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Yang Y, Ren C, Xu X, Yang X, Shao W. Decoding the connection between SLE and DNA Sensors: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112446. [PMID: 38878488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is recognized as a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by a multifaceted pathogenesis potentially influenced by a combination of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and hormonal regulation. The continuous study of immune system activation is especially intriguing. Analysis of blood samples from individuals with SLE reveals an abnormal increase in interferon levels, along with the existence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. This evidence suggests that the development of SLE may be initiated by innate immunity. The presence of abnormal dsDNA fragments can activate DNA sensors within cells, particularly immune cells, leading to the initiation of downstream signaling cascades that result in the upregulation of relevant cytokines and the subsequent initiation of adaptive immune responses, such as B cell differentiation and T cell activation. The intricate pathogenesis of SLE results in DNA sensors exhibiting a wide range of functions in innate immune responses that are subject to variation based on cell types, developmental processes, downstream effector signaling pathways and other factors. The review aims to reorganize how DNA sensors influence signaling pathways and contribute to the development of SLE according to current studies, with the aspiration of furnishing valuable insights for future investigations into the pathological mechanisms of SLE and potential treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changhuai Ren
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwei Shao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Xiao X, Guo M. PANoptosis Features, a Humanized NSG Murine Model of Sjogren's Syndrome. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:207-218. [PMID: 38635961 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease. This study aims to elucidate a humanized NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rgem1/Smoc (NSG) murine model to better clarify the pathogenesis of SS. NSG female mice were adoptively transferred with 10 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through the tail vein from healthy controls (HCs), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients on D0. The mice were subcutaneously injected with C57/B6j submandibular gland (SG) protein or phosphate-buffered saline on D3, D17 and D31, respectively. NSG mice were successfully transplanted with human PBMCs. Compared with NSG-HC group, NSG-pSS and NSG-SLE mice exhibited a large number of lymphocytes infiltration in the SG, decreased salivary flow rate, lung involvement, decreased expression of genes related to salivary secretion, and the production of autoantibodies. Type I interferon-related genes were increased in the SG of NSG-pSS and NSG-SLE mice. The ratio of BAX/BCL2, BAX, cleaved caspase3, and TUNEL staining were increased in the SG of NSG-pSS and NSG-SLE mice. The expressions of p-MLKL and p-RIPK3 were increased in the SG of NSG-pSS and NSG-SLE mice. Increased expression of type I interferon-related genes, PANoptosis (apoptosis and necroptosis) were identified in the SG of this typical humanized NSG murine model of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Muyao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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Payet CA, You A, Fayet OM, Hemery E, Truffault F, Bondet V, Duffy D, Michel F, Fadel E, Guihaire J, Demeret S, Berrih-Aknin S, Le Panse R. Central Role of Macrophages and Nucleic Acid Release in Myasthenia Gravis Thymus. Ann Neurol 2022; 93:643-654. [PMID: 36571580 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The thymus plays a primary role in AChR-MG and is characterized by a type I interferon (IFN) signature linked to IFN-β. We investigated if AChR-MG was characterized by an IFN-I signature in the blood, and further investigated the chronic thymic IFN-I signature. METHODS Serum levels of IFN-β and IFN-α subtypes, and mRNA expression for IFN-I subtypes and IFN-stimulated genes in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) were analyzed. The contribution of endogenous nucleic acids in thymic expression of IFN-I subtypes was investigated in human thymic epithelial cell cultures and the mouse thymus. By immunohistochemistry, thymic CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages were analyzed in AChR-MG. To investigate the impact of a decrease in thymic macrophages, mice were treated with an anti-CSF1R antibody. RESULTS No IFN-I signature was observed in the periphery emphasizing that the IFN-I signature is restricted to the MG thymus. Molecules mimicking endogenous dsDNA signalization (Poly(dA:dT) and 2'3'-cGAMP), or dexamethasone-induced necrotic thymocytes increased IFN-β and α-AChR expression by thymic epithelial cells, and in the mouse thymus. A significant decrease in thymic macrophages was demonstrated in AChR-MG. In mice, a decrease in thymic macrophages led to an increase of necrotic thymocytes associated with IFN-β and α-AChR expression. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that the decrease of thymic macrophages in AChR-MG impairs the elimination of apoptotic thymocytes favoring the release of endogenous nucleic acids from necrotic thymocytes. In this inflammatory context, thymic epithelial cells may overexpress IFN-β, which specifically induces α-AChR, resulting in self-sensitization and thymic changes leading to AChR-MG. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé A Payet
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
| | - Axel You
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
| | - Odessa-Maud Fayet
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Hemery
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
| | - Frederique Truffault
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Michel
- Cytokine signaling unit, INSERM U1224, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Julien Guihaire
- Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sophie Demeret
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS, Paris, France
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Yoon J, Lee M, Ali AA, Oh YR, Choi YS, Kim S, Lee N, Jang SG, Park S, Chung JH, Kwok SK, Hyon JY, Cha S, Lee YJ, Im SG, Kim Y. Mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs as a pivotal mediator in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren's syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:257-269. [PMID: 36284513 PMCID: PMC9576540 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that targets the exocrine glands, resulting in impaired saliva and tear secretion. To date, type I interferons (I-IFNs) are increasingly recognized as pivotal mediators in SS, but their endogenous drivers have not been elucidated. Here, we investigate the role of mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) in regulating I-IFNs and other glandular phenotypes of SS. We find that mt-dsRNAs are elevated in the saliva and tears of SS patients (n = 73 for saliva and n = 16 for tears) and in salivary glands of non-obese diabetic mice with salivary dysfunction. Using the in-house-developed 3D culture of immortalized human salivary gland cells, we show that stimulation by exogenous dsRNAs increase mt-dsRNAs, activate the innate immune system, trigger I-IFNs, and promote glandular phenotypes. These responses are mediated via the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Indeed, a small chemical inhibitor of JAK1 attenuates mtRNA elevation and immune activation. We further show that muscarinic receptor ligand acetylcholine ameliorates autoimmune characteristics by preventing mt-dsRNA-mediated immune activation. Last, direct suppression of mt-dsRNAs reverses the glandular phenotypes of SS. Altogether, our study underscores the significance of mt-dsRNA upregulation in the pathogenesis of SS and suggests mt-dsRNAs as propagators of a pseudo-viral signal in the SS target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Rim Oh
