1
|
Klein Y, David E, Pinto N, Khoury Y, Barenholz Y, Chaushu S. Breaking a dogma: orthodontic tooth movement alters systemic immunity. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:38. [PMID: 39370477 PMCID: PMC11456555 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevailing paradigm posits orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) as primarily a localized inflammatory process. In this study, we endeavor to elucidate the potential ramifications of mechanical force on systemic immunity, employing a time-dependent approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS A previously described mouse orthodontic model was used. Ni-Ti. springs were set to move the upper 1st-molar in C57BL/6 mice and the amount of OTM was. measured by µCT. Mice were allocated randomly into four experimental groups, each. corresponding to clinical phases of OTM, relative to force application. Terminal blood. samples were collected and a comprehensive blood count test for 7 cell types as well as. proteome profiling of 111 pivotal cytokines and chemokines were conducted. Two controls. groups were included: one comprised non-treated mice and the other mice with inactivated springs. RESULTS Serum immuno-profiling unveiled alterations in cellular immunity, manifesting as. changes in percentages of leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and. lymphocytes, alongside key signaling factors in comparison to both control groups. The systemic cellular and molecular alterations triggered by OTM mirrored the dynamics previously described in the local immune response. CONCLUSIONS Although the exact interplay between local and systemic immune responses to orthodontic forces require further elucidation, our findings demonstrate a tangible link between the two. Future investigations should aim to correlate these results with human subjects, and strive to delve deeper into the specific mechanisms by which mechanical force modulates the systemic immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Klein
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eilon David
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noy Pinto
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Khoury
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Mei L, Qian Y, Zhou X, Zhao Z, Zheng W, Li Y. Integrated bioinformatic analysis of protein landscape in gingival crevicular fluid unveils sequential bioprocess in orthodontic tooth movement. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 39307846 PMCID: PMC11417088 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanisms driving orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain incompletely understood. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important indicator of the periodontal bioprocess, providing valuable cues for probing the molecular mechanisms of OTM. METHODS A rigorous review of the clinical studies over the past decade was conducted after registering the protocol with PROSPERO and adhering to inclusion criteria comprising human subjects, specified force magnitudes and force application modes. The thorough screening investigated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in GCF associated with OTM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was carried out using the STRING database, followed by further refinement through Cytoscape to isolate top hub proteins. RESULTS A comprehensive summarization of the OTM-related GCF studies was conducted, followed by an in-depth exploration of biomarkers within the GCF. We identified 13 DEPs, including ALP, IL-1β, IL-6, Leptin, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, PGE2, TGF-β1, TNF-α, OPG, RANKL. Bioinformatic analysis spotlighted the top 10 hub proteins and their interactions involved in OTM. Based on these findings, we have proposed a hypothetic diagram for the time-course bioprocess in OTM, which involves three phases containing sequential cellular and molecular components and their interplay network. CONCLUSIONS This work has further improved our understanding to the bioprocess of OTM, suggesting biomarkers as potential modulating targets to enhance OTM, mitigate adverse effects and support real-time monitoring and personalized orthodontic cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinlianyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cazzolla AP, Brescia V, Lovero R, Fontana A, Giustino A, Dioguardi M, Di Comite MS, Di Serio F, Ciavarella D, Crincoli V. Evaluation of Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism on Salivary Matrix in the Remodeling of Periodontal Tissue during Orthodontic Treatment. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:209. [PMID: 39056996 PMCID: PMC11276302 DOI: 10.3390/dj12070209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the concentration of N-terminal type I collagen extension pro-peptide (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in saliva during orthodontic treatment in order to evaluate whether changes in bone turnover marker (BTM) concentration can help highlight the effects of orthodontic mechanical loading in the absence of clinical evidence of tooth movement in terms of tooth movement. Saliva samples from 25 apparently healthy young subjects (10 females and 15 males) were collected using Salivette® (Sarstedt) with cotton swabs and the concentrations of PTHrP, TRAcP 5b, and PINP were analyzed at time 0 (T1), 25 days (T2), and at 45 days (T3). Differences in the median value of biomarker levels between baseline T1 and follow-up of the different groups (T2 and T3) were assessed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Trough concentrations of P1NP, PTHrP, and TRAcP were 0.80 µg/L, 0.21 ng/mL, and 0.90 U/L above the method LOD. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test confirmed a statistically significant difference in T1 versus concentrations of T2 and T3. All subjects evaluated had a statistically significant difference between T1 vs. T3. when compared with the specific critical difference (RCV) for the analyte The results obtained demonstrate that the evaluation of BTM changes in saliva can help the evaluation of orthodontic procedures and the monitoring of biomechanical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Brescia
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari—Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (A.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Roberto Lovero
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari—Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (A.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Antonietta Fontana
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari—Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (A.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Arcangela Giustino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mario Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Severa Di Comite
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Human Anatomy Section, Aldo Moro, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesca Di Serio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari—Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, 70124 Bari, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (A.F.); (F.D.S.)
