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Ajeet Gokani H, Sommerlad A, Jawharieh H, Ang CS, Huntley J. Carers and professionals' views on using virtual reality in dementia care: A qualitative study. DEMENTIA 2024:14713012241272786. [PMID: 39121239 DOI: 10.1177/14713012241272786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Virtual reality (VR) interventions provide immersive, interactive computer-simulated virtual environments. There is interest in their use for people with dementia as they may provide stimulating experiences and improve dementia symptoms and quality of life. However, as more insight is needed about carers' and clinical professionals' perspectives to understand how VR may be implemented successfully, we elicited their views on the benefits of, and challenges to, using VR in dementia care. METHODS We conducted five qualitative focus groups involving 25 healthcare professionals and informal carers with experience of dementia care. Participants received a demonstration of a VR headset and content and were then questioned following a topic guide asking for views on benefits of, and challenges to, using VR for dementia care. FINDINGS The main findings addressed the benefits of, and concerns about, the impact and implications of VR on wellbeing, ethics, implementation, caregivers and services. Overall, participants had a positive attitude toward VR and made several suggestions for its future use to enable enjoyable and immersive experiences. Examples included suggestions to personalise VR content to accommodate heterogenous profiles and stages of dementia, co-developing protocols to address health risks and side effects and further investigating shared experiences of VR with caregivers. CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals and informal carers thought that VR had potential to enhance a holistic and personalised approach to dementia care. They suggested changes which could guide future implementation of VR interventions for dementia patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Huntley
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, UK; Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, UK and Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
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2
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Sokołowska B. Being in Virtual Reality and Its Influence on Brain Health-An Overview of Benefits, Limitations and Prospects. Brain Sci 2024; 14:72. [PMID: 38248287 PMCID: PMC10813118 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic technological development and its enormous impact on modern societies are posing new challenges for 21st-century neuroscience. A special place is occupied by technologies based on virtual reality (VR). VR tools have already played a significant role in both basic and clinical neuroscience due to their high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and, above all, high ecological value. OBJECTIVE Being in a digital world affects the functioning of the body as a whole and its individual systems. The data obtained so far, both from experimental and modeling studies, as well as (clinical) observations, indicate their great and promising potential, but apart from the benefits, there are also losses and negative consequences for users. METHODS This review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework across electronic databases (such as Web of Science Core Collection; PubMed; and Scopus, Taylor & Francis Online and Wiley Online Library) to identify beneficial effects and applications, as well as adverse impacts, especially on brain health in human neuroscience. RESULTS More than half of these articles were published within the last five years and represent state-of-the-art approaches and results (e.g., 54.7% in Web of Sciences and 63.4% in PubMed), with review papers accounting for approximately 16%. The results show that in addition to proposed novel devices and systems, various methods or procedures for testing, validation and standardization are presented (about 1% of articles). Also included are virtual developers and experts, (bio)(neuro)informatics specialists, neuroscientists and medical professionals. CONCLUSIONS VR environments allow for expanding the field of research on perception and cognitive and motor imagery, both in healthy and patient populations. In this context, research on neuroplasticity phenomena, including mirror neuron networks and the effects of applied virtual (mirror) tasks and training, is of interest in virtual prevention and neurogeriatrics, especially in neurotherapy and neurorehabilitation in basic/clinical and digital neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sokołowska
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Rudschies C, Schneider I. Ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of virtual agents and virtual reality in healthcare. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116483. [PMID: 38064822 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Virtual agents (VAs) and immersive virtual reality (VR) applications broaden the opportunities for accessing healthcare by transposing certain processes from the analogue world into a virtual realm. While these innovations offer a number of advantages including improved access for individuals in diverse geographic locations and novel therapeutic options, their implementation raises significant ethical, social, and legal implications. Key considerations pertain to the doctor-patient relationship, privacy and data protection, justice, fairness, and equal access as well as to issues of accountability, liability, and safety. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the existing literature to analyse the ethical, social, and legal ramifications of employing VAs and VR applications in healthcare. It examines the recommended strategies to mitigate potential adverse effects and addresses current research gaps in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Rudschies
