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Godoi MM, Reis EM, Koepp J, Ferreira J. Perspective from developers: Tissue-engineered products for skin wound healing. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124319. [PMID: 38866084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered products (TEPs) are at the forefront of developmental medicines, precisely where monoclonal antibodies and recombinant cytokines were 30 years ago. TEPs development for treating skin wounds has become a fast-growing field as it offers the potential to find novel therapeutic approaches for treating pathologies that currently have limited or no effective alternatives. This review aims to provide the reader with the process of translating an idea from the laboratory bench to clinical practice, specifically in the context of TEPs designing for skin wound healing. It encompasses historical perspectives, approved therapies, and offers a distinctive insight into the regulatory framework in Brazil. We explore the essential guidelines for quality testing, and nonclinical proof-of-concept considering the Brazilian Network of Experts in Advanced Therapies (RENETA) and International Standards and Guidelines (ICH e ISO). Adopting a multifaceted approach, our discussion incorporates scientific and industrial perspectives, addressing quality, biosafety, non-clinical viability, clinical trial and real-word data for pharmacovigilance demands. This comprehensive analysis presents a panoramic view of the development of skin TEPs, offering insights into the evolving landscape of this dynamic and promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Machado Godoi
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina- UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Emily Marques Reis
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina- UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Biocelltis Biotecnologia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Janice Koepp
- Biocelltis Biotecnologia, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina- UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Hultman CS, Adams UC, Rogers CD, Pillai M, Brown ST, McGroarty CA, McMoon M, Uberti MG. Benefits of Aerosolized, Point-of-care, Autologous Skin Cell Suspension (ASCS) for the Closure of full Thickness Wounds from Thermal and Non-Thermal Causes: Learning Curves from the first 50 Consecutive cases at an Urban, Level 1 Trauma Center. Ann Surg 2024; 280:00000658-990000000-00933. [PMID: 38869250 PMCID: PMC11315402 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of Autologous Skin Cell Suspension (ASCS) in closing full-thickness (FT) defects from injury and infection. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Although ASCS has documented success in closing partial-thickness burns, far less is known about the efficacy of ASCS in FT defects. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with FT defects (burn 17, necrotizing infection 13, crush 7, degloving 5, other 8) underwent closure with the bilayer technique of 3:1 widely-meshed, thin, split-thickness skin graft and 80:1 expanded ASCS. End points were limb salvage rate, donor site reduction, operative and hospital throughput, incidence of complications, and re-epithelialization by 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Definitive wound closure was achieved in 76%, 94%, and 98% of patients, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively. Limb salvage occurred in 42/43 patients (10 upper, 33 lower extremities). Mean area grafted was 435 cm2; donor site size was 212 cm2, representing a potential reduction of 50%. Mean surgical time was 71 minutes; total OR time was 124 minutes. Mean length-of-stay was 26.4 days; time from grafting to discharge was 11.2 days. 4/50 patients (8%) required 6 reoperations for bleeding (1), breakdown (4), and amputation (1). 4/50 patients (8%) developed hypertrophic scarring, which responded to silicone sheeting (2) and laser resurfacing (2). Mean follow-up was 92.7 days. CONCLUSION When used for closure of FT wounds, point-of-care ASCS is effective and safe. Benefits include rapid re-epithelialization, high rate of limb salvage, reduction of donor site size and morbidity, and low incidence of hypertrophic scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Scott Hultman
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC
| | - Ursula C. Adams
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Corianne D. Rogers
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC
| | - Minakshi Pillai
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Samantha T. Brown
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC
| | - Carrie Ann McGroarty
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC
| | - Michelle McMoon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC
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Peake M, Dunnill C, Ibraheem K, Smith A, Clarke DJ, Georgopoulos NT. A novel method for the establishment of autologous skin cell suspensions: characterisation of cellular sub-populations, epidermal stem cell content and wound response-enhancing biological properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1386896. [PMID: 38646012 PMCID: PMC11026634 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1386896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Autologous cell suspension (ACS)-based therapy represents a highly promising approach for burns and chronic wounds. However, existing technologies have not achieved the desired clinical success due to several limitations. To overcome practical and cost-associated obstacles of existing ACS methods, we have established a novel methodology for rapid, enzymatic disaggregation of human skin cells and their isolation using a procedure that requires no specialist laboratory instrumentation and is performed at room temperature. Methods: Cells were isolated using enzymatic disaggregation of split-thickness human skin followed by several filtration steps for isolation of cell populations, and cell viability was determined. Individual population recovery was confirmed in appropriate culture medium types, and the presence of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) within keratinocyte sub-populations was defined by flow cytometry via detection of CD49 and CD71. Positive mediators of wound healing secreted by ACS-derived cultures established on a collagen-based wound-bed mimic were detected by proteome arrays and quantified by ELISA, and the role of such mediators was determined by cell proliferation assays. The effect of ACS-derived conditioned-medium on myofibroblasts was investigated using an in-vitro model of myofibroblast differentiation via detection of α-SMA using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Our methodology permitted efficient recovery of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes, which remained viable upon long-term culture. ACS-derivatives comprised sub-populations with the CD49-high/CD71-low expression profile known to demarcate EpSCs. Via secretion of mitogenic factors and wound healing-enhancing mediators, the ACS secretome accelerated keratinocyte proliferation and markedly curtailed cytodifferentiation of myofibroblasts, the latter being key mediators of fibrosis and scarring. Discussion: The systematic characterisation of the cell types within our ACS isolates provided evidence for their superior cell viability and the presence of EpSCs that are critical drivers of wound healing. We defined the biological properties of ACS-derived keratinocytes, which include ability to secrete positive mediators of wound healing as well as suppression of myofibroblast cytodifferentiation. Thus, our study provides several lines of evidence that the established ACS isolates comprise highly-viable cell populations which can physically support wound healing and possess biological properties that have the potential to enhance not only the speed but also the quality of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peake
