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Yu L, Yin Y, Wang Q, Zhao P, Han Q, Liao C. Impact of Ae-GRD on Ivermectin Resistance and Its Regulation by miR-71-5p in Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2024; 15:453. [PMID: 38921167 PMCID: PMC11203581 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
iGABAR, a member of the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, is a significant target of the insecticide ivermectin (IVM). GRD is the potential subunit of the insect iGABAR. However, little information about GRD in Ae. aegypti has been reported. In this study, we involved cloning and characterizing the iGABAR subunit GRD of Ae. aegypti (Ae-GRD). Sequence analysis indicated that Ae-GRD, as part of the cysteine-loop ligand-gated ion channel family, is similar to other insect GRD. RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to explore IVM resistance in Ae. aegypti, resulting in a significant reduction in Ae-GRD expression (p < 0.05), and the mortality of Ae. aegypti adults with Ae-GRD knockdown was significantly decreased after exposure to ivermectin. Bioinformatics prediction identified miR-71-5p as a potential regulator of Ae-GRD. In vitro, dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that Ae-GRD expression was regulated by miR-71-5p. Microinjection of miR-71-5p mimics upregulated miR-71-5p expression and downregulated Ae-GRD gene expression, reducing mortality by 34.52% following IVM treatment. Conversely, microinjection of a miR-71-5p inhibitor decreased miR-71-5p expression but did not affect the susceptibility to IVM despite increased Ae-GRD expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Ae-GRD, as one of the iGABA receptor subunits, is a potential target of ivermectin. It may influence ivermectin resistance by modulating the GABA signaling pathway. The inhibition of Ae-GRD expression by miR-71-5p decreased ivermectin resistance and consequently lowered the mortality rate of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This finding provides empirical evidence of the relationship between Ae-GRD and its miRNA in modulating insecticide resistance, offering novel perspectives for mosquito control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yu
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (P.Z.)
- Hainan One Health Key Laboratory, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan International One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (P.Z.)
- Hainan One Health Key Laboratory, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan International One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiuhui Wang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (P.Z.)
- Hainan One Health Key Laboratory, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan International One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (P.Z.)
- Hainan One Health Key Laboratory, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan International One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (P.Z.)
- Hainan One Health Key Laboratory, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan International One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chenghong Liao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (P.Z.)
- Hainan One Health Key Laboratory, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan International One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Zhang H, Sun F, Zhang W, Gao X, Du L, Yun X, Li Y, Li L, Pang B, Tan Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Galeruca daurica Reveals Cold Tolerance Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2177. [PMID: 38136998 PMCID: PMC10742598 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is a pest species with serious outbreaks in the Inner Mongolian grasslands in recent years, and its larvae and eggs are extremely cold-tolerant. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of its cold-tolerant stress response, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly of G. daurica via RNA-Seq and compared the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of first- and second-instar larvae grown and developed indoors and outdoors, respectively. The results show that cold tolerance in G. daurica is associated with changes in gene expression mainly involved in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Compared with the control group (indoor), the genes associated with gluconeogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and HSP production were up-regulated in the larvae grown and developed outdoors. While the changes in these genes were related to the physiological metabolism and growth of insects, it was hypothesized that the proteins encoded by these genes play an important role in cold tolerance in insects. In addition, we also investigated the expression of genes related to the metabolic pathway of HSPs, and the results show that the HSP-related genes were significantly up-regulated in the larvae of G. daurica grown and developed outdoors compared with the indoor control group. Finally, we chose to induce significant expression differences in the Hsp70 gene (Hsp70A1, Hsp70-2 and Hsp70-3) via RNAi to further illustrate the role of heat stress proteins in cold tolerance on G. daurica larvae. The results show that separate and mixed injections of dsHSP70A1, dsHsp70-2 and dsHsp70-3 significantly reduced expression levels of the target genes in G. daurica larvae. The super-cooling point (SCP) and the body fluid freezing point (FP) of the test larvae were determined after RNAi using the thermocouple method, and it was found that silencing the Hsp70 genes significantly increased the SCP and FP of G. daurica larvae, which validated the role of heat shock proteins in the cold resistance of G. daurica larvae. Our findings provide an important theoretical basis for further excavating the key genes and proteins in response to extremely cold environments and analyzing the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in insects in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Feilong Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010010, China;
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Lei Du
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (L.D.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaopeng Yun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (L.D.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Baoping Pang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yao Tan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (H.Z.); (F.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (B.P.)
- Research Center for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010010, China;
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