plant tissues and cascading consequences for herbivore communities remains underexplored. The goal of this study was to determine how belowground striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) larval herbivory alters aboveground zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo) defenses and interactions with herbivores, including adult cucumber beetles and squash bugs (Anasa tristis). To explore this question, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to compare responses of aboveground herbivores to belowground larvae-damaged plants and non-damaged control plants. We also characterized changes in defensive chemicals and nutritional content of aboveground plant structures following belowground herbivory. We discovered belowground herbivory enhanced aboveground plant resistance and deterred aboveground foraging herbivores. We also found that larvae-damaged plants emitted higher amounts of a key volatile compound, (E)-β-ocimene, compared to non-damaged controls. Further investigation suggests that other mechanisms, such as plant nutrient content, may additionally contribute to aboveground herbivore foraging decisions. Collectively, our findings underscore connections between above-and belowground herbivore communities as mediated through induced systemic defenses of a shared host plant. Specifically, these findings indicate that belowground larval herbivory systemically enhances plant defenses and deters a suite of aboveground herbivores, suggesting larvae may manipulate aboveground plant defenses for their own benefit, while plants may benefit from enhanced systemic defenses against multi-herbivore attack.
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