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Zhang S, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Chen J, Liu J, Li Z, Xie Z. Roles of Integrin in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4096. [PMID: 38612904 PMCID: PMC11012347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health threat due to their complex pathogenesis and high incidence, imposing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. Integrins, a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that are located on the cell membrane, have emerged as key players in mediating the occurrence and progression of CVDs by regulating the physiological activities of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets, fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and various immune cells. The crucial role of integrins in the progression of CVDs has valuable implications for targeted therapies. In this context, the development and application of various integrin antibodies and antagonists have been explored for antiplatelet therapy and anti-inflammatory-mediated tissue damage. Additionally, the rise of nanomedicine has enhanced the specificity and bioavailability of precision therapy targeting integrins. Nevertheless, the complexity of the pathogenesis of CVDs presents tremendous challenges for monoclonal targeted treatment. This paper reviews the mechanisms of integrins in the development of atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, hypertension, and arrhythmias, which may pave the way for future innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yutong Lu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinkai Liu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhuohan Li
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.); (Z.L.)
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Hossaini Nasr S, Huang X. Nanotechnology for Targeted Therapy of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755569. [PMID: 34867370 PMCID: PMC8633109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of heart attack and stroke that are the leading causes of death in the world. Nanomedicine is a powerful tool that can be engineered to target atherosclerotic plaques for therapeutic and diagnosis purposes. In this review, advances in designing nanoparticles with therapeutic effects on atherosclerotic plaques known as atheroprotective nanomedicine have been summarized to stimulate further development and future translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Hossaini Nasr
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Nanomaterial-Based Drug Targeted Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases: Ischemic Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the most important epidemic of our century, with more than 37 million patients globally. Furthermore, CVDs are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and also increased hospitalization rates and poor quality of life. Out of the plethora of conditions that can lead to CVDs, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are responsible for more than 2/3 of the cases that end in severe heart failure and finally death. Current therapy strategies for CVDs focus mostly on symptomatic benefits and have a moderate impact on the underlying physiopathological mechanisms. Modern therapies try to approach different physiopathological pathways such as reduction of inflammation, macrophage regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, stem-cell differentiation and cellular regeneration. Recent technological advances make possible the development of several nanoparticles used not only for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, but also for targeted drug delivery. Due to their high specificity, nanocarriers can deliver molecules with poor pharmacokinetics and dynamics such as: peptides, proteins, polynucleotides, genes and even stem cells. In this review we focused on the applications of nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart failure and atherosclerosis.
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