| | - Domenico Ciavarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (M.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Vito Crincoli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Chen C, Zeng Y, Lu J, Xiao L. Hyaluronidase inhibits TGF-β-mediated rat periodontal ligament fibroblast expression of collagen and myofibroblast markers: An in vitro exploration of periodontal tissue remodeling. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 163:105980. [PMID: 38692246 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation by hyaluronidase (HYAL) in inhibiting collagen fiber production by rat periodontal ligament cells (rPDLCs). DESIGN Primary rPDLCs were isolated from the euthanized rats and used for in vitro experiments. The appropriate HYAL concentration was determined through CCK-8 testing for cytotoxicity detection and Alizarin red staining for mineralization detection. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were conducted to assess the effect of HYAL, with or without TGF-β, on generation of collagen fiber constituents and expression of actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) of rPDLCs. RESULTS Neither cell proliferation nor mineralization were significantly affected by treatment with 4 U/mL HYAL. HYAL (4 U/mL) alone downregulated type I collagen fiber (Col1a1 and Col1a2) and Acta2 mRNA expression; however, ACTA2 and COL1 protein levels were only downregulated by HYAL treatment after TGF-β induction. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of rPDLCs with HYAL can inhibit TGF-β-induced collagen matrix formation and myofibroblast transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Osteopathy, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunting Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Osteopathy, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang CY, Le HHT, Tsai HC, Tang CH, Yu JH. The effect of low-level laser therapy on osteoclast differentiation: Clinical implications for tooth movement and bone density. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1452-1460. [PMID: 39035342 PMCID: PMC11259655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Osteoclast differentiation is crucial for orchestrating both tooth movement and the maintenance of bone density. Therefore, the current study sought to explore the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on osteoclast differentiation, functional gene expression, molecular signaling pathways, and orthodontic tooth movement in clinical settings. Materials and methods The RAW 264.7 cell line served as the precursor for osteoclasts, and these cells underwent irradiation using a 808-nm LLLT. Osteoclast differentiation was assessed through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Functional gene expression levels were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) while signaling molecules were examined through Western blot analysis. In the clinical study, 12 participants were enrolled. Their tooth movement was monitored using a TRIOS desktop scanner. Bone density measurements were conducted using Mimics software, which processed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images exported in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. Results We found that LLLT effectively promoted receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent osteoclast differentiation and the expression of osteoclast functional genes, including matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K (CTSK) in RAW264.7 cells. Clinically, the cumulative tooth movement over 90 days was significantly higher in the laser group than in the control group. Conclusion Our research demonstrates that LLLT not only significantly promotes osteoclast differentiation but is also a valuable adjunct in orthodontic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, China Medical University Hospital Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huynh Hoai Thuong Le
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Yu
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthodontics, China Medical University Hospital Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang ACS, Ishida Y, Hatano-sato K, Oishi S, Hosomichi J, Usumi-fujita R, Yamaguchi H, Tsujimoto H, Sasai A, Ochi A, Ono T. NF-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide-Loaded Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nanospheres Facilitate Socket Healing in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5223. [PMID: 38791262 PMCID: PMC11121581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic space closure following tooth extraction is often hindered by alveolar bone deficiency. This study investigates the therapeutic use of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotides loaded with polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanospheres (PLGA-NfDs) to mitigate alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) following the bilateral extraction of maxillary first molars in a controlled experiment involving forty rats of OTM model with ethics approved. The decreased tendency of the OTM distance and inclination angle with increased bone volume and improved trabecular bone structure indicated minimized alveolar bone destruction. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated the suppression of inflammation and bone resorption by downregulating the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cathepsin K, NF-κB p65, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand while provoking periodontal regeneration by upregulating the expression of alkaline phosphatase, transforming growth factor-β1, osteopontin, and fibroblast growth factor-2. Importantly, relative gene expression over the maxillary second molar compression side in proximity to the alveolus highlighted the pharmacological effect of intra-socket PLGA-NfD administration, as evidenced by elevated osteocalcin expression, indicative of enhanced osteocytogenesis. These findings emphasize that locally administered PLGA-NfD serves as an effective inflammatory suppressor and yields periodontal regenerative responses following tooth extraction.
Collapse
Grants
- 20K18750 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20K18750) (KAKENHI), from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan (Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo)
- 21BA100275 Joint research agreement (21BA100275), funding for some of the research reagents and medicine for NF-κB decoy ODNs (NfD) and NF-κB decoy ODN-loaded PLGA NS (PLGA-NfDs) used in the study were provided by AnGes, Inc. and HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert chun-shuo Huang
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Kasumi Hatano-sato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Shuji Oishi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Jun Hosomichi
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Risa Usumi-fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Tsujimoto
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan; (H.T.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Aiko Sasai
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan; (H.T.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayaka Ochi
- Pharmaceutical/Beauty Science Research Center, Material Business Division, Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Osaka 573-1132, Japan; (H.T.); (A.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (A.c.-s.H.); (K.H.-s.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (R.U.-f.); (T.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perillo L, d’Apuzzo F, Grassia V. New Approaches and Technologies in Orthodontics. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2470. [PMID: 38730999 PMCID: PMC11084780 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new diagnostic and treatment approaches in orthodontics have arisen, and there is thus a need for researchers and practitioners to stay up to date with these innovations [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo Grassia