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Dunnill
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Khalidah Ibraheem
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Smith
- Department of General Surgery, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas J. Clarke
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos T. Georgopoulos
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Industry and Innovation Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Dhar S, Chrisman T, Simman R. Clinical Indications of Cultured Epithelial Autografts. Ann Plast Surg 2023; 91:433-440. [PMID: 37157145 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) have been used for decades as a treatment for massive burn injuries. Cultured epithelial autografts allow for wounds to heal by taking a small sample and growing a patient's own epithelium in culture to create large, graftable sheets. This technique is especially useful in large wounds where donor sites are limited compared with conventional skin grafting. However, CEAs have a variety of uses in wound healing and reconstruction and have the potential to aid in the closure of several types of defects. Cultured epithelial autografts have shown applicability in large burns, chronic nonhealing wounds, ulcerating wounds of various etiologies, congenital defects, wounds requiring specialized epithelium to replace like by like, and wounds in critically ill patients. Several factors must be considered when using CEAs, such as time, cost, and outcomes. In this article, we detail the various clinical applications of CEAs and how they can be situationally advantageous outside of their original purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Dhar
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Science
| | - Timothy Chrisman
- From the Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Science
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Jin Y, Li S, Yu Q, Chen T, Liu D. Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e291. [PMID: 37337579 PMCID: PMC10276889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a complex process affected by many elements independent or combined, including inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Stem cells is a class of primitive cells with the potentiality of differentiation, regenerate with self-replication, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions. Stem cells and their cytokines not only inextricably linked to the regeneration of ectodermal and skin tissues, but also can be used for the treatment of a variety of chronic wounds. Stem cells can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Stem cell exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration, repair, and accelerated wound healing, the biological properties of which are similar with stem cells, while stem cell exosomes are safer and more effective. Skin and bone tissues are critical organs in the body, which are essential for sustaining life activities. The weak repairing ability leads a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients, which could be alleviated by stem cell exosomes treatment. However, there are obstacles that stem cells and stem cells exosomes trough skin for improved bioavailability. This paper summarizes the applications and mechanisms of stem cells and stem cells exosomes for skin and bone healing. We also propose new ways of utilizing stem cells and their exosomes through different nanoformulations, liposomes and nanoliposomes, polymer micelles, microspheres, hydrogels, and scaffold microneedles, to improve their use in tissue healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Shuangyang Li
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Qixuan Yu
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Tianli Chen
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Da Liu
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
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Kiwanuka H, Wang AT, Orgill DP. Advances in Translational Regenerative Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082838. [PMID: 37109176 PMCID: PMC10141463 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to replace damaged cells and tissues following injury [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Kiwanuka
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nakano T, Sakamoto M, Katayama Y, Shimizu Y, Inoie M, Li Y, Yamanaka H, Tsuge I, Saito S, Morimoto N. Dried human-cultured epidermis accelerates wound healing in a porcine partial-thickness skin defect model. Regen Ther 2023; 22:203-209. [PMID: 36891354 PMCID: PMC9986622 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autologous cultured epidermis (CE) is an effective approach for overcoming the deficiency of donor sites to treat extensive burns. However, the production of autologous CE takes 3-4 weeks, which prevents its use during the life-threatening period of severe burns. In contrast, allogeneic CE can be prepared in advance and used as a wound dressing, releasing several growth factors stimulating the activity of recipient cells at the application site. Dried CE is prepared by drying CEs under controlled temperature and humidity conditions until all the water is completely removed and no viable cells are present. Dried CE accelerates wound healing in a murine skin defect model and is potentially a new therapeutic strategy. However, the dried CE safety and efficacy have not yet been studied in large animal models. Therefore, we studied the safety and efficacy of human-dried CE in wound healing using a miniature swine model. Methods Human CE was manufactured using Green's method from donor keratinocytes. Three types of CEs (Fresh, Cryopreserved, and Dried) were prepared, and the ability of each CE to promote keratinocyte proliferation was confirmed in vitro. Extracts of the three CEs were added to keratinocytes seeded in 12-well plates, and cell proliferation was evaluated using the WST-8 assay for 7 days. Next, we prepared a partial-thickness skin defect on the back of a miniature swine and applied three types of human CE to evaluate wound healing promotion. On days 4 and 7, the specimens were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin, AZAN, and anti-CD31 staining to assess epithelialization, granulation tissue, and capillary formation. Results The conditioned medium containing dried CE extract significantly enhanced keratinocyte proliferation compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In vivo experiments revealed that human-dried CE significantly accelerated epithelialization at day 7 to the same extent as fresh CE, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The three CE groups similarly affected granulation formation and neovascularization. Conclusions Dried CE accelerated epithelialization in a porcine partial-thickness skin defect model, suggesting that it may be an effective burn treatment alternative. A clinical study with a long-term follow-up is needed to assess the applicability of CEs in clinics.
