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Gómez-García M, Torrado J, Pereira M, Bia D, Zócalo Y. Fat-Free Mass Index, Visceral Fat Level, and Muscle Mass Percentage Better Explain Deviations From the Expected Value of Aortic Pressure and Structural and Functional Arterial Properties Than Body Fat Indexes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:856198. [PMID: 35571946 PMCID: PMC9099434 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.856198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived indexes [e.g., fat (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI), visceral fat level (VFL)] are used to characterize obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). The BIA-derived index that better predicts arterial variability is still discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gómez-García
- Departamento de Educación Física y Salud, Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- CUiiDARTE-Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Torrado
- CUiiDARTE-Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - María Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BronxCare Hospital Center a Clinical Affiliate of Mt Sinai Health Systems and Academic Affiliate of Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Bia
- CUiiDARTE-Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Zócalo
- CUiiDARTE-Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Yanina Zócalo
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Gómez-García M, Torrado J, Bia D, Zócalo Y. Influence of Epoch Length and Recording Site on the Relationship Between Tri-Axial Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity Levels and Structural, Functional, and Hemodynamic Properties of Central and Peripheral Arteries. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:799659. [PMID: 35280222 PMCID: PMC8909126 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.799659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIt remains to be established to what extent physical activity (PA) levels among individuals are independently associated with deviations from the “optimal” state of the arterial system. Accelerometers have been proposed as means to obtain reliable, objective, and more comprehensive data of PA. Decisions at the time of data collection/processing could influence the association between accelerometry-derived indices and arterial properties.Objectives(i) To identify to what extent the strength of association between arterial properties and accelerometer-derived indices depend on the recording site and/or the epoch length; (ii) to determine whether some arterial characteristics (hemodynamic vs. structural vs. functional) or regions (elastic vs. transitional vs. muscular arteries; central vs. peripheral) have higher levels of association with accelerometry-derived indices.MethodsPhysical activity (PA), cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), and cardiovascular properties were evaluated in 60 volunteers (general population; age: 23–62 years; women: 43%). PA was measured daily for 7 days (free-living situation; triaxial-accelerometers ActiGraph-GT3X+; hip and wrist; “Worn-to-wrist” option) and raw data was converted at epoch lengths of 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60-s. PA-related energy expenditure, daily time in moderate-to-vigorous PA, steps/minute, and counts-per-minute for vector magnitude were calculated. The cardiovascular evaluation included hemodynamic (central and peripheral pressure), structural (diameters and intima-media thickness), and functional (local and regional stiffness) parameters of carotids, femoral, and brachial arteries, and carotid-femoral and carotid-radial pathways. Arterial z-scores were obtained using age-related equations derived from healthy participants not exposed to CRFs (n = 1,688; age: 2–84 years; female: 51.2%) to evaluate at which degree each parameter deviates from the “optimal” value.MethodsIn general, hip recordings outperformed those obtained on the wrist regarding the strength of association with arterial parameters. Accelerometer-derived indices and their association with arterial properties vary depending on the recording site and epoch length. PA indices are stronger associated with functional (local) than structural variables and with central than peripheral arteries.ConclusionsRegardless of the PA index, there were independent associations with central artery characteristics, which reinforces that these territories would be the most related to PA levels. Differences in data acquisition and processing could lead to differences in conclusions when addressing the association between accelerometer-derived indices and the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gómez-García
- Departamento de Educación Física y Salud, Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Grupo “Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial – Movimiento, Actividad, Salud” (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Torrado
- Grupo “Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial – Movimiento, Actividad, Salud” (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Bia
- Grupo “Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial – Movimiento, Actividad, Salud” (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Zócalo
- Grupo “Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial – Movimiento, Actividad, Salud” (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Yanina Zócalo