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.d.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Liu R, Wang H, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wei F. CircPRKD3/miR-6783-3p responds to mechanical force to facilitate the osteogenesis of stretched periodontal ligament stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:257. [PMID: 38649946 PMCID: PMC11036753 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanotransduction mechanisms by which cells regulate tissue remodeling are not fully deciphered. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial to various physiological processes, including cell cycle, differentiation, and polarization. However, the effects of mechanical force on circRNAs and the role of circRNAs in the mechanobiology of differentiation and remodeling in stretched periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) remain unclear. This article aims to explore the osteogenic function of mechanically sensitive circular RNA protein kinase D3 (circPRKD3) and elucidate its underlying mechanotransduction mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDLSCs were elongated with 8% stretch at 0.5 Hz for 24 h using the Flexcell® FX-6000™ Tension System. CircPRKD3 was knockdown or overexpressed with lentiviral constructs or plasmids. The downstream molecules of circPRKD3 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The osteogenic effect of related molecules was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. RESULTS Mechanical force enhanced the osteogenesis of PDLSCs and increased the expression of circPRKD3. Knockdown of circPRKD3 hindered PDLSCs from osteogenesis under mechanical force, while overexpression of circPRKD3 promoted the early osteogenesis process of PDLSCs. With bioinformatics analysis and multiple software predictions, we identified hsa-miR-6783-3p could act as the sponge of circPRKD3 to indirectly regulate osteogenic differentiation of mechanically stimulated PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results first suggested that both circPRKD3 and hsa-miR-6783-3p could enhance osteogenesis of stretched PDLSCs. Furthermore, hsa-miR-6783-3p could sponge circPRKD3 to indirectly regulate RUNX2 during the periodontal tissue remodeling process in orthodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding X, Lai L, Jia Y, Liu X, Hu J, Chen W. Effects of chronic fluorosis on the expression of VEGF/PI3K/AKT/eNOS in the gingival tissue of rats with orthodontic tooth movement. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:121. [PMID: 38361513 PMCID: PMC10867716 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the force of orthodontic correction triggers periodontal tissue remodeling by affecting angiogenesis. However, the manifestation of the vascular response to orthodontic tooth movement in the setting of chronic fluorosis is unclear. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily explore the effect of orthodontic treatment on the angiogenesis of gingival tissue in rats with chronic fluorosis by monitoring changes in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), AKT (or protein kinase B) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the gingival tissue. A total of 60 rats were randomly divided equally into the orthodontic group (O group; n=30) and fluorosis orthodontic group (FO group; n=30). Each of these groups was divided into 0-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 21-day groups (n=6/group). Fluorosis and orthodontic tooth movement models were established, and rats in each group were sacrificed for tissue sampling at the corresponding time points. Tissue morphology was observed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF, PI3K, AKT and eNOS in gingival tissue were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The H&E staining images showed that the FO group had smaller blood vessels and reduced vascular proliferation compared with the O group. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, PI3K, AKT and eNOS were reduced in the gingiva of rats in the FO group compared with the O group, and certain reductions were significant during the delayed tooth movement period. In addition, with the extension of the application of orthodontic stress, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF, PI3K, AKT and eNOS in the gingiva of the O and FO groups showed a trend of increasing at first and subsequently decreasing, which corresponds with the tooth movement cycle. In conclusion, chronic fluorosis may inhibit the angiogenesis and the expression of the VEGF/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in gingival tissue of orthodontic tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Wanlin Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seddiqi H, Klein-Nulend J, Jin J. Osteocyte Mechanotransduction in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:731-742. [PMID: 37792246 PMCID: PMC10724326 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Orthodontic tooth movement is characterized by periodontal tissue responses to mechanical loading, leading to clinically relevant functional adaptation of jaw bone. Since osteocytes are significant in mechanotransduction and orchestrate osteoclast and osteoblast activity, they likely play a central role in orthodontic tooth movement. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the impact and role of osteocyte mechanotransduction during orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanically loaded osteocytes produce signaling molecules, e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins, Wnts, prostaglandins, osteopontin, nitric oxide, sclerostin, and RANKL, which modulate the recruitment, differentiation, and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The major signaling pathways activated by mechanical loading in osteocytes are the wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin and RANKL pathways, which are key regulators of bone metabolism. Moreover, osteocytes are capable of orchestrating bone adaptation during orthodontic tooth movement. A better understanding of the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction is crucial to advance orthodontic treatment. The optimal force level on the periodontal tissues for orthodontic tooth movement producing an adequate biological response, is debated. This review emphasizes that both mechanoresponses and inflammation are essential for achieving tooth movement clinically. To fully comprehend the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction in orthodontic tooth movement, more knowledge is needed of the biological pathways involved. This will contribute to optimization of orthodontic treatment and enhance patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Seddiqi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kerberger R, Brunello G, Drescher D, van Rietbergen B, Becker K. Micro finite element analysis of continuously loaded mini-implants - A micro-CT study in the rat tail model. Bone 2023; 177:116912. [PMID: 37739299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Implant migration has been described as a minor displacement of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) when subjected to constant forces. Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of local stresses on implant migration and bone remodelling around constantly loaded OMIs. Two mini-implants were placed in one caudal vertebra of 61 rats, connected by a nickel‑titanium contraction spring, and loaded with different forces (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 N). In vivo micro-CT scans were taken immediately and 1, 2 (n = 61), 4, 6 and 8 (n = 31) weeks post-op. Nine volumes of interest (VOIs) around each implant were defined. To analyse stress values, micro-finite element models were created. Bone remodelling was analysed by calculating the bone volume change between scans performed at consecutive time points. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed model and likelihood-ratio-tests, followed by Tuckey post hoc tests when indicated. The highest stresses were observed in the proximal top VOI. In all VOIs, stress values tended to reach their maximum after two weeks and decreased thereafter. Bone remodelling analysis revealed initial bone loss within the first two weeks and bone gain up to week eight, which was noted especially in the highest loading group. The magnitude of local stresses influenced bone remodelling and it can be speculated that the stress related bone resorption favoured implant migration. After a first healing phase with a high degree of bone resorption, net bone gain representing consolidation was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kerberger
