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Einspieler C, Bos AF, Spittle AJ, Bertoncelli N, Burger M, Peyton C, Toldo M, Utsch F, Zhang D, Marschik PB. The General Movement Optimality Score-Revised (GMOS-R) with Socioeconomically Stratified Percentile Ranks. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2260. [PMID: 38673533 PMCID: PMC11050782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The general movement optimality score (GMOS) quantifies the details of general movements (GMs). We recently conducted psychometric analyses of the GMOS and developed a revised scoresheet. Consequently, the GMOS-Revised (GMOS-R) instrument necessitated validation using new percentile ranks. This study aimed to provide these percentile ranks for the GMOS-R and to investigate whether sex, preterm birth, or the infant's country of birth and residence affected the GMOS-R distribution. Methods: We applied the GMOS-R to an international sample of 1983 infants (32% female, 44% male, and 24% not disclosed), assessed in the extremely and very preterm period (10%), moderate (12%) and late (22%) preterm periods, at term (25%), and post-term age (31%). Data were grouped according to the World Bank's classification into lower- and upper-middle-income countries (LMICs and UMICs; 26%) or high-income countries (HICs; 74%), respectively. Results: We found that sex and preterm or term birth did not affect either GM classification or the GMOS-R, but the country of residence did. A lower median GMOS-R for infants with normal or poor-repertoire GMs from LMICs and UMICs compared with HICs suggests the use of specific percentile ranks for LMICs and UMICs vs. HICs. Conclusion: For clinical and scientific use, we provide a freely available GMOS-R scoring sheet, with percentile ranks reflecting socioeconomic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Einspieler
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience—iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arend F. Bos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia J. Spittle
- Department of Physiotherapy, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Natascia Bertoncelli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mothers, Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marlette Burger
- Physiotherapy Division, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Colleen Peyton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Moreno Toldo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Kiran Society for Rehabilitation and Education of Children with Disabilities, Varanasi 221011, India;
| | - Fabiana Utsch
- Reabilitação Infantil, Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilitação, Belo Horizonte 30510-000, Brazil;
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience—iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter B. Marschik
- Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience—iDN, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Marschik PB, Kwong AKL, Silva N, Olsen JE, Schulte-Rüther M, Bölte S, Örtqvist M, Eeles A, Poustka L, Einspieler C, Nielsen-Saines K, Zhang D, Spittle AJ. Mobile Solutions for Clinical Surveillance and Evaluation in Infancy-General Movement Apps. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3576. [PMID: 37240681 PMCID: PMC10218843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Prechtl General Movements Assessment (GMA) has become a clinician and researcher toolbox for evaluating neurodevelopment in early infancy. Given that it involves the observation of infant movements from video recordings, utilising smartphone applications to obtain these recordings seems like the natural progression for the field. In this review, we look back on the development of apps for acquiring general movement videos, describe the application and research studies of available apps, and discuss future directions of mobile solutions and their usability in research and clinical practice. We emphasise the importance of understanding the background that has led to these developments while introducing new technologies, including the barriers and facilitators along the pathway. The GMApp and Baby Moves apps were the first ones developed to increase accessibility of the GMA, with two further apps, NeuroMotion and InMotion, designed since. The Baby Moves app has been applied most frequently. For the mobile future of GMA, we advocate collaboration to boost the field's progression and to reduce research waste. We propose future collaborative solutions, including standardisation of cross-site data collection, adaptation to local context and privacy laws, employment of user feedback, and sustainable IT structures enabling continuous software updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Marschik
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Amanda K. L. Kwong
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nelson Silva
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Joy E. Olsen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 11861 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Örtqvist
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abbey Eeles
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luise Poustka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
| | - Christa Einspieler
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Leibniz Science, Campus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (P.B.M.)
- iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alicia J. Spittle
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Mallmann GS, França ALN, Almeida PR, Oliveira LS, Merey LSF, Soares-Marangoni DA. Association between the General Movement Optimality Score and clinical features in newborns during hospitalization: A cross-sectional study. Early Hum Dev 2023; 177-178:105720. [PMID: 36773505 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the General Movements (GMs) of hospitalized newborns to verify if their global and detailed GMA are related and if their GMs are associated with clinical features. METHODS Cross-sectional study. Thirty-eight preterm and full-term newborns, who were hospitalized in the neonatal intermediate care unit of a reference hospital, were included. Prechtl's General Movement Assessment (GMA), including the General Movement Optimality Score (GMOS) list, was used as an assessment tool. Clinical variables, such as preterm birth, birthweight, length of hospitalization, Apgar scores, pregnancy problems, admission at neonatal intensive care unit, use of invasive mechanical ventilation, and brain imaging findings were also collected. Newborns were videoed at a single time for 3 min before discharge. RESULTS Most newborns presented GMs with normal or poor repertoire quality. GMOS ranged from 17 to 42 points. Scores were lower in abnormal GMs. Abnormal GMs were associated with preterm birth, length of hospital stay >30 days and birthweight <2500 g. Accordingly, lower GMOSs were also associated with preterm birth, a birthweight <2500 g and a hospital stay >30 days but also with the invasive mechanical ventilation application. CONCLUSION Preterm and full-term newborns presented normal or abnormal GMs during hospitalization. Preterm birth, low birthweight, longer hospital stay and a time period of invasive ventilation were associated with worse GM behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geruza Souza Mallmann
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Lagoa Nascimento França
- Graduate Program in Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rimoli Almeida
- Regional Hospital of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Eng. Lutero Lopes, 36, Aero Rancho, 79084-180 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucimeire Souza Oliveira
- Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Leila Simone Foerster Merey
- Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Almeida Soares-Marangoni
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitaria, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Redd CB, Karunanithi M, Boyd RN, Barber LA. Technology-assisted quantification of movement to predict infants at high risk of motor disability: A systematic review. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 118:104071. [PMID: 34507051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the scientific literature to determine the predictive validity of technology-assisted measures of observable infant movement in infants less than six months of corrected age (CA) to identify high-risk of motor disability. METHOD A comprehensive search for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and cross-comparison trials was performed on five electronic databases up to Feb 2021. Studies were included if they quantified infant movement before 6 months CA using some method of technology-assistance and compared the instrumented measure to a diagnostic clinical measure of neurodevelopment. Studies were excluded if they did not report a technology-assisted measure of infant movement. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black scale. RESULTS 23 studies met the full inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality of the included papers ranged from 9 to 24 (out of 26) on the Downs and Black scale. Infant movement assessments included the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and domains of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Assessment (HINE). Studies used 2D video recordings, RGB-Depth recordings, accelerometry, and electromagnetic motion tracking technologies to quantify movement. Analytical approaches and movement features of interest were individual and varied. Technology assisted quantitative assessments identified cases of later diagnosed CP with sensitivity 44-100 %, specificity 59-95 %, Area under the ROC Curve 82-93 %; and typical development with sensitivity range 30-46 %, specificity 88-95 %, Area under the ROC Curve 68 %. INTERPRETATION Technology-assisted assessments of movement in infants less than 6 months CA using current technologies are feasible. Validation of measurement tools are limited. Although methods and results appear promising clinical uptake of technology-assisted assessments remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Redd
- CSIRO, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Roslyn N Boyd
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee A Barber
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Nathan, Australia
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