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Informatics, Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30, 22527, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Schneider
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Informatics, Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30, 22527, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Aderinto N, Olatunji G, Abdulbasit MO, Edun M, Aboderin G, Egbunu E. Exploring the efficacy of virtual reality-based rehabilitation in stroke: a narrative review of current evidence. Ann Med 2023; 55:2285907. [PMID: 38010358 PMCID: PMC10836287 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2285907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke rehabilitation presents a complex challenge, necessitating innovative approaches to optimise functional recovery. Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation (VRBR) has emerged as a promising intervention that capitalises on immersive technology to engage stroke survivors in their recovery journey. This review aims to examine the efficacy of VRBR in stroke rehabilitation, focusing on its advantages and challenges. METHODS A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted to gather evidence on the efficacy of VRBR in stroke survivors. Studies that investigated the impact of VRBR on patient engagement, functional recovery, and overall rehabilitation outcomes were included. The review also assessed the ability of VRBR to simulate real-life scenarios and facilitate essential daily activities for stroke survivors. RESULTS The review highlights that VRBR offers a unique immersive experience that enhances patient engagement and motivation during rehabilitation. The immersive nature of VRBR fosters a sense of presence, which can positively impact treatment adherence and outcomes. Moreover, VRBR's capacity to replicate real-world scenarios provides stroke survivors with opportunities to practice vital daily activities, promoting functional independence. In contrast, conventional rehabilitation methods lack the same level of engagement and real-world simulation. CONCLUSION VRBR holds promise as an efficacious intervention in stroke rehabilitation. Its immersive nature enhances patient engagement and motivation, potentially leading to better treatment adherence and outcomes. The ability of VRBR to simulate real-life scenarios offers a unique platform. However, challenges such as cost, equipment, patient suitability, data privacy, and acceptance must be addressed for successful integration into stroke rehabilitation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Aderinto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan Olatunji
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Mariam Edun
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan Aboderin
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LadokeAkintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Egbunu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federal Medical Centre Bida, Niger, Nigeria
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5
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Yin B, Wang YX, Fei CY, Jiang K. Metaverse as a possible tool for reshaping schema modes in treating personality disorders. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1010971. [PMID: 36300056 PMCID: PMC9588976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders (PD) are usually treated with face-to-face sessions and/or digital mental health services. Among many schools of therapies, schema therapy stands out because rather than simply targeting the symptoms of PD, it cordially targets the cause of PD and heals the early maladaptive schema, thus is exceptionally good at soothing emotional disturbances before enacting cognitive restructuring, resulting in long-term efficacy. However, according to Piaget’s genetic epistemology, the unmet needs lie in the fact that the schemata that determine the adaptive behavior can only be formed in the interaction with the real world that the patient is living in and reconsolidated by the feedback from the object world upon the patient’s newly-formed behavior. Therefore, in order to reshape the patient’s schema modes to support adaptive behavior and regain emotional regulation capabilities of the healthy adult, one may have to reconstruct the object world surrounding the patient. Metaverse, the bestowed successor to the Internet with the cardinal feature of “the sense of full presence,” can become a powerful tool to reconstruct a new object world for the patient with the prescription of a psychotherapist, so as to transform the treatment techniques in schema therapy into the natural autobiographical experiences of patients in the new object world, thus gradually reshape the patient’s schema modes that can ultimately result in an adaptive, and more inclusive, interaction with the real world. This work describes the underlying theory, the mechanism, the process, and ethical considerations of such promising technology for the not-too-far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Yin,
| | - Ya-Xin Wang
- Laboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Fei
- Laboratory for Learning and Behavioral Sciences, School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ke Jiang,
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6
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Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. The Use of Virtual Reality Technology in the Treatment of Psychopathological Disorders. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185358. [PMID: 36143005 PMCID: PMC9501337 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Paseo Valle de Hebrón, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Sacco‐Bene C, Walsh MJ, Dawson RD, Petrino J, Boening E. Virtual enhanced education in counselor education: Is this for real? COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceas.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Walsh
- School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