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Charité, Charité Centrum CC03, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Dieter Drescher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Charité, Charité Centrum CC03, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Y, Jing Z, Deng D, Yan J, Liu M, Li L, Zuo Y, Wu W, Hu Q, Xie Y. Dkk-1-TNF-α crosstalk regulates MC3T3E1 pre-osteoblast proliferation and differentiation under mechanical stress through the ERK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2191-2206. [PMID: 36640256 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to explore the role of the ERK signaling pathway in the crosstalk between Dkk-1 and TNF-α in MC3T3E1 pre-osteoblasts under cyclic tensile/compressive stress. A forced four-point bending system was used to apply cyclic uniaxial tensile/compressive strain (2000 μ, 0.5 Hz) to MC3T3E1 cells. Dkk-1 and TNF-α expression were upregulated in MC3T3E1 cells under compressive strain. Cell proliferation, the cell cycle, osteogenesis-related gene (Wnt5a, Runx2, Osterix) expression, β-catenin expression, and the p-ERK/ERK ratio were significantly enhanced, whereas apoptosis, the RANKL/OPG ratio, and TNF-α expression were significantly attenuated, by Dkk-1 silencing. Dkk-1 expression increased and the effects of Dkk-1 silencing were reversed when exogenous TNF-α was added. Mechanically, TNF-α crosstalked with Dkk-1 through ERK signaling in MC3T3E1 cells. ERK signaling blockade impaired Dkk-1-induced TNF-α expression and TNF-α-mediated Dkk-1 expression. Dkk-1 and TNF-α crosstalked, partially through ERK signaling, in MC3T3E1 cells under compressive/tensile strain, synergistically modulating various biological behaviors of the cells. These findings not only provide mechanical insight into the cellular events and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), but also aid the development of novel strategies to accelerate OTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jing
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Disi Deng
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Zuo
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #39 Shierqiao Rd, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunfei Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alalola B, Asiri A, Binmoghaiseeb I, Baharoon W, Alrassi Y, Alanizy B, Alsayari H. Impact of Bone-Grafting Materials on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44535. [PMID: 37790063 PMCID: PMC10544668 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontists may encounter patients with alveolar bony defects, which are often treated with various bone-grafting materials. The effects of different bone-grafting materials on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) are of concern to orthodontists. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the current status of the literature that reports on the effects of different bone-grafting materials on OTM in terms of the rate and side effects. An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases and Google Scholar was performed. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening process using COVIDENCE™, and a third reviewer resolved any conflicts. SYRCLE's (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's) risk-of-bias tool for animal studies was utilized to assess the quality of the included studies. Out of 457 initial titles, 11 studies were finally included for data extraction. All of the included studies were animal experiments, and none of them were considered to have a low risk of bias. The included studies had varied results. However, a general tendency existed, whereby OTM in surgically treated areas with no bone grafting presented the highest OTM rate. In cases where a bone graft was used, xenografts revealed the highest OTM rate, followed by alloplasts. Lastly, the use of allografts resulted in the slowest OTM rates. The most common side effect was root resorption. In conclusion, there is a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the effects of bone-grafting materials on OTM rate. Due to the lack of human subjects, RCTs, and the heterogeneity of subjects in the current literature, the impact of bone-grafting materials on OTM deserves further investigations using more rigorous scientific methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Alalola
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali Asiri
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, GBR
| | - Ibraheem Binmoghaiseeb
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Waleed Baharoon
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Yazeed Alrassi
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Bandar Alanizy
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hesham Alsayari
- Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Dental Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nottmeier C, Lavicky J, Gonzalez Lopez M, Knauth S, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Helms J, Krivanek J, Koehne T, Petersen J. Mechanical-induced bone remodeling does not depend on Piezo1 in dentoalveolar hard tissue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9563. [PMID: 37308580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory ion channels are proteins that are sensitive to mechanical forces. They are found in tissues throughout the body and play an important role in bone remodeling by sensing changes in mechanical stress and transmitting signals to bone-forming cells. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a prime example of mechanically induced bone remodeling. However, the cell-specific role of the ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 in OTM has not been investigated yet. Here we first identify the expression of PIEZO1/2 in the dentoalveolar hard tissues. Results showed that PIEZO1 was expressed in odontoblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, while PIEZO2 was localized in odontoblasts and cementoblasts. We therefore used a Piezo1floxed/floxed mouse model in combination with Dmp1cre to inactivate Piezo1 in mature osteoblasts/cementoblasts, osteocytes/cementocytes, and odontoblasts. Inactivation of Piezo1 in these cells did not affect the overall morphology of the skull but caused significant bone loss in the craniofacial skeleton. Histological analysis revealed a significantly increased number of osteoclasts in Piezo1floxed/floxed;Dmp1cre mice, while osteoblasts were not affected. Despite this increased number of osteoclasts, orthodontic tooth movement was not altered in these mice. Our results suggest that despite Piezo1 being crucial for osteoclast function, it may be dispensable for mechanical sensing of bone remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cita Nottmeier
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany
| | - Josef Lavicky
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos Gonzalez Lopez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Knauth
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jill Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany.