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gwang Jang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Corresponding author Seunghee Cha, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Yun Jong Lee: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Sung Gap Im, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author Yoosik Kim, KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Alexopoulou L. Nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors: Important players in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980400. [PMID: 36389822 PMCID: PMC9659959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, as well as other organ systems like the lungs, kidneys and nervous system. SS can occur alone or in combination with another autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis. The etiology of SS is unknown but recent studies have revealed the implication of the activation of innate immune receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mainly through the detection of endogenous nucleic acids, in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Studies on SS mouse models suggest that TLRs and especially TLR7 that detects single-stranded RNA of microbial or endogenous origin can drive the development of SS and findings in SS patients corroborate those in mouse models. In this review, we will give an overview of the function and signaling of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, the interplay of TLR7 with TLR8 and TLR9 in the context of autoimmunity, summarize the evidence for the critical role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of SS and present a possible connection between SARS-CoV-2 and SS.
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Skarlis C, Raftopoulou S, Mavragani CP. Sjogren's Syndrome: Recent Updates. J Clin Med 2022; 11:399. [PMID: 35054094 PMCID: PMC8778847 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder affecting primarily perimenopausal women [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sylvia Raftopoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Clio P. Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (S.R.)
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Attikon, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Chalayer E, Gramont B, Zekre F, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Waeckel L, Grange L, Paul S, Chung AW, Killian M. Fc receptors gone wrong: A comprehensive review of their roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 21:103016. [PMID: 34915182 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have a complex and only partially known pathophysiology with various abnormalities involving all the components of the immune system. Among these components, antibodies, and especially autoantibodies are key elements contributing to autoimmunity. The interaction of antibody fragment crystallisable (Fc) and several distinct receptors, namely Fc receptors (FcRs), have gained much attention during the recent years, with possible major therapeutic perspectives for the future. The aim of this review is to comprehensively describe the known roles for FcRs (activating and inhibitory FcγRs, neonatal FcR [FcRn], FcαRI, FcεRs, Ro52/tripartite motif containing 21 [Ro52/TRIM21], FcδR, and the novel Fc receptor-like [FcRL] family) in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, namely rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, mixed connective tissue disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis, Behçet's disease, Kawasaki disease, IgG4-related disease, immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, antiphospholipid syndrome and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Chalayer
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Etienne, France; INSERM U1059-Sainbiose, dysfonction vasculaire et hémostase, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Baptiste Gramont
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Franck Zekre
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Pediatrics, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lucile Grange
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Immunology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amy W Chung
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.
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+3179G/A Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Polymorphism: A Novel Susceptibility Contributor in Anti-Ro/SSA Positive Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome: Potential Clinical and Pathogenetic Implications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173960. [PMID: 34501407 PMCID: PMC8432056 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway along with genetic variations of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) gene have been linked to the development of systemic autoimmunity, possibly through apoptosis induction. This study aims to investigate whether genetic variations of the IGF1R contribute to Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) pathogenesis and explores potential functional implications. Methods: DNA extracted from whole peripheral blood derived from 277 primary SS patients, complicated or not by lymphoma, and 337 Healthy controls (HC) was genotyped for the rs2229765 IGF1R polymorphism using the RFLP-PCR assay. Gene expression of IGF1R and IGF1 isoforms, caspases 1, 4, and 5, and inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, IL1β, IL18, IL33, IGFBP3, and IGFBP6 were quantitated by RT-PCR in total RNA extracted from minor salivary gland biopsies (MSGs) of 50 SS patients and 13 sicca controls (SCs). In addition, IGF1R immunohistochemical (IHC) expression was assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded MSG tissue sections derived from 10 SS patients and 5 SCs. Results: The prevalence of the A/A genotype of the rs2229765 IGF1R polymorphism was significantly higher in the anti-Ro/SSA positive SS population compared to healthy controls (24.8% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.001). Moreover, IGF1Rs at both mRNA and protein levels were reduced in SS-derived MSGs compared to SCs and were negatively associated with caspase 1 transcripts. The latter were positively correlated with NLRP3, ASC, and IL1β at the salivary gland tissue level. IGF1R expression in peripheral blood was negatively correlated with ESR and IgG serum levels and positively correlated with urine-specific gravity values. Conclusions: The rs2229765 IGF1R variant confers increased susceptibility for seropositive primary SS. Dampened IGF1R mRNA and protein expression in salivary gland tissues could be related to increased apoptosis and subsequently to the activation of inflammasome pathways.
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