| | - Robert D. Dawson
- School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
| | - Janet Petrino
- School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
| | - Emily Boening
- School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina USA
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Li N, Sun N, Cao C, Hou S, Gong Y. Review on visualization technology in simulation training system for major natural disasters. NATURAL HAZARDS (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 112:1851-1882. [PMID: 35308193 PMCID: PMC8923969 DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Major natural disasters have occurred frequently in the last few years, resulting in increased loss of life and economic damage. Most emergency responders do not have first-hand experience with major natural disasters, and thus, there is an urgent need for pre-disaster training. Due to the scenes unreality of traditional emergency drills, the failure to appeal to the target audience and the novel coronavirus pandemic, people are forced to maintain safe social distancing. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out transregional or transnational emergency drills in many countries under the lockdown. There is an increasing demand for simulation training systems that use virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality visualization technologies to simulate major natural disasters. The simulation training system related to natural disasters provides a new way for popular emergency avoidance science education and emergency rescue personnel to master work responsibilities and improve emergency response capabilities. However, to our knowledge, there is no overview of the simulation training system for major natural disasters. Hence, this paper uncovers the visualization techniques commonly used in simulation training systems, and compares, analyses and summarizes the architecture and functions of the existing simulation training systems for different emergency phases of common natural disasters. In addition, the limitations of the existing simulation training system in practical applications and future development directions are discussed to provide reference for relevant researchers to better understand the modern simulation training system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Na Sun
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Chunxia Cao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, 300072 China
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9
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Ong T, Wilczewski H, Soni H, Nisbet Q, Paige SR, Barrera JF, Welch BM, Bunnell BE. The Symbiosis of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Telemental Health: A Review. FRONTIERS IN VIRTUAL REALITY 2022; 3:848066. [PMID: 37483657 PMCID: PMC10361704 DOI: 10.3389/frvir.2022.848066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phobias and related anxiety are common and costly mental health disorders. Experts anticipate the prevalence of phobias will increase due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure therapies have been established as effective and reliable treatments for anxiety, including recent innovations in virtual reality-based exposure therapy (VRET). With the recent advent of telemental health (TMH), VRET is poised to become mainstream. The combination of VRET and TMH has the potential to extend provider treatment options and improve patient care experiences. In this narrative review, we describe how recent events have accelerated VRET + TMH, identify barriers to VRET + TMH implementation, and discuss strategies to navigate those barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triton Ong
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Hiral Soni
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Quinn Nisbet
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Janelle F. Barrera
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Public Health and Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brandon M. Welch
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
- Innovation in Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian E. Bunnell
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc., Rochester, NY, United States
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Public Health and Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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10
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XR (Extended Reality: Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality) Technology in Spine Medicine: Status Quo and Quo Vadis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020470. [PMID: 35054164 PMCID: PMC8779726 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid advancement and consumerization of virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality (XR) technology, the use of XR technology in spine medicine has also become increasingly popular. The rising use of XR technology in spine medicine has also been accelerated by the recent wave of digital transformation (i.e., case-specific three-dimensional medical images and holograms, wearable sensors, video cameras, fifth generation, artificial intelligence, and head-mounted displays), and further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in minimally invasive spine surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on society, but positive impacts can also be expected, including the continued spread and adoption of telemedicine services (i.e., tele-education, tele-surgery, tele-rehabilitation) that promote digital transformation. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the accelerators of XR (VR, AR, MR) technology in spine medicine and then to provide a comprehensive review of the use of XR technology in spine medicine, including surgery, consultation, education, and rehabilitation, as well as to identify its limitations and future perspectives (status quo and quo vadis).