| | - Julian Petersen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Saxony, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baghani Z, Soheilifard R, Bayat S. How Does the First Molar Root Location Affect the Critical Stress Pattern in the Periodontium? A Finite Element Analysis. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2023; 24:182-193. [PMID: 37388195 PMCID: PMC10300141 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2022.93271.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem The first molar root location plays a pivotal role in neutralization of forces applied to the teeth to prevent injury. Purpose This study aimed to assess the effect of maxillary and mandibular first molar root location on biomechanical behavior of the periodontium under vertical and oblique loadings. Materials and Method In this three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA), the maxillary and mandibular first molars and their periodontium were modeled. The Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio for the enamel, dentin, dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), and cortical and cancellous bones were adopted from previous studies. The changes in maximum von Misses stress (MVMS) values of each component were analyzed. Results The MVMS values were the highest in the enamel followed by dentin, cortical bone, cancellous bone, and PDL. The maxillary and mandibular first molars with different root locations and their periodontium showed different biomechanical behaviors under the applied loads. Conclusion An interesting finding was that the stress concentration point in the path of load degeneration changed from the cervical third in dentin to the apical third in the cancellous bone, which can greatly help in detection of susceptible areas over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baghani
- Dept. of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reza Soheilifard
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Hakim Sabzevari University Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sahar Bayat
- Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chiang YC, Wu F, Ko SH. Effective Patient-Dentist Communication with a Simulation System for Orthodontics. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101433. [PMID: 37239718 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is a common dental treatment. A complete treatment often takes several years and is costly. In order to increase the degree of satisfaction and reduce the gap between the expectations of the patient and the limitations of orthodontics, orthodontists and patients should have sufficient communication. A simulation system can provide a good channel for communication between orthodontists and patients. This paper proposes a 3D dentist-patient communication system for the simulation of orthodontics in advance. The system collects the clinical paradigms of orthodontic cases, which must contain photos from before, during, and after maxillofacial treatment. This research simulates treatment processes by tuning a 3D virtual model of the oral and maxillofacial areas, including the face, mouth, and teeth, to demonstrate the processes of clinical paradigms. These 3D models could be edited and synthesized to generate new 3D models for simulation with the 3DS Max tool. In addition, the proposed system provides a function for the orthodontist to manually operate the 3D virtual model, such as tooth arrangement, morphing of the gums with movement of the teeth, the placement (attachment) of arch-wires and brackets, and changes of facial appearance. The orthodontist can demonstrate the treatment processes, show movements of the teeth, and answer possible questions from the patient about the treatment processes by using the 3D model. To show the effectiveness of the proposed system, a questionnaire about the system was also used to demonstrate its acceptance, usability, and validity. Qualitative interviews with dentists and questionnaires for patients about the system are both performed. The results showed that the proposed system is an effective vehicle for communication between patients and orthodontists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Information Management, National Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
- Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427213, Taiwan
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Healthcare Management of Information System, National Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Ko
- Institute of Healthcare Management of Information System, National Chung-Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meng Y, Zhao D, Yang X, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang Z, Cui S, Wei F. Near-Infrared Ratiometric Hemicyanine-Based pH Fluorescence Probe with Bone Targetability for Monitoring Bone Resorption. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3736-3745. [PMID: 36746762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of bone resorption is extremely important in the orthodontic treatment process as it can provide a basis for clinical treatment strategies. Recently, pH-responsive fluorescence probes have received tremendous attention in bone resorption monitoring owing to their high sensitivity, good specificity, and in situ and real-time detection capabilities, but there are still some shortcomings like the increase in the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw by use of bisphosphonate as the bone-targeting moiety and the insufficient monitoring accuracy due to susceptibility to interference. Herein, we designed and synthesized a near-infrared ratiometric hemicyanine-based pH fluorescence probe (Hcy-Asp6) with fluorescence-imaging and pH-determining capabilities, and bone targetability for more reliably and safely monitoring the bone resorption in orthodontic treatment. In vitro optical performance tests of Hcy-Asp6 revealed that the probe had high sensitivity, excellent photostability, reversibility, and strong resistance to interference, and the probe suggested excellent bone-binding ability and biocompatibility in the bone-targeting evaluation and the cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo bone resorption monitoring assays demonstrated that this probe can detect bone resorption by fluorescence imaging and quantitative monitoring of pH associated with the bone resorption. Thus, the results indicated that this probe possessing bone targetability and accurate bone resorption-monitoring capability has an extraordinarily great clinical potential to be employed for real-time monitoring of bone resorption in orthodontic treatment and could also serve as a reference in bone resorption monitoring for other bone resorption-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Meng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Delu Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xingye Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bohui Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyue Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Yang H, Ma X, Liu J, Li L, Chen L, Wei F. LRP6/filamentous-actin signaling facilitates osteogenic commitment in mechanically induced periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:7. [PMID: 36694134 PMCID: PMC9872397 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanotransduction mechanisms whereby periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) translate mechanical stress into biochemical signals and thereby trigger osteogenic programs necessary for alveolar bone remodeling are being deciphered. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a Wnt transmembrane receptor, has been qualified as a key monitor for mechanical cues. However, the role of LRP6 in the mechanotransduction of mechanically induced PDLSCs remains obscure. METHODS The Tension System and tooth movement model were established to determine the expression profile of LRP6. The loss-of-function assay was used to investigate the role of LRP6 on force-regulated osteogenic commitment in PDLSCs. The ability of osteogenic differentiation and proliferation was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay, western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. Crystalline violet staining was used to visualize cell morphological change. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and phalloidin staining were adopted to affirm filamentous actin (F-actin) alteration. YAP nucleoplasmic localization was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. YAP transcriptional response was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cytochalasin D was used to determine the effects of F-actin on osteogenic commitment and YAP switch behavior in mechanically induced PDLSCs. RESULTS LRP6 was robustly activated in mechanically induced PDLSCs and PDL tissues. LRP6 deficiency impeded force-dependent osteogenic differentiation and proliferation in PDLSCs. Intriguingly, LRP6 loss caused cell morphological aberration, F-actin dynamics disruption, YAP nucleoplasmic relocation, and subsequent YAP inactivation. Moreover, disrupted F-actin dynamics inhibited osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, YAP nuclear translocation, and YAP activation in mechanically induced PDLSCs. CONCLUSIONS We identified that LRP6 in PDLSCs acted as the mechanosensor regulating mechanical stress-inducible osteogenic commitment via the F-actin/YAP cascade. Targeting LRP6 for controlling alveolar bone remodeling may be a prospective therapy to attenuate relapse of orthodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiao Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Huiqi Yang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Xiaobei Ma
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Jiani Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Lan Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| | - Fulan Wei
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No. 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012 Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Küchler EC, Schröder A, Spanier G, Thedei G, Carvalho Ribeiro de Oliveira MB, de Menezes-Oliveira MAH, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Influence of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts as a Response to Orthodontic Compression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415948. [PMID: 36555589 PMCID: PMC9787981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with gene expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts under simulated orthodontic compressive force. hPDL samples from 57 patients were used. A physiological compressive strain was performed to simulate orthodontic tooth movement in pressure areas under cell culture conditions. The RNA from hPDL fibroblasts was isolated to determine the relative gene expression (mRNA) of the VDR. The DNA was also isolated for the genotyping analysis of five SNPs in the VDR gene: BglI (rs739837, G/T), BsmI (rs1544410, T/C), ApaI (rs7975232, A/C), FokI (rs2228570, A/G), and TaqI (rs731236, A/G). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for both analyses. Kruskal−Wallis tests were used to compare VDR expression among genotypes of each SNP. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate SNP−SNP interaction. An established alpha of 5% was used. The relative mRNA VDR expression according to the genotypes in the SNPs BglI, BsmI, ApaI, FokI, and TaqI was not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05). The SNP−SNP interaction evaluated by regression analysis did not demonstrate any statistically significant association. No association was observed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the SNPs BglI (rs739837), BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) did not show an impact on VDR gene expression in hPDL fibroblasts under simulated orthodontic compressive force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba 38010-200, Brazil
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Geraldo Thedei
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Uberaba, Uberaba 38010-200, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+49-941/944-6095/6093; Fax: +49-941/944-6169
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Detailed Correlation between Central Incisor Movement and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Adults with Orthodontic Premolar Extraction Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort CBCT Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226872. [PMID: 36431349 PMCID: PMC9692330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the detailed correlation between the movement of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and alveolar bone resorption in adults who had orthodontic premolar extraction treatment. Methods: A total of 63 adult patients (mean age, 24.41 years) who received orthodontic treatment with the extraction of four first premolars were included in this study. CBCT images were obtained before and after treatment. Three-dimensional evaluations of the movement of 252 central incisors (126 maxillary and 126 mandibular incisors) and alveolar bone changes were conducted. Four points were used to describe the incisor movement: C (cusp point), R (root apex point), M (mid-point of root neck), and L (labial cementoenamel junction point). The thickness of labial and palatal alveolar bone was assessed at the crestal, mid-root, and apical levels of incisors. The results were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation and multilinear regression. Results: Matching the measurements of central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption, significant correlations could be observed. For maxillary central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the crestal level was correlated with the movement of Point L (r = 0.290, p < 0.05), and the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with Point M (r = 0.387, p < 0.05). For mandibular central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with the movement of Point M (r = 0.493, p < 0.05) and R (r = 0.498, p < 0.01); the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the mid-root level with Point M (r = -0.170, p < 0.01); and the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the apical level with Point R (r = 0.177, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study investigated the concrete correlations between central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption in adults after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. It is potentially helpful for orthodontists to have a relatively accurate prediction of alveolar bone resorption based on the specific movements of central incisors and to reduce the risk of alveolar bone resorption by better adjusting the three-dimensional movement types of incisors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Zhu G, Pei F, Wang Y, Liu J, Lu C, Zhao Z. RNA-Sequence Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of miR-149 on Osteoblast Skeleton under Mechanical Tension. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9640878. [PMID: 36193254 PMCID: PMC9525771 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9640878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Based on RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), the regulation of miRNAs differentially expressed in dental, periodontal, and alveolar bone tissue of orthodontic tree shrews on osteoblast skeleton under tension was investigated. Methods Tree shrews were used to construct orthodontic models. We used RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in periodontal tissues of the treatment group and control group tree shrews. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for enrichment analysis. Human osteoblast MG63 was treated with 5000 U mechanical tension. