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Siddiqui JA, Fan R, Naz H, Bamisile BS, Hafeez M, Ghani MI, Wei Y, Xu Y, Chen X. Insights into insecticide-resistance mechanisms in invasive species: Challenges and control strategies. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1112278. [PMID: 36699674 PMCID: PMC9868318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Threatening the global community is a wide variety of potential threats, most notably invasive pest species. Invasive pest species are non-native organisms that humans have either accidentally or intentionally spread to new regions. One of the most effective and first lines of control strategies for controlling pests is the application of insecticides. These toxic chemicals are employed to get rid of pests, but they pose great risks to people, animals, and plants. Pesticides are heavily used in managing invasive pests in the current era. Due to the overuse of synthetic chemicals, numerous invasive species have already developed resistance. The resistance development is the main reason for the failure to manage the invasive species. Developing pesticide resistance management techniques necessitates a thorough understanding of the mechanisms through which insects acquire insecticide resistance. Insects use a variety of behavioral, biochemical, physiological, genetic, and metabolic methods to deal with toxic chemicals, which can lead to resistance through continuous overexpression of detoxifying enzymes. An overabundance of enzymes causes metabolic resistance, detoxifying pesticides and rendering them ineffective against pests. A key factor in the development of metabolic resistance is the amplification of certain metabolic enzymes, specifically esterases, Glutathione S-transferase, Cytochromes p450 monooxygenase, and hydrolyses. Additionally, insect guts offer unique habitats for microbial colonization, and gut bacteria may serve their hosts a variety of useful services. Most importantly, the detoxification of insecticides leads to resistance development. The complete knowledge of invasive pest species and their mechanisms of resistance development could be very helpful in coping with the challenges and effectively developing effective strategies for the control of invasive species. Integrated Pest Management is particularly effective at lowering the risk of chemical and environmental contaminants and the resulting health issues, and it may also offer the most effective ways to control insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruidong Fan
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
| | - Hira Naz
- Research and Development Centre for Fine Chemicals, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiming Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, China,College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen,
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Bernot JP, Avdeyev P, Zamyatin A, Dreyer N, Alexeev N, Pérez-Losada M, Crandall KA. Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation, and phylogenomics of the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes. Gigascience 2022; 11:giac021. [PMID: 35277961 PMCID: PMC8917513 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The barnacles are a group of >2,000 species that have fascinated biologists, including Darwin, for centuries. Their lifestyles are extremely diverse, from free-swimming larvae to sessile adults, and even root-like endoparasites. Barnacles also cause hundreds of millions of dollars of losses annually due to biofouling. However, genomic resources for crustaceans, and barnacles in particular, are lacking. RESULTS Using 62× Pacific Biosciences coverage, 189× Illumina whole-genome sequencing coverage, 203× HiC coverage, and 69× CHi-C coverage, we produced a chromosome-level genome assembly of the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes. The P. pollicipes genome is 770 Mb long and its assembly is one of the most contiguous and complete crustacean genomes available, with a scaffold N50 of 47 Mb and 90.5% of the BUSCO Arthropoda gene set. Using the genome annotation produced here along with transcriptomes of 13 other barnacle species, we completed phylogenomic analyses on a nearly 2 million amino acid alignment. Contrary to previous studies, our phylogenies suggest that the Pollicipedomorpha is monophyletic and sister to the Balanomorpha, which alters our understanding of barnacle larval evolution and suggests homoplasy in a number of naupliar characters. We also compared transcriptomes of P. pollicipes nauplius larvae and adults and found that nearly one-half of the genes in the genome are differentially expressed, highlighting the vastly different transcriptomes of larvae and adult gooseneck barnacles. Annotation of the genes with KEGG and GO terms reveals that these stages exhibit many differences including cuticle binding, chitin binding, microtubule motor activity, and membrane adhesion. CONCLUSION This study provides high-quality genomic resources for a key group of crustaceans. This is especially valuable given the roles P. pollicipes plays in European fisheries, as a sentinel species for coastal ecosystems, and as a model for studying barnacle adhesion as well as its key position in the barnacle tree of life. A combination of genomic, phylogenetic, and transcriptomic analyses here provides valuable insights into the evolution and development of barnacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Bernot
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Pavel Avdeyev
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Anton Zamyatin
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Niklas Dreyer
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Program, International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikita Alexeev
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20012, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Midgut transcriptome assessment of the cockroach-hunting wasp Ampulex compressa (Apoidea: Ampulicidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252221. [PMID: 34166422 PMCID: PMC8224941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerald jewel wasp Ampulex compressa (Hymenoptera: Ampulicidae) is a solitary wasp that is widely known for its specialized hunting of cockroaches as larvae provision. Adult wasps mainly feed on pollen and nectar, while their larvae feed on the cockroachs’ body, first as ecto- and later as endoparsitoids. Little is known about the expression of digestive, detoxification and stress-response-related genes in the midgut of A. compressa, or about its transcriptional versatility between life stages. To identify gut-biased genes related to digestion, detoxification, and stress response, we explored the midgut transcriptome of lab-reared A. compressa, for both adults and larvae, by focusing on the top 100 significantly up- and down-regulated genes. From the top 100 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we identified 39 and 36 DEGs putatively related to digestion and detoxification in the adult wasps and larvae, respectively. The two carbohydrases alpha-glucosidase (containing an alpha-amylase domain) and glycosyl hydrolase family 31, as well as the two proteinases chymotrypsin and trypsin, revealed the highest gene diversity. We identified six significant DEGs related to detoxification, which comprise glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. The gene expression levels that were significantly expressed in both life stages vary strongly between life stages, as found in genes encoding for chymotrypsin and trypsin or glycosyl hydrolases family 31. The number of genes related to alpha-glucosidase, glycosyl hydrolase family 31, and cytochrome P450s was found to be similar across nine reference hymenopteran species, except for the identified glycosyl hydrolase family 31 gene, which was absent in all reference bee species. Phylogenetic analyses of the latter candidate genes revealed that they cluster together with their homologous genes found in the reference hymenopteran species. These identified candidate genes provide a basis for future comparative genomic and proteomic studies on (ontogenetic) dietary transitions in Hymenoptera.
