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Fyie LR, Westby KM, Meuti ME. Light pollution disrupts circadian clock gene expression in two mosquito vectors during their overwintering dormancy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2398. [PMID: 38287057 PMCID: PMC10824765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly important form of environmental disturbance as it alters Light:Dark cycles that regulate daily and seasonal changes in physiology and phenology. The Northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens) and the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) enter an overwintering dormancy known as diapause that is cued by short days. These two species differ in diapause strategy: Cx. pipiens diapause as adult females while Ae. albopictus enter a maternally-programmed, egg diapause. Previous studies found that ALAN inhibits diapause in both species, but the mechanism is unknown. As the circadian clock is implicated in the regulation of diapause in many insects, we examined whether exposure to ALAN altered the daily expression of core circadian cloc genes (cycle, Clock, period, timeless, cryptochrome 1, cryptochrome 2, and Par domain protein 1) in these two species when reared under short-day, diapause-inducing conditions. We found that exposure to ALAN altered the abundance of several clock genes in adult females of both species, but that clock gene rhythmicity was maintained for most genes. ALAN also had little effect on clock gene abundance in mature oocytes that were dissected from female Ae. albopictus that were reared under short day conditions. Our findings indicate that ALAN may inhibit diapause initiation through the circadian clock in two medically-important mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Fyie
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Katie M Westby
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 6750 Tyson Valley Road, Eureka, MO, 63025, USA
| | - Megan E Meuti
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Coetzee BWT, Burke AM, Koekemoer LL, Robertson MP, Smit IPJ. Scaling artificial light at night and disease vector interactions into socio-ecological systems: a conceptual appraisal. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220371. [PMID: 37899011 PMCID: PMC10613543 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is burgeoning interest in how artificial light at night (ALAN) interacts with disease vectors, particularly mosquitoes. ALAN can alter mosquito behaviour and biting propensity, and so must alter disease transfer rates. However, most studies to date have been laboratory-based, and it remains unclear how ALAN modulates disease vector risk. Here, we identify five priorities to assess how artificial light can influence disease vectors in socio-ecological systems. These are to (i) clarify the mechanistic role of artificial light on mosquitoes, (ii) determine how ALAN interacts with other drivers of global change to influence vector disease dynamics across species, (iii) determine how ALAN interacts with other vector suppression strategies, (iv) measure and quantify the impact of ALAN at scales relevant for vectors, and (v) overcome the political and social barriers in implementing it as a novel vector suppression strategy. These priorities must be addressed to evaluate the costs and benefits of employing appropriate ALAN regimes in complex socio-ecological systems if it is to reduce disease burdens, especially in the developing world. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard W. T. Coetzee
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Ashley M. Burke
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - Lizette L. Koekemoer
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2131, South Africa
| | - Mark P. Robertson
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Izak P. J. Smit
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, George, South Africa
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University (NMU), George Campus, Madiba drive, 6531 George, South Africa
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da Silva Bastos A, Dos Santos NAC, Andrade AO, Pontual JDC, Araújo JE, Medeiros JF, da Silva Araújo M. Evaluation of insemination, blood feeding, and Plasmodium vivax infection effects on locomotor activity patterns of the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2023; 123:15. [PMID: 38060049 PMCID: PMC10703739 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian behavioral patterns in mosquitoes can be observed through their locomotor activity, which includes fundamental behaviors such as foraging, mating, and oviposition. These habits, which are fundamental to the life cycle of Anopheles mosquitoes, are closely related to pathogen transmission to humans. While rhythmic cycles of locomotor activity have been described in Anopheles species, no studies have been conducted on Anopheles darlingi species, the main malaria vector in the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to investigate how insemination status, blood meal, and Plasmodium vivax infection affect the locomotor activity of An. darlingi. The experiments were performed with 3- to 10-day-old An. darlingi females, which had been fed with 15% honey solution. These mosquitoes were obtained from the Malaria Vector Production and Infection Platform (PIVEM)/FIOCRUZ-RO. The experimental groups were divided into four categories: virgin vs. inseminated, unfed virgin vs. blood-fed virgin, unfed inseminated vs. blood-fed inseminated, and infected blood vs. uninfected blood. Locomotor activity was monitored using the Flybox equipment, capturing images that were subsequently converted into video to measure the insect activity, using PySoLo software. The periodicity and rhythmicity of mosquito locomotor activity were analyzed using MatLab® software. The locomotor activity of An. darlingi females showed a nocturnal and bimodal pattern under LD conditions. When comparing the insemination states and blood meal, there was a reduction in the locomotor activity in inseminated and blood-fed females. However, the P. vivax+ infection did not increase locomotor activity of An. darlingi species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra da Silva Bastos
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Najara Akira Costa Dos Santos
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Alice Oliveira Andrade
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - José Daniel Costa Pontual
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Evangelista Araújo
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Experimental, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Maisa da Silva Araújo
- Plataforma de Produção E Infecção de Vetores da Malária (PIVEM), Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e uso de Recursos Naturais-PPGReN, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional E Clínica, Centro de Pesquisa Em Medicina Tropical, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
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