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detected the expression of miR-149 and ARFGAP with SH3 domain, Ankyrin repeat, and Ph domain 3 (ASAP3) mRNA. Western blot detected the protein levels of ASAP3, F-actin, osteogenic markers bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Rhodamine phalloidin was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of F-actin. Validation of the targeting relationship between miR-149 and ASAP3 by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results By performing miRNA-seq analysis on the dental and periodontal tissue of tree shrews in the treatment group and control group, we identified 51 upregulated miRNAs and 13 downregulated miRNAs. The expression of miR-149 in the dental and periodontal tissue of tree shrew and MG63 cells treated with mechanical tension was decreased, and miR-149 targeted ASAP3. Knockdown of ASAP3 inhibited the fluorescence intensity of F-actin in MG63 cells treated with 5000 U tension for 36 h, and overexpression of ASAP3 promoted the expression of F-actin and osteogenic markers BMP2 and RUNX2. Conclusions These findings revealed that miR-149 could modulate osteoblast differentiation under orthodontics mechanical tension through targeting ASAP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yigan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 650106 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Melendres OU, Cattaneo PM, Roscoe MG, Gialain IO, Dominguez GC, Ballester RY, Meira JBC. Intrusion of overerupted periodontally compromised posterior teeth using orthodontic mini‐implants: a mechanobiological finite element study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2022; 26:239-247. [PMID: 36073609 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intrusion of posterior teeth had been considered challenging up to the development of orthodontic mini implants. In periodontally compromised teeth, the challenge is even greater, because of the root resorption risk due to periodontal ligament over-compression. Still, the precise strategy to determine the force reduction level remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine, by a finite element analysis (FEA), the force reduction needed to avoid root resorption and maintain the efficiency of orthodontic mechanics of periodontally compromised teeth similar to the sound one. METHODS An anatomical model was constructed representing a premolar inserted into a maxillary bone. Based on the initial model (R0), three bone height loss conditions were simulated (R2 = 2 mm, R4 = 4 mm, and R6 = 6 mm). Two intrusive movements were simulated: pure intrusion (bilateral mini implant) and uncontrolled-tipping intrusion (buccal mini implant). The hydrostatic stress at the periodontal ligament was used to evaluate the risk of root resorption due to over-compression. RESULTS For bilateral mini implant intrusion, the force had to be decreased by 16%, 32% and 48% for R2, R4 and R6, respectively. For buccal mini implant intrusion, the required reductions were higher (20%, 36% and 56%). A linear relationship between the intrusive force reduction and the alveolar bone height loss was observed in both intrusion mechanics. CONCLUSIONS According to the FE results, 8% or 9.3% of force reduction for each millimetre of bone height loss is suggested for intrusion with bilateral or buccal mini implant, respectively. The buccal mini implant anchorage must be associated with a supplemental strategy to avoid buccal crown tipping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ugarte Melendres
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paolo Maria Cattaneo
- Melbourne Dental School ‐ Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences ‐ University of Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marina Guimarães Roscoe
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ivan Onone Gialain
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gladys Cristina Dominguez
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rafael Yague Ballester
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Josete Barbosa Cruz Meira
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jeon HH, Kang J, Li J(M, Kim D, Yuan G, Almer N, Liu M, Yang S. The Effect of IFT80 Deficiency in Osteocytes on Orthodontic Loading-Induced and Physiologic Bone Remodeling: In Vivo Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1147. [PMID: 36013326 PMCID: PMC9410307 DOI: 10.3390/life12081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are the main mechanosensory cells during orthodontic and physiologic bone remodeling. However, the question of how osteocytes transmit mechanical stimuli to biological responses remains largely unanswered. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are important for the formation and function of cilia, which are proposed to be mechanical sensors in osteocytes. In particular, IFT80 is highly expressed in mouse skulls and essential for ciliogenesis. This study aims to investigate the short- and long-term effects of IFT80 deletion in osteocytes on orthodontic bone remodeling and physiological bone remodeling in response to masticatory force. We examined 10-week-old experimental DMP1 CRE+.IFT80f/f and littermate control DMP1 CRE-.IFT80f/f mice. After 5 and 12 days of orthodontic force loading, the orthodontic tooth movement distance and bone parameters were evaluated using microCT. Osteoclast formation was assessed using TRAP-stained paraffin sections. The expression of sclerostin and RANKL was examined using immunofluorescence stain. We found that the deletion of IFT80 in osteocytes did not significantly impact either orthodontic or physiologic bone remodeling, as demonstrated by similar OTM distances, osteoclast numbers, bone volume fractions (bone volume/total volume), bone mineral densities, and the expressions of sclerostin and RANKL. Our findings suggest that there are other possible mechanosensory systems in osteocytes and anatomic limitations to cilia deflection in osteocytes in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Jessica Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Jiahui (Madelaine) Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Douglas Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Gongsheng Yuan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Nicolette Almer
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.K.); (J.L.); (D.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- The Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Potential donor-dependent regulative effects of endogenous sclerostin expression and mineralization potential in primary human PDL cells in vitro. Ann Anat 2022; 244:151980. [PMID: 35787444 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The glycoprotein sclerostin is mostly expressed in osteocytes and plays a central role in human bone metabolism. However, sclerostin and the corresponding SOST gene have been found in periodontal ligament cells under mineralizing conditions as well. The present study aimed to investigate, whether there was a correlation between endogenous SOST expression, the corresponding gene, and mineralization potential in human periodontal ligament cells and to identify different sclerostin expression and secretion patterns in cells derived from individual donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary human periodontal ligament cells of three different donors were cultivated under control or mineralizing conditions for 6, 13, 15 and 18 days, respectively. Calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red and quantified afterwards. Quantitative expression analysis of the SOST gene encoding sclerostin was performed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, intracellular sclerostin expression was analyzed using Western blotting and extracellular sclerostin secretion was quantified using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS Alizarin red staining identified calcium deposits in periodontal ligament cells under mineralizing conditions beginning from day 13, relative SOST expression occurred on day 6. Whereas staining continued to increase in donor 1 on day 15, it remained stable in donors 2 and 3. Conversely, baseline SOST expression was significantly lower in donor 1 compared to donors 2 and 3. Western blotting and ELISA revealed increased intra- and extracellular sclerostin expression at day 13 under mineralizing conditions. Donor 3 exhibited the highest overall sclerostin levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data emphasize donor-specific characteristics in differentiation potential and sclerostin expression patterns in primary human periodontal ligament cells. Sclerostin might play a central role in modulating osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells as part of a negative feedback mechanism in avoiding excessive mineralization.