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Key Words
- AZAN, azocarmine, and aniline blue
- Acute wounds
- Allogeneic cultured epidermis
- Burn treatment
- CE, cultured epidermis
- Dried cultured epidermis
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- HKGS, human keratinocyte growth supplement
- NSS, normal saline solution
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Regenerative medicine
- WST-8, water-soluble tetrazolium salt
- allo-CE, allogeneic CE
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiharu Sakamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katayama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuanjiaozi Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Tsuge
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Patient-specific 3D bioprinting for in situ tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Hosseini M, Dalley AJ, Shafiee A. Convergence of Biofabrication Technologies and Cell Therapies for Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122749. [PMID: 36559242 PMCID: PMC9785239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapy holds great promise for cutaneous wound treatment but presents practical and clinical challenges, mainly related to the lack of a supportive and inductive microenvironment for cells after transplantation. Main: This review delineates the challenges and opportunities in cell therapies for acute and chronic wounds and highlights the contribution of biofabricated matrices to skin reconstruction. The complexity of the wound healing process necessitates the development of matrices with properties comparable to the extracellular matrix in the skin for their structure and composition. Over recent years, emerging biofabrication technologies have shown a capacity for creating complex matrices. In cell therapy, multifunctional material-based matrices have benefits in enhancing cell retention and survival, reducing healing time, and preventing infection and cell transplant rejection. Additionally, they can improve the efficacy of cell therapy, owing to their potential to modulate cell behaviors and regulate spatiotemporal patterns of wound healing. CONCLUSION The ongoing development of biofabrication technologies promises to deliver material-based matrices that are rich in supportive, phenotype patterning cell niches and are robust enough to provide physical protection for the cells during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Dalley
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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Palackic A, Duggan RP, Campbell MS, Walters E, Branski LK, Ayadi AE, Wolf SE. The Role of Skin Substitutes in Acute Burn and Reconstructive Burn Surgery: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Semin Plast Surg 2022; 36:33-42. [PMID: 35706557 PMCID: PMC9192152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBurns disrupt the protective skin barrier with consequent loss of cutaneous temperature regulation, infection prevention, evaporative losses, and other vital functions. Chronically, burns lead to scarring, contractures, pain, and impaired psychosocial well-being. Several skin substitutes are available and replace the skin and partially restore functional outcomes and improve cosmesis. We performed a literature review to update readers on biologic and synthetic skin substitutes to date applied in acute and reconstructive burn surgery. Improvement has been rapid in the development of skin substitutes in the last decade; however, no available skin substitute fulfills criteria as a perfect replacement for damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Palackic
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn and Trauma Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert P. Duggan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn and Trauma Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Elliot Walters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn and Trauma Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ludwik K. Branski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn and Trauma Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Amina El Ayadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn and Trauma Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven E. Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Division of Burn and Trauma Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Domaszewska-Szostek A, Gewartowska M, Stanczyk M, Narowska B, Moscicka-Wesołowska M, Olszewski WL. An Anhydrous Sodium Chloride Skin Preservation Model for Studies on Keratinocytes Grafting into the Wounds. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122078. [PMID: 34959359 PMCID: PMC8705222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Human skin is needed for covering large body areas lost by trauma. The shortcomings of contemporary methods of skin storage are limited preservation time and high immunogenicity if allogeneic. Methods. We investigated whether long-lasting skin preservation in anhydrous sodium chloride (NaCl) may be the source of keratinocytes (KCs) for transplantation. Dehydrated skin fragments were preserved for a time frame from 1 week to 12 months. Then, skin fragments were rehydrated, and KCs were isolated. The viability of KCs was assessed in viability/cytotoxicity test. NaCl-preserved KCs were cultured for 7 days and transplanted to the dorsum of SCID mice. Results. The morphology of NaCl-preserved KCs was unaltered. KCs from all epidermal layers could be identified. All grafts were accepted by the recipients. Transplanted KCs: synthesized keratins 10 and 16 expressed antigens specific for stem cells and transient-amplifying cells, and remained HLA-I-positive. Moreover, they expressed the proliferative marker PCNA. Cells isolated from transplants remained viable and produced enzymes. Conclusions. Transplantation of KCs obtained from human skin and stored in anhydrous NaCl may be considered for the closure of extensive skin wounds. The originality of this method consists of an effective storage procedure and easy preparation of keratinocytes for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domaszewska-Szostek
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Stanczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Beata Narowska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Moscicka-Wesołowska
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-W.); (W.L.O.)
| | - Waldemar Lech Olszewski
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.-W.); (W.L.O.)
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