1
|
Ding X, Pang Y, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wu J, Lei J, Zhang T. GO-PEG Represses the Progression of Liver Inflammation via Regulating the M1/M2 Polarization of Kupffer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306483. [PMID: 38229561 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
As a highly promising nanomaterial, exploring the impact of the liver, a vital organ, stands out as a crucial focus in the examination of its biological effects. Kupffer cells (KCs) are one of the first immune cells to contact with exotic-substances in liver. Therefore, this study investigates the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of polyethylene glycol-modified graphene oxide (GO-PEG) on KCs. Initial RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analyses reveal the inhibition of the TOLL-like receptor, TNF-α and NOD-like receptor pathways in continually stimulated KCs exposed to GO-PEG. Subsequent biological experiments validate that a 48-hour exposure to GO-PEG alleviates LPS-induced KCs immune activation, characterized by a shift in polarization from M1 to M2. The underlying mechanism involves the absorption of double-stranded RNA/single-stranded RNA, inhibiting the activation of TLR3 and TLR7 in KCs. Employing a Kupffer/AML12 cell co-culture model and animal studies, it is observed that GO-PEG indirectly inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in AML12 cells, partially mitigating systemic inflammation and preserving liver tissue/function. This effect is attributed to the paracrine interaction between KCs and hepatocytes. These findings suggest a meaningful and effective strategy for treating liver inflammation, particularly when combined with anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanting Pang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jialin Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou C, Shen Z, Shen B, Dai W, Sun Z, Guo Y, Xu X, Wang J, Lu J, Zhang Q, Luo X, Qu Y, Dong H, Lu L. FABP4 in LSECs promotes CXCL10-mediated macrophage recruitment and M1 polarization during NAFLD progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166810. [PMID: 37487374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease with a serious threat to global health burden. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is closely associated with metabolic syndromes. We aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of FABP4 in NAFLD progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS For NAFLD mice, animals were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. The assays of hematoxylin and eosin, Sirius Red, oil red O staining and immunohistology were performed to evaluate hepatic pathology. Flow cytometric analysis was used to distinguish macrophage subtypes. RESULTS Serum FABP4 level was positively correlate with the severity of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. FABP4 expression was mainly distributed in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which was significantly increased in HFD mice. The level of CXCL10 was positively correlated with FABP4 at mRNA and serum level. FABP4 inhibition resulted in decreased expression of CXCL10. The percentage of M1 macrophage and CXCR3+ cells in infiltrated macrophage was increased in liver of HFD mice. Inhibition of FABP4 ameliorated HFD-induced M1 macrophage polarization as well as CXCR3+ macrophages recruitment. Recombinant CXCL10 and co-culturing with TMNK-1 stimulated macrophage toward M1 polarization, which could be reversed by CXCR3 inhibitor. Palmitic acid treatment resulted in increased nuclear P65 expression, which could be reversed by inhibiting FABP4. Cxcl10 expression was dramatically suppressed by NF-κB inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS FABP4 in LSECs may play a pathogenic role in NAFLD course by promoting CXCL10-mediated macrophage M1 polarization and CXCR3+ macrophage infiltration via activating NF-κB/p65 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuecheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park SJ, Garcia Diaz J, Um E, Hahn YS. Major roles of kupffer cells and macrophages in NAFLD development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150118. [PMID: 37274349 PMCID: PMC10235620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem with growing numbers of NAFLD patients worldwide. Pathological conditions are different in each stage of NAFLD due to various factors. Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for a crucial role of immune cells in NAFLD progression. Liver-resident macrophages, kupffer cells (KCs), and monocytes-derived macrophages are the key cell types involved in the progression of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their unique polarization contributes to the progression of NAFLD. KCs are phagocytes with self-renewal abilities and play a role in regulating and maintaining homeostasis. Upon liver damage, KCs are activated and colonized at the site of the damaged tissue. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by KCs play a pivotal role in initiating NAFLD pathogenesis. This review briefly describes the role of immune cells in the immune system in NAFLD, and focuses on the pathological role and molecular pathways of KCs and recruited macrophages. In addition, the relationship between macrophages and insulin resistance is described. Finally, the latest therapeutics that target KCs and macrophages are summarized for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeung Park
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Josefina Garcia Diaz
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Eugene Um
