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Eid RA, Abadi AM, Alghamdi MA, El-Kott AF, Mohamed G, Al-Shraim M, Alaa Eldeen M, Zaki MSA, Shalaby FM. Echinops Asteraceae extract guards against malathion-induced liver damage via minimizing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Toxicon 2024; 244:107750. [PMID: 38750940 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Malathion (MAL) is one of the highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds that induces hepatotoxicity. Echinops. ritro leaves extract (ERLE) is traditionally used in the treatment of bacterial/fungal infections. This study's goal was to investigate the potential of extracts from ERLE against hepatotoxicity induced by MAL in male albino rats. Four equal groups of forty mature male albino rats were created: The rats in the first group used as a control. The second group of rats received ERLE orally. The third group received MAL. ERLE and MAL were administered to the fourth group of rats. Six-week treatment groups were conducted. Using lipid peroxidation indicators [malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], oxidative stress markers [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], apoptotic markers [Bcl-2 & caspase-3] and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Rats treated with MAL underwent a significant increase on MDA, ALT, AST, caspase-3 and TNF-α marker with a significant decrease in antioxidant markers [CAT, SOD, GPx] and Bcl-2. Histologically, MAL-treated group's liver sections displayed damaged hepatocytes with collapsed portions, pyknotic nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and congested central veins. Ultra structurally, rat livers treated with MAL showed dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae, nuclei with disrupted chromatin content, multiple lysosomes, multiple vacuolations and a disrupted blood sinusoid. With rats treated with ERLE, these alterations were essentially non-existent. It is possible to conclude that ERLE protects against MAL hepatotoxicity, and that this protection is related, at least in part, to its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alsaleem Mohammed Abadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Samir A Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma Mohsen Shalaby
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Mansoura University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Zoology, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Alzabib AA, Al-Sarar AS, Abobakr Y, Saleh AA. Single and Combined Mutations of Acetylcholinesterase Gene Giving Resistance to Pirimiphos-Methyl in Musca domestica Slaughterhouse Populations. INSECTS 2023; 14:218. [PMID: 36975903 PMCID: PMC10053409 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a worldwide medical and veterinary pest, causing great economic losses. Organophosphate insecticides have been widely used to control house fly populations. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the resistance levels of M. domestica slaughterhouse populations, collected from Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, against the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl and investigate the genetic mutations of the Ace gene associated with pirimiphos-methyl resistance. The obtained data showed that there were significant differences among pirimiphos-methyl LC50 values of the studied populations, where the highest LC50 was recorded for the Riyadh population (8.44 mM), followed by Jeddah and Taif populations (2.45 mM and 1.63 mM, respectively). Seven nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in the studied house flies. The Ile239Val and Glu243Lys mutations are reported for the first time, whereas Val260Leu, Ala316Ser, Gly342Ala, Gly342Val, and Phe407Tyr were previously reported in M. domestica field populations from other countries. Considering three mutations associated with insecticide resistance, at amino acid positions 260, 342, and 407 of acetylcholinesterase polypeptide, 17 combinations were recovered in this study. Three out of these seventeen combinations were frequently found both worldwide and in the three Saudi house fly field populations, as well as their pirimiphos-methyl-surviving flies. Overall, the single and combined Ace mutations are apparently associated with pirimiphos-methyl resistance, and the obtained data can be useful in managing house fly field populations in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Alzabib
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Al-Sarar
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Abobakr
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Alexandria 21616, Egypt
| | - Amgad A. Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
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Kinareikina A, Silivanova E. Impact of Insecticides at Sublethal Concentrations on the Enzyme Activities in Adult Musca domestica L. TOXICS 2023; 11:47. [PMID: 36668773 PMCID: PMC9862462 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of pesticides is, as before, the most common way to control arthropod plant pests and the ectoparasites of animals. The sublethal effects of pesticides on insects can appear at different levels, from genetics to populations, and the study of these effects is important for a better understanding of the environmental and evolutionary patterns of pesticidal resistance. The current study aimed to assess the sublethal effects of chlorfenapyr and fipronil on the activities of detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase-CarE, acetylcholinesterase-AChE, glutathione-S-transferase-GST, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-P450) in adults Musca domestica L. The insects were exposure to insecticides by a no-choice feeding test and the enzyme activities and the AChE kinetic parameters were examined in female and male specimens at 24 h after their exposure. According to Tukey's test, the CarE activity was statistically significantly decreased by 29.63% in the females of M. domestica after an exposure to chlorfenapyr at a concentration of 0.015% when compared to the controls (p ≤ 0.05). An exposure to the sublethal concentration of fipronil (0.001%) was followed by a slightly decrease in the specific activity (33.20%, p ≤ 0.05) and the main kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km) of AChE in females in comparison with the control values. The GST and P450 activities had not significantly changed in M. domestica males and females 24 h after their exposure to chlorfenapyr and fipronil at sublethal concentrations. The results suggest that the males and females of M. domestica displayed biochemically different responses to fipronil, that is a neurotoxin, and chlorfenapyr, that is a decoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Further research needs to be addressed to the molecular mechanisms underlying the peculiarities of the insect enzyme responses to different insecticides.
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Ghramh HA, Sadiq N, Naqqash MN, Abid AD, Shahzad S, Saeed S, Iqbal N, Khan KA. Transgenerational effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:19228. [PMID: 36357409 PMCID: PMC9649667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormetic effect may cause disease control measures to fail due to inadequate treatment of human disease vectors such as houseflies. Age-stage, two-sex life table is used for accurate estimation of the hermetic impacts on insects as it allows to study sub-lethal or transgenerational effects. Pyrethroids insecticides are primarily used for the management of houseflies. This study used lambda-cyhalothrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) to quantify its transgenerational impacts on houseflies. Life table parameters of a progeny of adult houseflies exposed to LC10, LC30, and LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were computed. Statistically higher fecundity (71.31 per female) was observed in control treatment, while it was the adults exposed to LC50 recorded the lowest progeny. Significantly higher values for intrinsic rate of growth (r), limiting rate of growth (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) (0.16, 1.16, and 31.38 per day, respectively) were recorded for the control treatment of the study. Contrarily, lower values for λ, Ro, and r were (0.10, 1.10, and 9.24 per day, respectively) were noted in the LC50 treatment. Decreased population parameters suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be successfully used in indoor environments to control houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A. Ghramh
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nauman Sadiq
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadir Naqqash
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta Abid
- Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Shahzad
- Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- grid.512629.b0000 0004 5373 1288Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia ,grid.412144.60000 0004 1790 7100Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia
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