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Zócalo Y, Gómez-García M, Torrado J, Bia D. Aging-Related Moderation of the Link Between Compliance With International Physical Activity Recommendations and the Hemodynamic, Structural, and Functional Arterial Status of 3,619 Subjects Aged 3–90 Years. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:800249. [PMID: 35265833 PMCID: PMC8899126 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.800249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compliance with physical activity recommendations (CPARs) is associated with better health indicators. However, there are only few studies to date that have comprehensively analyzed the association between CPARs and cardiovascular status “as a whole” (e.g., analyzing hemodynamic, structural, and functional properties, and different arterial territories). The relationship between CPARs and cardiovascular properties could be strongly influenced by the growth and aging process. Aim The goal of the study is to investigate the association between CPAR and cardiovascular properties by placing special emphasis on: (i) identifying if there is an independent association, (ii) if the association is “moderated” by age, and (iii) to what extent the association depends on the arterial parameter (hemodynamic vs. structural vs. functional) and/or the arterial segment (e.g., central vs. peripheral; elastic vs. transitional vs. muscular arteries). Methods A total of 3,619 subjects (3–90 years of age) were studied. Extensive cardiovascular evaluations were performed. Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) and physical activity (PA) levels were determined. The subjects were categorized as compliant (n = 1, 969) or non-compliant (n = 1,650) with World Health Organization-related PA recommendations. Correlation and multiple regression models (including CPAR*Age interaction) were obtained, and Johnson-Neyman technique was used to produce regions of significance. Results The independent association between CPARs and cardiovascular characteristics were strongly moderated by age. The moderation was observed on a wide range of age but particularly notorious on the extremes of life. Certain arterial characteristics demonstrated opposite effects in relation to CPAR status depending on the range of age considered. The association between CPAR and cardiovascular characteristics was independent of CRFs and moderated by age. In subjects younger than 45–55 years, CPAR status was associated with lower central and peripheral blood pressure (i.e., the younger the subject, the higher the reduction). During adult life, as age increases in the subjects, CPARs was associated with a beneficial hemodynamic profile, which is not related with variations in pressure but strongly related with lower levels of waveform-derived indexes and ventricular afterload determinants. Conclusions The independent associations between CPARs and arterial properties were strongly moderated by age. Data provided by blood pressure levels and waveform-derived indexes would be enough to evaluate the independent association between CPARs and the vascular system in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Zócalo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- CUiiDARTE - Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Yanina Zócalo
| | - Mariana Gómez-García
- CUiiDARTE - Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Educación Física y Salud, Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Torrado
- CUiiDARTE - Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Bia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- CUiiDARTE - Movimiento, Actividad, Salud (CUiiDARTE-MAS), Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Pereira MM, Torrado J, Sosa C, Diaz A, Bia D, Zócalo Y. Center-To-Periphery Arterial Stiffness Gradient Is Attenuated and/or Reversed in Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:766723. [PMID: 35004884 PMCID: PMC8739768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.766723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-pregnant (NP) women have a progressive increase in arterial stiffness from central-to-peripheral arteries [“stiffness gradient” (SG)], which is of physiologic importance since excessive pulsatility is filtered by the creation of wave reflections. If the aorta gets stiff with minimal or no change in the periphery, the SG is dissipated transmitting pressure disturbances to the microcirculation. It remains unknown the status of the SG in both women with healthy pregnancies (HP) and complicated by pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH). Objective: To determine whether HP and PAH are associated with changes in SG. Secondarily, we aim at identifying potential differences between the subgroups of PAH (pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension). Methods: HP (n = 10), PAH (n = 16), and healthy NP women (n = 401, to be matched for age, and cardiovascular risk with the pregnant women) were included. Carotid-to-femoral (cfPWV) and carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), common carotid artery (CCA) and brachial artery (BA) diameters and elastic modulus (EM), and regional (cfPWV/crPWV or “PWV ratio”) and local (CCA EM/BA EM or “EM ratio”) SG were quantified. Results: HP showed no changes in PWV ratio compared with NP, in the presence of significantly lower cfPWV and crPWV. HP exhibited higher arterial diameters and lower CCA EM/BA EM compared to NP, without differences with PAH. PAH was associated with a significant increase in the PWV ratio that exceeded the levels of both NP and HP, explained by a lower (although significant) reduction of cfPWV with respect to that observed in HP with respect to NP, and a higher reduction in crPWV with respect to that observed between HP and NP. The blunted reduction in cfPWV observed in PAH coincided with an increase in the CCA EM. Conclusions: Compared with NP, HP was associated with unchanged PWV ratio but with a reduction in CCA EM/BA EM, in the setting of a generalized drop in arterial stiffness. Compared with NP and HP, PAH was associated with an “exaggerated rise” in the PWV ratio without changes in CCA EM/BA EM, in the setting of a blunt reduction in cfPWV but exaggerated crPWV drop. The SG attenuation/reversal in PAH was mainly driven by pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Pereira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BronxCare Hospital Center a Clinical Affiliate of Mt Sinai Health Systems and Academic Affiliate of Icahn School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Juan Torrado
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Claudio Sosa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology "C", Pereira-Rossell Hospital, School of Medicine, Republic University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Diaz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Daniel Bia
- Department of Physiology, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), School of Medicine, Republic University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Yanina Zócalo
- Department of Physiology, Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial (CUiiDARTE), School of Medicine, Republic University, Montevideo, Uruguay
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