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Xue R, Guo R, Li Q, Lin T, Wu Z, Gao N, Wu F, Tong L, Zeng R, Song Y, Wang J. Rice responds to Spodoptera frugiperda infestation via epigenetic regulation of H3K9ac in the jasmonic acid signaling and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:78. [PMID: 38393406 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study provided important insights into the complex epigenetic regulatory of H3K9ac-modified genes involved in the jasmonic acid signaling and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways of rice in response to Spodoptera frugiperda infestation. Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to insect herbivores have been well studied, while epigenetic modifications such as histone acetylation and their potential regulation at the genomic level of hidden genes remain largely unknown. Histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) is an epigenetic marker widely distributed in plants that can activate gene transcription. In this study, we provided the genome-wide profiles of H3K9ac in rice (Oryza sativa) infested by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, FAW) using CUT&Tag-seq and RNA-seq. There were 3269 and 4609 up-regulated genes identified in plants infested by FAW larvae for 3 h and 12 h, respectively, which were mainly enriched in alpha-linolenic acid and phenylpropanoid pathways according to transcriptomic analysis. In addition, CUT&Tag-seq analysis revealed increased H3K9ac in FAW-infested plants, and there were 422 and 543 up-regulated genes enriched with H3K9ac observed at 3 h and 12 h after FAW feeding, respectively. Genes with increased H3K9ac were mainly enriched in the transcription start site (TSS), suggesting that H3K9ac is related to gene transcription. Integrative analysis of both RNA-seq and CUT&Tag-seq data showed that up-expressed genes with H3K9ac enrichment were mainly involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) and phenylpropanoid pathways. Particularly, two spermidine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase genes SHT1 and SHT2 involved in phenolamide biosynthesis were highly modified by H3K9ac in FAW-infested plants. Furthermore, the Ossht1 and Ossht2 transgenic lines exhibited decreased resistance against FAW larvae. Our findings suggest that rice responds to insect herbivory via H3K9ac epigenetic regulation in the JA signaling and phenolamide biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruiqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianhuang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zicha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Mubayiwa M, Machekano H, Chidawanyika F, Mvumi BM, Segaiso B, Nyamukondiwa C. Sub-optimal host plants have developmental and thermal fitness costs to the invasive fall armyworm. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1204278. [PMID: 38469519 PMCID: PMC10926449 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1204278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a global invasive pest of cereals. Although this pest uses maize and sorghum as its main hosts, it is associated with a wide range of host plants due to its polyphagous nature. Despite the FAW's polyphagy being widely reported in literature, few studies have investigated the effects of the non-preferred conditions or forms (e.g., drought-stressed forms) of this pest's hosts on its physiological and ecological fitness. Thus, the interactive effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on FAW fitness costs or benefits have not been specifically investigated. We therefore assessed the effects of host plant quality on the developmental rates and thermal tolerance of the FAW. Specifically, we reared FAW neonates on three hosts (maize, cowpeas, and pearl millet) under two treatments per host plant [unstressed (well watered) and stressed (water deprived)] until the adult stage. Larval growth rates and pupal weights were determined. Thermal tolerance traits viz critical thermal maxima (CTmax), critical thermal minima (CTmin), heat knockdown time (HKDT), chill-coma recovery time (CCRT), and supercooling points (SCPs) were measured for the emerging adults from each treatment. The results showed that suboptimal diets significantly prolonged the developmental time of FAW larvae and reduced their growth rates and ultimate body weights, but did not impair their full development. Suboptimal diets (comprising non-cereal plants and drought-stressed cereal plants) increased the number of larval instars to eight compared to six for optimal natural diets (unstressed maize and pearl millet). Apart from direct effects, in all cases, suboptimal diets significantly reduced the heat tolerance of FAWs, but their effect on cold tolerance was recorded only in select cases (e.g., SCP). These results suggest host plant effects on the physical and thermal fitness of FAW, indicating a considerable degree of resilience against multiple stressors. This pest's resilience can present major drawbacks to its cultural management using suboptimal hosts (in crop rotations or intercrops) through its ability to survive on most host plants despite their water stress condition and gains in thermal fitness. The fate of FAW population persistence under multivariate environmental stresses is therefore not entirely subject to prior environmental host plant history or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macdonald Mubayiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Honest Machekano
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frank Chidawanyika
- Plant Health Department, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Brighton M. Mvumi
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bame Segaiso
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Casper Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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