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11
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Shen YI, Nelson AJ, Oberlin BG. Virtual reality intervention effects on future self-continuity and delayed reward preference in substance use disorder recovery: pilot study results. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 36128578 PMCID: PMC9477176 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustained remission from substance use disorder (SUD) is challenged by high relapse rates, which provides opportunities for novel clinical interventions. Immersive virtual reality (VR) permits delivering synthetic experiences that feel real and actualizes otherwise impossible scenarios for therapeutic benefit. We report on the feasibility of an immersive VR intervention designed to increase valuation of the future by enhancing future self-continuity and leveraging future self-discrepancy with personalized future selves as SUD recovery support. Twenty-one adults in early SUD recovery (< 1 year) interacted with versions of themselves age-progressed fifteen years from two different behavioral trajectories: an SUD Future Self and a Recovery Future Self. The future selves' interactive monologs include personalized details and voice for a lifelike interaction within a time travel vignette. Before and following the intervention, participants rated future self-continuity and performed delay discounting. Following the intervention, daily images of the Recovery Future Self were sent to participants' smartphones for thirty days. The VR intervention generated no adverse events, was well tolerated (presence, liking, and comfort), and significantly increased future self-continuity and delayed reward preference (doubling delay tolerance). The intervention also reduced craving, ps < 0.05. Thirty days later, n = 18 remained abstinent; importantly, increased future self-similarity persisted. Abstainers' future self-similarity increased following VR. All individual participants showing increased future self-similarity post-VR remained abstinent, and all participants who relapsed showed either reduced or zero effect on future self-similarity. Post-intervention semi-structured interviews revealed emotional engagement with the experience. VR simulation of imagined realities reifies novel clinical interventions that are practicable and personalized. The current study demonstrates an implementation readily applied in the clinic and shows promise for facilitating SUD recovery. Creative collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and VR developers has great potential to revolutionize mental health interventions and expand the range of tools for clinicians targeting SUD and other disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong I. Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. Ste 4800, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Brandon G. Oberlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W 16th St. Ste 4800, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN USA ,Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA ,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN USA
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12
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Is Virtual Reality Cue Exposure a Promising Adjunctive Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132972. [PMID: 34279455 PMCID: PMC8268737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review presents recent developments in virtual reality (VR)-based interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The latest advances in mental healthcare hail an imminent cyber revolution, ushering in novel treatment options, with immersive virtual technology at the very forefront of expected change. With an aim to (a) provide a background on VR use in mental healthcare of AUD patients, (b) summarize existing evidence on conventional approaches to the treatment of AUDs and a trending paradigm shift towards VR applications in their management, and (c) describe key issues and future directions in research on craving assessment and VR cue-induced therapy in AUDs, a search for experimental and meta-analytic evidence was performed in six databases: PubMed and EBSCO (Medline, ERIC, PsychINFO, Academic Search Ultimate, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition). Pooled results were screened for eligibility, and relevant papers were selected for inclusion. The analysis revealed VR’s promising effects in the treatment of AUDs. Its remarkable potential to simulate cues underlying subsequent addictive behaviors makes its application in the assessment and treatment of AUDs an attractive alternative to researchers and clinicians alike. Nevertheless, more evidence is needed before virtual reality cue exposure therapy (VR-CET) can become a clinical standard of care.
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Tyburski E, Mak M, Sokołowski A, Starkowska A, Karabanowicz E, Kerestey M, Lebiecka Z, Preś J, Sagan L, Samochowiec J, Jansari AS. Executive Dysfunctions in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review of Traditional, Ecological, and Virtual Reality Assessments. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132782. [PMID: 34202881 PMCID: PMC8267962 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest has grown in measuring executive function in schizophrenia with ecological and virtual reality (VR) tools. However, there is a lack of critical analysis comparing those tools with traditional ones. This paper aims to characterize executive dysfunction in schizophrenia by comparing ecological and virtual reality assessments with traditional tools, and to describe the neurobiological and psychopathological correlates. The analysis revealed that ecological and VR tests have higher levels of verisimilitude and similar levels of veridicality compared to traditional tools. Both negative symptoms and disorganization correlate significantly with executive dysfunction as measured by traditional tools, but their relationships with measures based on ecological and VR methods are still unclear. Although there is much research on brain correlates of executive impairments in schizophrenia with traditional tools, it is uncertain if these results will be confirmed with the use of ecological and VR tools. In the diagnosis of executive dysfunction, it is important to use a variety of neuropsychological methods—especially those with confirmed ecological validity—to properly recognize the underlying characteristics of the observed deficits and to implement effective forms of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Tyburski
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 61-719 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-271-12-22
| | - Monika Mak
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Andrzej Sokołowski
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Anna Starkowska
- Faculty of Psychology in Wrocław, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 53-238 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Karabanowicz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Kerestey
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Zofia Lebiecka
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanna Preś
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Leszek Sagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ashok S. Jansari
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK;
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