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Gimblet GR, Houson HA, Whitt J, Reddy P, Copland JA, Kenderian SS, Szkudlinski MW, Jaskula-Sztul R, Lapi SE. PET Imaging of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer with TSHR-Targeted [ 89Zr]Zr-TR1402. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3889-3896. [PMID: 38976794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) accounting for 95% of diagnoses. While most DTC patients are diagnosed and treated with radioiodine (RAI), up to 20% of DTC patients become RAI refractory (RAI-R). RAI-R patients have significantly reduced survival rates compared to patients who remain RAI-avid. This study explores [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 as a thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR)-targeted PET radiopharmaceutical for DTC. [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 was synthesized with a molar activity of 25.9 MBq/nmol by conjugating recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) analogue TR1402 to chelator p-SCN-Bn-deferoxamine (DFO) in a molar ratio of 3:1 (DFO/TR1402) and radiolabeling with 89Zr (t1/2 = 78.4 h, β+ = 22.7%). As TSHR is absent in commonly available DTC-derived cell lines, TSHR was reintroduced via stable transduction by delivering a lentivirus containing the full-length coding region of the human TSHR gene. Receptor-mediated uptake of [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 was evaluated in vitro in stably transduced TSHR+ and wild-type TSHR- DTC cell lines. In vivo PET imaging was performed on Days 1-3 postinjection in male and female athymic nude mice bearing TSHR+ and TSHR- xenografts, along with ex vivo biodistribution on Day 3 postinjection. In vitro uptake of 1 nM [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 was significantly higher in TSHR+ THJ529T (P < 0.0001) and FTC133 (P < 0.01) cells than in TSHR- THJ529T and FTC133 cells. This uptake was shown to be specific in both TSHR+ THJ529T (P < 0.0001) and TSHR+ FTC133 (P < 0.0001) cells by blocking uptake with 250 nm DFO-TR1402. In vivo PET imaging showed accumulation of [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 in TSHR+ tumors, which was the highest on Day 1. In the male FTC133 xenograft model, ex vivo biodistribution confirmed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in uptake between FTC133+ (1.3 ± 0.1%ID/g) and FTC133- (0.8 ± 0.1%ID/g) tumors. A significant difference (P < 0.05) in uptake was also seen in the male THJ529T xenograft model between THJ529T+ (1.8 ± 0.6%ID/g) and THJ529T- (0.8 ± 0.4%ID/g) tumors. The in vitro and in vivo accumulation of [89Zr]Zr-TR1402 in TSHR-expressing DTC cell lines support the continued preclinical optimization of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson R Gimblet
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Pratheek Reddy
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - John Al Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | | | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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Maitz CA, Bryan JN. The role of companion animal models in radiopharmaceutical development and translation. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:165-173. [PMID: 38439693 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in molecular imaging and drug targeting have created a renaissance in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for therapy and theranostics. While some radiopharmaceuticals, such as Na[131I]I, have been used clinically for decades, new agents are being approved using small-molecules, peptides, and antibodies for targeting. As these agents are being developed, the need to understand dosimetry and biologic effects of the systemically delivered radiotherapy becomes more important, particularly as highly potent radiopharmaceuticals using targeted alpha therapy become clinically utilized. As the processes being targeted become more complex, and the radiobiology of different particulate radiation becomes more diverse, models that better recapitulate human cancer and geometry are necessary. Companion animals develop many of the same types of cancer, carrying many of the same genetic drivers as those seen in people, and the scale and geometry of tumours in dogs more closely mimics those in humans than murine tumour models. Key translational challenges in oncology, such as alterations in tumour microenvironment, hypoxia, heterogeneity, and geometry are addressed by companion animal models. This review paper will provide background on radiopharmaceutical targeting techniques, review the use of radiopharmaceuticals in companion animal oncology, and explore the translational value of treating these patients in terms of dosimetry, treatment outcomes, and normal tissue complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Maitz
- Comparative Oncology Radiobiology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Comparative Oncology Radiobiology and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Gillis A, Zheng-Pywell R, McLeod C, Wang D, Ness JM, Guenter R, Whitt J, Prolla TA, Chen H, Gonzalez ML, Rose B, Lloyd RV, Jaskula-Sztul R, Lin D. Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression in Oncocytic Thyroid Neoplasms: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100332. [PMID: 37716507 PMCID: PMC10843045 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) display variable expression in primary thyroid tumors and have been implicated as theranostic targets. This study was designed to explore the differential expression of SSTR2 and TSHR in oncocytic (Hurthle cell) carcinoma (OC) vs oncocytic adenoma (OA). We performed a retrospective review for oncocytic neoplasms treated at our institution from 2012 to 2019. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were used for tissue microarray construction. Tissue microarray blocks were cut into 5-μm sections and stained with anti-SSTR2 and anti-TSHR antibodies. Immunostains were analyzed by 3 independent pathologists. χ2 and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze clinical and pathologic variables. Sixty-seven specimens were analyzed with 15 OA and 52 OC. The mean age was 57 years, 61.2% were women, and 70% were White. SSTR2 positivity was noted in 2 OA (13%) and 15 OC (28%; 10 primary, 4 recurrent, and 1 metastatic) (P = .22). TSHR positivity was noted in 11 OA (73%) and 32 OC (62%; 31 primary and 1 metastatic) (P = .40). Those who presented with or developed clinical recurrence/metastasis were more likely to be SSTR2-positive (50% vs 21%; P = .04) and TSHR-negative (64.3% vs 28.9%; P = .02) than primary OC patients. Widely invasive OC was more likely to be SSTR2-positive compared to all other OC subtypes (minimally invasive and angioinvasive) (P = .003). For all patients with OC, TSHR positivity was inversely correlated with SSTR2 positivity (odds ratio, 0.12; CI, 0.03-0.43; P = .006). This relationship was not seen in the patients with OA (odds ratio, 0.30; CI, 0.01-9.14; P = .440). Our results show that recurrent/metastatic OC was more likely to be SSTR2-positive and TSHR-negative than primary OC. Patients with OC displayed a significant inverse relationship between SSTR2 and TSHR expression that was not seen in patients with OA. This may be a key relationship that can be used to prognosticate and treat OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gillis
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui Zheng-Pywell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chandler McLeod
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John M Ness
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tomas A Prolla
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Manuel Lora Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconin
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Diana Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Gamma camera imaging of benign thyroid diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Gamma camera imaging in differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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