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee KJ, An S, Kim MY, Kim SM, Jeong WI, Ko HJ, Yang YM, Noh M, Han YH. Hepatic TREM2 + macrophages express matrix metalloproteinases to control fibrotic scar formation. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:216-230. [PMID: 36529983 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the extensive deposition of extracellular matrix such as fibril collagen, causing dysfunction and failure of the liver. Hepatic macrophages play pivotal roles in the transition from inflammatory to restorative properties upon hepatic injury. In particular, scar-associated macrophages (SAMacs) control liver fibrosis with the representative expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). However, the heterogenic SAMac population has not been well characterized yet. This study profiled heterogeneous liver macrophages using public databases of single-cell transcriptomics and found T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin containing (TIM)4- macrophages exhibited elevated expression of MMPs. Scar-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)2 was positively correlated with MMP expression, suggesting that TREM2+ subsets exert their fibrotic role via MMPs. During the progression of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and drug-induced liver cirrhosis, monocyte-derived TREM2+ macrophages accumulate in the liver with the distinct expression of MMPs. A noticeable expansion of MMP- and TREM2- double positive macrophages was observed in fibrotic scar regions. Consistently, the analysis of single-cell transcriptomics for human cirrhotic livers supported the theory that TREM2+ SAMacs are strongly associated with MMPs. The results could expand the understanding of liver fibrosis and SAMac, offering potential therapeutic approaches for liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seungchan An
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sun Myoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raith M, Nguyen N, Kauffman SJ, Kang N, Mays J, Dalhaimer P. Obesity and inflammation influence pharmacokinetic profiles of PEG-based nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 355:434-445. [PMID: 36758834 PMCID: PMC10006354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Most patients that will be treated with soft nanoparticles (NPs) will be obese. Yet, NP testing, which begins with pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicity studies, is carried out almost exclusively in lean rodents having healthy livers and low inflammation. To address this knowledge gap, we determined the PK and toxicity of tail-vein-injected, PEG-based cylindrical nanoparticles (CNPs) and PEGylated liposomes (PLs) as a function of obesity, liver health, and inflammation in leptin-deficient ob/ob and wild-type C57BL/6 J mice. CNPs localized faster to obese livers than to healthy livers within 24 h of injection. PLs localized faster to obese livers than to healthy livers but only 30 min post-injection. Afterwards PL localization to lean livers was higher than localization to obese livers. Overall, PL liver signal peaked ∼6 h post-injection in lean mice, ∼24 h post-injection in heavy mice, and ∼ 48 h post-injection in obese mice. CNPs and PLs were non-toxic to mouse livers as assessed by histology; they reduced many cytokine and chemokine levels that were elevated by obesity. Liver macrophage depletion reduced CNP and PL liver localization as expected; liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) depletion reduced PL liver localization but surprisingly increased CNP liver localization. The intensity of RAW264.7 macrophages was higher after CNP incubations than with PL incubations; conversely, the intensity of LSECs was higher after PL incubations than with CNP incubations. This shows the potential for key differences in NP-liver interactions. Triggering inflammation by administering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice increased CNP liver localization but decreased PL liver localization. The results show that obesity and inflammation in a mouse model and in vitro affect soft PEG-based NP interaction with macrophages and LSECs, but also that these NPs can reduce pro-inflammatory pathways increased by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Raith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Sarah J Kauffman
- Department of Microbiology, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Namgoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Jimmy Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
| | - Paul Dalhaimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Filiberti S, Russo M, Lonardi S, Bugatti M, Vermi W, Tournier C, Giurisato E. Self-Renewal of Macrophages: Tumor-Released Factors and Signaling Pathways. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2709. [PMID: 36359228 PMCID: PMC9687165 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have multiple important functions in cancer. During tumor growth, both tissue-resident macrophages and newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages can give rise to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which have been associated with poor prognosis in most cancers. Compelling evidence indicate that the high degree of plasticity of macrophages and their ability to self-renew majorly impact tumor progression and resistance to therapy. In addition, the microenvironmental factors largely affect the metabolism of macrophages and may have a major influence on TAMs proliferation and subsets functions. Thus, understanding the signaling pathways regulating TAMs self-renewal capacity may help to identify promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. In this review, we focus on the environmental factors that promote the capacity of macrophages to self-renew and the molecular mechanisms that govern TAMs proliferation. We also highlight the impact of tumor-derived factors on macrophages metabolism and how distinct metabolic pathways affect macrophage self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Filiberti
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mariapia Russo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Cathy Tournier
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|