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Scharf I, Stoldt M, Libbrecht R, Höpfner AL, Jongepier E, Kever M, Foitzik S. Social isolation causes downregulation of immune and stress response genes and behavioural changes in a social insect. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2378-2389. [PMID: 33772940 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other social mammals experience isolation from their group as stressful, triggering behavioural and physiological anomalies that reduce fitness. While social isolation has been intensely studied in social mammals, it is less clear how social insects, which evolved sociality independently, respond to isolation. Here we examined whether the typical mammalian responses to social isolation, e.g., an impaired ability to interact socially and immune suppression are also found in social insects. We studied the consequences of social isolation on behaviour and brain gene expression in the ant Temnothorax nylanderi. Following isolation, workers interacted moderately less with adult nestmates, increased the duration of brood contact, and reduced the time spent self-grooming, an important sanitary behaviour. Our brain transcriptome analysis revealed that only a few behaviour-related genes had altered their expression with isolation time. Rather, many genes linked to immune system functioning and stress response had been downregulated. This probably sensitizes isolated individuals to various stressors, in particular because isolated workers exhibit reduced sanitary behaviour. We provide evidence of the diverse consequences of social isolation in social insects, some of which resemble those found in social mammals, suggesting a general link between social well-being, stress tolerance, and immune competence in social animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inon Scharf
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marah Stoldt
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Romain Libbrecht
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Höpfner
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Evelien Jongepier
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marion Kever
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Xavier CAD, Allen ML, Whitfield AE. Ever-increasing viral diversity associated with the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Virol J 2021; 18:5. [PMID: 33407622 PMCID: PMC7788728 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in sequencing and analysis tools have facilitated discovery of many new viruses from invertebrates, including ants. Solenopsis invicta is an invasive ant that has quickly spread worldwide causing significant ecological and economic impacts. Its virome has begun to be characterized pertaining to potential use of viruses as natural enemies. Although the S. invicta virome is the best characterized among ants, most studies have been performed in its native range, with less information from invaded areas. Methods Using a metatranscriptome approach, we further identified and molecularly characterized virus sequences associated with S. invicta, in two introduced areas, U.S and Taiwan. The data set used here was obtained from different stages (larvae, pupa, and adults) of S. invicta life cycle. Publicly available RNA sequences from GenBank’s Sequence Read Archive were downloaded and de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0.1. Contigs were compared against the non-redundant protein sequences and those showing similarity to viral sequences were further analyzed. Results We characterized five putative new viruses associated with S. invicta transcriptomes. Sequence comparisons revealed extensive divergence across ORFs and genomic regions with most of them sharing less than 40% amino acid identity with those closest homologous sequences previously characterized. The first negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus genomic sequences included in the orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales are reported. In addition, two positive single-strand virus genome sequences and one single strand DNA virus genome sequence were also identified. While the presence of a putative tenuivirus associated with S. invicta was previously suggested to be a contamination, here we characterized and present strong evidence that Solenopsis invicta virus 14 (SINV-14) is a tenui-like virus that has a long-term association with the ant. Furthermore, based on virus sequence abundance compared to housekeeping genes, phylogenetic relationships, and completeness of viral coding sequences, our results suggest that four of five virus sequences reported, those being SINV-14, SINV-15, SINV-16 and SINV-17, may be associated to viruses actively replicating in the ant S. invicta. Conclusions The present study expands our knowledge about viral diversity associated with S. invicta in introduced areas with potential to be used as biological control agents, which will require further biological characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Diniz Xavier
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 840 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Margaret Louise Allen
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
| | - Anna Elizabeth Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 840 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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Sparks ME, Nelson DR, Haber AI, Weber DC, Harrison RL. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Striped Cucumber Beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), Reveals Numerous Sex-Specific Transcripts and Xenobiotic Detoxification Genes. BIOTECH 2020; 9:biotech9040021. [PMID: 35822824 PMCID: PMC9258315 DOI: 10.3390/biotech9040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acalymma vittatum (F.), the striped cucumber beetle, is an important pest of cucurbit crops in the contintental United States, damaging plants through both direct feeding and vectoring of a bacterial wilt pathogen. Besides providing basic biological knowledge, biosequence data for A. vittatum would be useful towards the development of molecular biopesticides to complement existing population control methods. However, no such datasets currently exist. In this study, three biological replicates apiece of male and female adult insects were sequenced and assembled into a set of 630,139 transcripts (of which 232,899 exhibited hits to one or more sequences in NCBI NR). Quantitative analyses identified 2898 genes differentially expressed across the male–female divide, and qualitative analyses characterized the insect’s resistome, comprising the glutathione S-transferase, carboxylesterase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase families of xenobiotic detoxification genes. In summary, these data provide useful insights into genes associated with sex differentiation and this beetle’s innate genetic capacity to develop resistance to synthetic pesticides; furthermore, these genes may serve as useful targets for potential use in molecular-based biocontrol technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Sparks
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.I.H.); (D.C.W.)