Collapse
|
25
|
Pain Perception during Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the intensity of pain perception in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. We analyzed the severity of pain concerning four routine procedures: the placement of separating elastics, ring cementations, arch activations, and elastic tractions. Our study consisted of a sample of 100 patients between 12 and 35 years old during the initial months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The patients completed a questionnaire meant to assess their pain sensation perception. The study sample was divided according to age and sex. By determining the intensity of pain felt during the four orthodontic procedures, we found that the most painful one was the ring cementation in all four age groups. The therapeutic-arch-activation procedure ranked second, with a higher mean value (2.66) in the 18–24 age group; the least painful was considered the elastic traction procedure, with a higher value (1.33) in the group over 30 years old. The most painful period was during the first 3–4 days after procedures. Most patients showed moderate pain after following the studied orthodontic interventions and required analgesic medication, the most frequently used being Nurofen, ketonal or paracetamol. The level of pain felt was significantly higher in men than in women. Patients suffer differently from the intensity of perceived pain as they grow older.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang C, Yang Q, Han Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zheng Y, Li W. A reduced level of the long non-coding RNA SNHG8 activates the NF-kappaB pathway by releasing functional HIF-1alpha in a hypoxic inflammatory microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:229. [PMID: 35659362 PMCID: PMC9166574 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of biochemical responses, including hypoxia and aseptic inflammation, occur in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) during periodontal tissue remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in these responses is still largely unknown. We investigated the role of the lncRNA SNHG8 in hypoxic and inflammatory responses during OTM and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The expression pattern of SNHG8, and hypoxic and inflammatory responses under compressive force were analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting, in vivo and in vitro. The effect of overexpression or knockdown of SNHG8 on the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway was evaluated. RNA sequencing was performed for mechanistic analysis. The interaction between SNHG8 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was studied using catRAPID, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pulldown assays. The effect of the SNHG8-HIF-1α interaction on the NF-κB pathway was determined by western blotting. RESULTS The NF-κB pathway was activated, and HIF-1α release was stabilized, in PDLCs under compressive force as well as in OTM model rats. The SNHG8 level markedly decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of SNHG8 decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, the phosphorylation of p65, and the degradation of IκBα in PDLCs, whereas knockdown of SNHG8 reversed these effects. Mechanically, RNA sequencing showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in cellular response to hypoxia after SNHG8 overexpression. SNHG8 binds to HIF-1α, thus preventing HIF-1 from activating downstream genes, including those related to the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION SNHG8 binds to HIF-1α. During OTM, the expression of SNHG8 dramatically decreased, releasing free functional HIF-1α and activating the downstream NF-κB pathway. These data suggest a novel lncRNA-regulated mechanism during periodontal tissue remodeling in OTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaolin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yineng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Impact of phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 on the expression profile of periodontal ligament fibroblasts during mechanical strain. J Orofac Orthop 2022; 84:143-153. [PMID: 35445818 PMCID: PMC10126016 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex process involving the remodeling of extracellular matrix and bone as well as inflammatory processes. During orthodontic treatment, sterile inflammation and mechanical loading favor the production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Simultaneously, expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) is inhibited. This stimulates bone resorption on the pressure side. Recently, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was shown to be expressed in the periodontal ligament after force application and to interfere with inflammatory processes. METHODS We investigated the effects of phosphorylated HSP27 on collagen synthesis (COL1A2 mRNA), inflammation (IL1B mRNA, IL6 mRNA, PTGS2 protein) and bone remodeling (RANKL protein, OPG protein) in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) without and with transfection of a plasmid mimicking permanent phosphorylation of HSP27 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Furthermore, we investigated PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis after compressive strain in a co-culture model with human macrophages. RESULTS In particular, phosphorylated HSP27 increased gene expression of COL1A2 and protein expression of PTGS2, while IL6 mRNA levels were reduced. Furthermore, we observed an increasing effect on the RANKL/OPG ratio and osteoclastogenesis mediated by PDLF. CONCLUSION Phosphorylation of HSP27 may therefore be involved in the regulation of orthodontic tooth movement by impairment of the sterile inflammation response and osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu P, Tu J, Wang W, Li Z, Li Y, Yu X, Zhang Z. Effects of Mechanical Stress Stimulation on Function and Expression Mechanism of Osteoblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:830722. [PMID: 35252138 PMCID: PMC8893233 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a major role in bone tissue homeostasis. The homeostasis and integrity of bone tissue are maintained by ensuring a balance between osteoclastic and osteogenic activities. The remodeling of bone tissue is a continuous ongoing process. Osteoclasts mainly play a role in bone resorption, whereas osteoblasts are mainly involved in bone remodeling processes, such as bone cell formation, mineralization, and secretion. These cell types balance and restrict each other to maintain bone tissue metabolism. Bone tissue is very sensitive to mechanical stress stimulation. Unloading and loading of mechanical stress are closely related to the differentiation and formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption function as well as the differentiation and formation of osteoblasts and bone formation function. Consequently, mechanical stress exerts an important influence on the bone microenvironment and bone metabolism. This review focuses on the effects of different forms of mechanical stress stimulation (including gravity, continuously compressive pressure, tensile strain, and fluid shear stress) on osteoclast and osteoblast function and expression mechanism. This article highlights the involvement of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in activating different mechanical transduction pathways and reports changings in their differentiation, formation, and functional mechanism induced by the application of different types of mechanical stress to bone tissue. This review could provide new ideas for further microscopic studies of bone health, disease, and tissue damage reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Basic Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yu, ; Zhengdong Zhang,
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yu, ; Zhengdong Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhu W, Dong W, Zhang S, Shuai Y. Alterations between Autophagy and Apoptosis in Alveolar Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Orthodontic Force and Their Effects on Osteogenesis. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyin Zhu
- Department of The Third Outpatient, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Wenrui Dong
- Department of The Third Outpatient, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of The Third Outpatient, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Yi Shuai
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang PE, Li S, Kim HY, Lee DJ, Choi YJ, Jung HS. BBS7-SHH Signaling Activity Regulates Primary Cilia for Periodontal Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:796274. [PMID: 34957122 PMCID: PMC8703258 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mechanical stimuli are essential for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) homeostasis. Although there are several studies on atrophic changes in PDL due to occlusal hypofunction, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the changes of gene expression in occlusal hypofunctional PDL and elucidate the related role in maintaining the PDL homeostasis. Methods: To investigate the transcriptomic difference between control and hypofunctional PDL tissue from patients, RNA sequencing was performed on 34 human teeth. The atrophic changes in PDL were evaluated by histological analysis. The effect of the Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 (BBS7) knockdown was evaluated by the RT-qPCR, Western blot, wound healing, and tubule formation assay. Results: We detected that the expression of BBS7 was downregulated in occlusal hypofunctional PDL through RNA sequencing. Dynamic changes, including the number of periodontal ligament cells, alignment of collagen fibers, diameter of blood vessels, appearance of primary cilia, and torturous oxytalan fibers, were observed following occlusal hypofunction. Furthermore, Sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh) activity was closely associated with BBS7 expression in PDL cells. In addition, the cell migration and angiogenesis were also suppressed by BBS7 knockdown in vitro. Conclusion: We suggest that BBS7 plays an essential role in maintaining Shh signaling activity for PDL homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pi En Chang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|