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Ariela I. Haber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.I.H.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Donald C. Weber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.I.H.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Robert L. Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (M.E.S.); (A.I.H.); (D.C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-504-5249
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Near-Complete Genome Sequences of New Strains of Nylanderia Fulva Virus 1 from Solenopsis invicta. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/15/e00798-19. [PMID: 32273367 PMCID: PMC7380534 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00798-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nylanderia fulva virus 1 (NfV-1) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that infects the tawny crazy ant. Three near-complete genomes of NfV-1SI (92% to 94% nucleotide identity to reference strain NfV-1) found infecting the red imported fire ant were determined. The genomes have 10,904 to 10,918 nucleotides and include most of the coding region for the polyprotein. Nylanderia fulva virus 1 (NfV-1) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that infects the tawny crazy ant. Three near-complete genomes of NfV-1SI (92% to 94% nucleotide identity to reference strain NfV-1) found infecting the red imported fire ant were determined. The genomes have 10,904 to 10,918 nucleotides and include most of the coding region for the polyprotein.
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Han X, Lu C, Geib SM, Zheng J, Wu S, Zhang F, Liang G. Characterization of Dendrolimus houi Lajonquiere (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Transcriptome across All Life Stages. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10120442. [PMID: 31835398 PMCID: PMC6956129 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrolimus houi Lajonquiere is a phytophagous caterpillar infesting many economically important coniferous tree species in China, causing serious economic and ecological environment losses. Based on previous research, it has one generation per year in South China and East China in contrast to two generations per year in Yunnan province in southwestern China. The species is potentially resilient to climatic extremes in these regions with the eggs and 1st instar larvae surviving in the winter (5 °C), older instar larvae and pupae surviving high temperatures in the summer (35 °C), suggesting some temperature stress tolerance during different developmental stages. However, little is known in this species at the genetic and genomic level. In this study, we used high throughput sequencing to obtain transcriptome data from different developmental stages (eggs, 1st-3rd instar larvae, 4th-5th instar larvae, 6th-7th instar larvae, pupae, male and female adults), which were collected from Fujian province. In total, we obtained approximately 90 Gb of data, from which 33,720 unigenes were assembled and 17,797 unigenes were annotated. We furtherly analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) across all stages, the largest number between the eggs and 1st instar larvae stage and gene expression varied significantly in different developmental stages. Furthermore, 4138 SSR genes and 114,977 SNP loci were screened from transcriptome data. This paper will be a foundation for further study towards improved integrated pest management strategies for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Han
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Ciding Lu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Scott M. Geib
- Daniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 64 Nowelo, St.; Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Junxian Zheng
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Songqing Wu
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (S.W.)
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Feiping Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Guanghong Liang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (S.W.)
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0591-8385-1475
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Transcriptome Sequencing of Immature Ants Reveals the Complete Genome Sequence of a New Isolate of Solenopsis invicta Virus 2 from the Mississippi Delta. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/18/e01115-18. [PMID: 31048388 PMCID: PMC6498243 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01115-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solenopsis invictavirus 2 (SINV-2) is an RNA virus that infects red imported fire ants. I report the genome sequence of SINV-2MSD, an isolate infecting ants collected from Mississippi. Solenopsis invictavirus 2 (SINV-2) is an RNA virus that infects red imported fire ants. I report the genome sequence of SINV-2MSD, an isolate infecting ants collected from Mississippi. The obtained genome is 11,303 nucleotides, including six open reading frames encoding four structural proteins, a helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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